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Ntwa ya selegae ya Mozambique

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Seemo sa mmepe wa Mozambique ka ngwaga wa 1994

Ntwa ya selegae ya Mozambique e ne e le ntwa e e lolweng kwa Mozambique go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1977 go tsena 1992 ka ntlha ya dikgotlhakgotlhano tsa mo gae le maduo a polotiki ya ntwa gareng ga lefatshe la United States le Soviet Union.[1] Ntwa e ne e le gareng ga phathi e e busang ya Mozambique's Liberation Front (FRELIMO), sesole se se kgatlhanong le boditšhaba se se neng se engwe nokeng ke lefatshe la Rhodesia sa Mozambiquan National Resistance (RENAMO),[2] le palo ya makgamu a mabotlana a tshwana le PRM,[3] UNAMO,[4] COREMO,[5] UNIPOMO le FUMO.[6]

Lekgotla la RENAMO le ne le le kgatlhanong le maiteko a FRELIMO a go dira lefatshe la phathi e le nngwe ya sepolotiki, le ne le engwe nokeng ke dipuso tse di kgatlhanong le bosetshaba tsa Rhodesia le Aforika Borwa ba ba neng ba ba ema nokeng go leka go nyatsa keno nokeng ya FRELIMO ya makgotla a sesole a boditshaba mo mafatsheng a bone.[1] Batho ba Mozambique ba ka feta sedikadike ba ne ba bolawa mo ntweng eo, kgotsa ba bolawa ke tlala ka ntlha ya kemiso ya go tsisiwa ga dijo; ba bangwe ba le didikadike di le tlhano ba ne ba phatlalala le lefatshe.[7][8] Ntwa ya selegae ya Mozambique e ne ya senya dikago tsa botlhokwa mo magaeng di akaretsa dipatela, diporo tsa terena, ditsela le dikolo.[2] Masole a FRELIMO le ditsuolodi tsa RENAMO ba ne ba lebisiwa molato wa tiriso dikgoka mo ditshwanelong tsa setho, di akaretsa tiriso ya bana mo sesoleng le go senya lefatshe ka go epa. Mafatshe a le mararo a a mabapi a Zimbabwe, Tanzania, le Malawi a ne a felela a romela mephato ya sesole kwa Mozambique go sireletsa dikgatlhego tsa bone tsa itsholelo kgatlhanong le ditlhaselo tsa RENAMO.[2]

Ntwa ya selegae ya Mozambique e fedile ka ngwaga wa 1992, morago ga go phutlhama ga kemo nokeng ya FRELIMO go tswa kwa Soviet Union le RENAMO go tswa Aforika Borwa.[1] Dipuisano tsa kagiso di ne tsa simolola ka ngwaga wa 1990 ka tlhokomelo ya khansele ya dikereke ya Mozambique le puso ya Italy; dipuisano di ne tsa fela ka tumalano ya Roma ya kagiso, e e neng ya emisa ntwa.[2] Ka ntlha ya tumalano ya Roma ya kagiso, mephato ya RENAMO e ne ya phatlaladiwa kgotsa ya tsenngwa mo sesoleng sa Mozambique le United Nations Operation in Mozambique (ONUMOZ) e ne ya tlhamiwa go thusa mo go ageng sešha dikago morago ga ntwa.[2] Dikgogakgogano gareng ga RENAMO le FRELIMO di ne tsa simolola gape ka ngwaga wa 2013 go tsena 2018, se se baka gore RENAMO e simolole gape botsuolodi jwa yone.[9][10] Kgotlhang e potlana e ya bobedi e ne ya fela ka tumalano ya kagiso ka ngwaga wa 2019.[11]

Metswedi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. 1 2 3 Schwartz, Stephanie (2010). Youth and Post-conflict Reconstruction: Agents of Change. Washington, D.C.: United States Institute of Peace Press. pp. 34–38. ISBN 978-1601270498.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Vines, Alex (1997). Still Killing: Landmines in Southern Africa. New York: Human Rights Watch. pp. 66–71. ISBN 978-1564322067.
  3. ↑ Cabrita, João M. (2000). Mozambique: the tortuous road to democracy. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-333-97738-5.
  4. ↑ Emerson, Stephen A. (2014). The battle for Mozambique: the Frelimo-Renamo struggle, 1977-1992. West Midlands: Helion. ISBN 978-1-909384-92-7.
  5. ↑ Banks, Arthur S.; Muller, Thomas C., eds. (1998). Political Handbook of the World: 1998: Governments and Intergovernmental Organizations as of January 1, 1998. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK. doi:10.1007/978-1-349-14951-3. ISBN 978-1-349-14953-7.
  6. ↑ Seegers, Annette (2018) [1st pub. 1986]. "From Liberation to Modernization: Transforming Revolutionary Paramilitary Forces into Standing Professional Armies". In Arlinghaus, Bruce E.; Baker, Pauline H. (eds.). African Armies: Evolution And Capabilities. Abingdon-on-Thames: Routledge. pp. 52–83. ISBN 978-0-429-72578-4.
  7. ↑ "Mozambique". State.gov. 4 November 2011. Retrieved 29 July 2025
  8. ↑ "MOZAMBIQUE: population growth of the whole country". Populstat.info. Archived from the original on 19 February 2017. Retrieved 29 July 2025.
  9. ↑ Fauvet, Paul. "Mozambique's Renamo kills three on highway". iOl News. iOl News. Retrieved 29 July 2025
  10. ↑ "36 Mozambique soldiers, police killed: Renamo". 13 August 2013. Retrieved 29 July 2025
  11. ↑ "Mozambique President, Opposition Leader Sign Peace Agreement". Voice of America. August 2019. Retrieved 29 July 2025
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