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Ntwa ya Angola ya boipuso

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Ntwa ya Angola ya boipuso e e itseweng e le kgaratlho ya dibetsa ya kgololesego ya lefatshe kwa Angola,[1][2] e ne e le ntwa ya boipuso e e lolweng ke mephato ya sesole sa lefatshe la Angola ya MPLA, UNITA le FNLA ba le lkgatlhanong le lefatshe la Portugal. E simologile e le botsuolodi bo bo dirilweng ke batho ba Angola ba patelediwa go lema letsela fela e le sone semela se se rekisiwang, ba patelediwa ke ba Portugal. Fa botsuolodi bo bo anam kgatlhanong le bateledipele ba dikolone, makgamu a le mantsi a ne a tlhaga a a neng a lwela go laola kgaolo ya Potugal e e kwa moseja ya Angola. go ne go na le matsholo a le mararo a go ikemela ka lefatshe le letsholo la go kgaoganya lefatshe.[3]

Ntwa e e fedile fa thankgolo ya kagiso e diragala kwa Lisbon ka ngwaga wa 1974 kgwedi ya Mopitlo, go fedisiwa puso ya boema nosi ya ga Estado Novo wa Portugal. puso e ntšha e ne ya emisa ditiragalo tsa sesole tsotlhe mo dikoloneng tsa Aforika e supa fa maikaelelo a yone e le go ba neela boipuso go sena tiego epe.

Kgotlhang gantsi e lebelelwa e le bontlha jwa ntwa ya bokolone ya Portugal. E akaretsa dintwa tsa boipuso tsa Guinea-Bissau le Mozambique.

Batho ba Angola ba ne ba dira ntwa ya botsuolodi, e sesole sa Portugal le makgotla a tshireletso a neng a bolotsa letsholo la go emisa ditlhopha tse di tshotseng dibetsa, tse di neng di aname mo mafelong a a senang palo e ntsi ya batho ba Angola.[4] Dilo tse di makatsang di le dintsi di ne di dirwa ke masole otlhe a a amegang mo kgotlhang e.

Morago ga gore ma Potokisi a ikgogele morago, ntwa ya dibetsa e ne ya tlhaga kwa Angola mo matsholong a bosetshaba. Ntwa e e ne ya fela semmuso ka Firikgong ngwaga wa 1975 fa puso ya Portugal, National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) le National Liberation Front of Angola (FNLA) ba ba ya monwana tumalano ya Alvor. Ntwa ya selegae e ne ya tswelela gape ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 1975, e akaretsa ntwa ya mo ditseleng kwa Luanda le mafelo a a mabapi.

Lemorago la kgaolo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka ngwaga wa 1482, sekepe sa bogosi jwa Portugal, se kgweediwa ke Diogo Cao, se ne sa goroga kwa bogoing jwa Kongo. Maeto a mangwe a ne a dirwa morago ga foo, le botsalano jwa dirwa mo magosing o o mabedi. Batho ba Portugal ba ne ba tsisa ditlhabololo tse dintsi tsa maranyane di akaretsa ditlhobolo le tumelo e ntšha ya SeKeresete. Fa ba boa, Kgosi wa kongo o ne a ntsha makgoba, dinaka tsa ditlou le ditswammung.

Paulo Dias de Novais o tlhamile Luanda ka ngwaga wa 1575 e le Sao Palo da Assuncao de loanda. Novais o ne a nna mo lefatsheng le se kae le na le malwapa a le lekgolo a ba ba eteletseng pele dikolone le masole a le makgolo a mane, a dira bonno.Babusi ba maPotokisi ba ne ba neela Luanda maemo a go nna toropokgolo ka ngwaga wa 1605. MaPotokisi a ne a tlhama a bo a tshegetsa mafelo a mangwe a bonno, maemelo a dikepe, jaaka Benguela go tswa ka 1587 le toropo go tswa ka 1617.[5][6]

Tshologelo ya mapotokisi e ne e tshwaiwa ke metseletsele ya dintwa, ditumalano le dikgotlhang le baeteledipele ba Aforika bogolo jang kwa Nzinga Mbandi o a neng a gana Portugal ka maikaelelo a magolo. Go lwela kgaolo e e leng Angola gompieno go simologile ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe Mme go ne ga seka ga fela Pele ga dingwaga tsa 1920.

Ka ngwaga wa 1834, lefatshe la Angola le dikgaolo tse di kwa moseja tsa maPotokisi di ne tsa amogela maemo a dikgaolo tse di kwa moseja. Go tswa foo maemo a semmuso a baeteledipele ba maPotokisi e ne e le gore Angola ke bontlha jo bo botlhokwa jwa Portugal ka tsela e e tshwanang le dikgaolo tsa Metreopole (Portugal o o kwa Europe). Maemo a kgaolo a ne a kgaupediwa go tswa ka 1926 go tsena 1951, fa lefatshe la Angola le ne le busiwa jaaka kolone, mme le ne la busediwa ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le motso ngwaga wa 1951. Go fetolwa ga molaomotheo wa Potokisi ka 1971 go ne ga oketsa bophara jwa kgaolo, e e neng ya nna State of Angola.[5][6]

  1. ↑ "Angola lembra 4 de Fevereiro de 1961 início da Luta Armada de Libertação Nacional". SAPO Notícias. Archived from the original on 7 April 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  2. ↑ "National Hero's deeds for independence highlighted – Politics – Angola Press – ANGOP". angop.ao. Archived from the original on 11 January 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  3. ↑ John Marcum, The Angolan Revolution, vol. I, The Anatomy of an Explosion (1950–1962), vol. II, Exile Politics and Guerrilla Warfare, Cambridge/Mass. & London: MIT Press, 1969 and 1978, respectively.
  4. ↑ António Pires Nunes, Angola 1966–74
  5. 1 2 Palmer, Alan Warwick (1979). The Facts on File Dictionary of 20th Century History, 1900–1978. p. 15.
  6. 1 2 Dicken, Samuel Newton; Forrest Ralph Pitts (1963). Introduction to Human Geography. p. 359.
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