Ntwa ya Adwa
Ntwa ya Adwa ke ntwa ya ntlha ya mafatshe a Italy le Ethiopia. Sesole sa Ethiopia se ne sa fenya sesole sa Italy le Eritrea se se neng se eteletswe pele ke Oreste Baratieri ka Mopitlo a rogwa ngwaga wa 1896, gaufi le toropo ya Adwa. Phenyo, e e kgonagetseng ka ntlha ya dipalo tse di kwa godimo, e ne ya phirimisa maiteko a Italy a go atolosa bogosi jwa lone jwa bokolone kwa lonakeng lwa Aforika.[1] Se se ne sa dira gore e re kwa bofelong jwa lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe Ethiopia e bo e le lone fela lefatsge le le neng le ipusa mo Aforika, mo go ka bong go emisistswe ke mafatshe a Europe morago ga bokopano jwa Berlin.[2] Adwa o ne a nna sekao sa tlhwatlhwa sa Aforika o o kopaneng le go ipusa ga Ethiopia go fitlhelela ka ntwa ya Italy le Ethiopia dingwaga di le masome mane morago.[3]
Tse di diragetseng pele
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Ka ngwaga wa 1989, batho ba Italy ba ne ba baya monwana tumalano ya Wuchale le Kgosi Menelik wa Shewa. Tumalano e e neng e beilwe monwana morago ga go tsaya taolo ga lefatshe la Italy kwa koloneng e e kwa lotshitshing. Mo go yone,lefatshe la Italy le ne la solofetsa go thusa ka tsa madi le didirisiwa tsa sesole. Morago go ne ga nna le ngangisano ka go tlhaloganya mekwalo e mebedi ya tokomane e. Tsebe ya lesome le bosupa ya tumalano e e e kwadilweng ka puo ya Italy, e ne e bua gore kgosikgolo ya kwa Ethiopia o tlamega go tshwara dikgang tsa mafatshe a sele a di fetisa ka baeteledipele ba Italy, se se dira lefatshe la Ethiopia le le sireleditsweng ke la Italy. Tsebe e e kwadileng ka puo ya Amharic yone le fa go ntse jalo, e ne e supa gore kgosikgolo o ka dirisa diofisi tsa bogosi jwa Italy mo botsalanong jwa gagwe le mafatshe a sele fa a eletsa. Le fa go ntse jalo, baemedi ba Italy ba ne ba re mokwalo wa pele wa Amharic o ne o akaretsa molao le gore Menelik wa bobefi o beile monwana tokomane e e baakantsweng ya tumalano.[4]
Puso ya Italy e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya sesole ya go pateletsa lefatshe la Ethiopia go obamela tumalano e e kwadilweng ka puo ya Italian. Ka jalo mafatshe a Italy le Ethiopia a ne a ngangisana, mo go se se neng sa itsege jaaka ntwa ya ntlha ya Italy le Ethiopia. Ka kgwedi ya Morule ngwaga wa 1894, Bahta Hagos o ne a etelela pele tsuologo kgatlhanong le batho ba Italy kwa Akele Guzai, kwa e neng e le Eritrea o o laolwang ke Italy. Mephato ya sesole sa ga Oreste Baratieri ka fa tlase ga taolo ya ga Pietri Toselli se ne sa kgalema tsuologo eo sa bo sa bolaya Bahta. Ka kgwedi ya Firikgong ngwaga wa 1895, sesole sa ga Baratieri se ne sa ya go fenya Ras Mengesha Yohannes mo ntweng ya Coatit, se pateletsa Mengesha go sia ka go boela morago kwa borwa.
Ka ngwaga wa 1895, sesole sa Italy se ne se tseneletse kwa kgaolong ya Ethiopia se gapile bontsi jwa Tigray. Ka kgwedi ya Morule e le malatsi a supa, ngwaga wa 1895, Ras Makonnen Wolde Mikael, Fitawrari Gebeyehu le Ras Mengesha Yohannes ba laola setlhopha se setona sa Ethiopia, ba ne ba ganyaola setlhopha se sebotlana sa sesole sa Italy mo ntweng ya Amba Alagi. Batho ba Italy ba ne ba patelediwa go boela morago kwa kgaolong ya Tigray, kwa mephato e mebedi ya masole e neng ya kopana teng. Ka kgwedi ya Firikgong e ya bokhutlong, gwaga wa 1896, didirisiwa mo mephatong ka bobedi di ne di ya tlase. Molaodi wa sesole sa italy Oreste Baratieri o ne a itse gore masole a Ethiopia a ntse a ikaegile ka tse ba di tsayang mo lefatsheng, le gore fa didirisiwa tsa bone di fela, sesole sa ga Emperor Menelik wa bobedi se tlaa nyelela. Le fa go ntse jalo, puso ya Italy e ne ya tsepama ka gore Baratieri a tseye kgato.
Ka maitseboa a Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le borobabongwe, Baratieri, o a neng a tloga a ntshiwa go tsenngwa General Baldissera, o ne a kopana le baeteledipele ba gagwe ebong matteo Albertone, Giuseppe Arimondi, Vittorio Dabormida le Giuseppe Ellena, mabapi le kgato e e latelang. O ne a bula bokopano ka dikgang tse di seng molemo, a bolelela baeteledipele ba gagwe fa dijo le tse dingwe di tla fela mo malatsing a a kwa tlase ga botlhano, a ntsha kakanyo ya gore go ikgogelwe morago, gongwe bokgakala jwa Asmara. Ba ba kwa tlase ga gagwe ba ne ba nganga gore go tlhaselwe, ba gatelela gore go ikgogela morago ka nako e go tla dira gore seemo se thatafalele pele le go diga sesole morale. Dabormina o ne a re "Italy e ka tlhopha go latlhegelwa ke banna ba le dikete pedi kgotsa tharo eseng go ikgogela morago." Baratieri o ne a diega go tsaya tshwetso dioura di le mmalwa, a supa fa a tlhoka go leta sebakanyana, mme kwa phelelong o ne a itsitse fa tlhaselo e tla a simolola moso o o latelang ka nako ya borobabongwe.[5] Mephato ya gagwe e ne ya simolola go gwantela kwa maemong a bone a tshimolo morago ga bosigogare.
Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ Woldeyes, Yirga Gelaw (29 February 2020). "The battle of Adwa: an Ethiopian victory that ran against the current of colonialism". The Conversation. Archived from the original on 4 June 2021. Retrieved 16 July 2025.
- ↑ "The Battle of Adwa as a 'Historic' Event" Archived 5 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, Ethiopian Review, 3 March 2009 (Retrieved 16 July 2025)
- ↑ Professor Kinfe Abraham, "The Impact of the Adowa Victory on The Pan-African and Pan-Black Anti-Colonial Struggle," Address delivered to The Institute of Ethiopian Studies, Addis Ababa University, 8 February 2006
- ↑ Piero Pastoretto. "Battaglia di Adua" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 31 May 2006. Retrieved 16 July 2025.
- ↑ David Levering Lewis, The Race for Fashoda (New York: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1987), p. 116. ISBN 1-55584-058-2