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Obafemi Awolowo

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Obafemi Awolowo
Tsalo
Jeremiah Obafemi Oyenini Awolowo

Mopitlo a le malatsi a marataro, ngwaga wa 1909
Ikenne, kwa borwa jwa Nigeria (kwa e leng Ogun gompieno)
LesoMotsheganong a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1987 (a le dingwaga di le masome a supa le borobabobedi)
Ikenne, kwa kgaolong ya Ogun kwa Nigeria
TiroMoeteledipele wa setlhopha sa Action
Dingwaga tsa a le mo tirongFirkgong a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 1966 go tsena Morule a le lesome le bobedi ngwaga wa 1959
TitleKgosi
MosadiHannah Adelana, ba nyalane ka ngwaga wa 1937
Banaba le batlhano

Obafemi Jeremiah Oyeniyi Awolowo (o otshotsweng ka Mopitlo a le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 1909 a tlhokafala ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1987) e ne e le lepolotiki la kwa Nigeria, o e neng e le tonakgolo wa ntlha wa kgaolo ya bophirima jwa Nigeria. o ne a itsege ka go nna mongwe wa batho ba ba botlhokwa mo letsholong la boipuso jwa lefatshe la Nigeria go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1965 go tsena 1960. Awolowo o tlhamile setlhopha sa Yoruba sa Egbe Omo Oduduwa ga mmogo le go nna tona wa kgaolo e e kwa bophirima ka fa tlase ga tsamaiso ya palamete ya Nigeria go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1952 go tsena wa 1959. E ne e le moeteledipele wa kganetso wa semmuso kwa palamenteng ya puso ya Balewa go tswa ka 1959 go tsena 1963.

Fa a le lekawana, o ne a le mmegadikgang wa tlhwatlhwa, a eteletse pele dikgatiso di tshwana le Nigerian Worker le African Sentinel, fa godimo ga tse dingwe. Morago o ne a nna motlhami le mogatisi wa Nigerian Tribune of African Newspapers of Nigeria Ltd.[1] Morago ga go fetsa dithuto tsa gagwe tsa bachelor of commerce kwa Nigeria, o ne a ya go ithutela molao kwa London.[2] Obafemi Awolowo e ne e le tona wa ntlha wa kgaolo ya bophirima, mme morago a nna molaodi wa tsa madi, le mothusa modulasetilo wa khansele e tona[3] ka nako ya ntwa ya selegae ya Nigeria.[4] O phadisanetse botautona jwa lefatshe makgetho a le mararo.[5]

A tlhaga kwa Ikenne kwa kgaolong ya Ogun kwa borwa bophirima jwa lefatshe la Nigeria,[6] Awolowo o simolotse tiro ka tsela e e tshwanang le ya balekane ba gagwe, e le molweladitshwanelo tsa lefatshe leo mo letsholong la basha la Nigeria kwa a neng a palamela kwa godimo go nna mokwaledi wa kgaolo ya bophirima. Awolowo o nnile le seabe se setona mo tswelelong pele ya melao e e dirileng lefatshe la Nigeria lefatshe le le tlhabologileng.[7] Ka ngwaga wa 1963, o ne a sekisiwa a bo a isiwa kgolegelong dingwaga di le lesome ka katlholo ya go batla go thankgola puso.[8] O ne a itshwarelwa ke puso ka ngwaga wa 1966, mme a diriwa tona wa tsa madi.[9][10] Awolowo ke ene motho wa ntlha mo di nakong tsa sesha go bidiwa moeteledipele wa morafe wa Yoruba. [11][12]

Fa a santse a le mmotlana

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Awolowo o tshotswe ka leina la Jeremiah Obafemi Oyeniyi Awolowo ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a marataro ngwaga wa 1909 kwa toropong ya Remo, kwa kgaolong ya Ikenne ( kwa e leng Ogun gompieno).[13][14] O tshotswe e le morwa a le nosi ke David Shopolu Awolowo o e neng e le molemimorui le mmetli, le Mary Efunyela Awolowo.[15] O ne a na le bokgaitsadie ba le babedi le kgaitsadie mo lotlhakoreng lwa ga mmagwe. Rragwe Alowolo e ne e le ngwana wa kgosi le leloko la setlhopha sa lwarefa se se neng se eteletse pele setlhopha sa Osugbo se se neng se busa kgaolo ya Ikenne.

Ka ngwaga wa 1896, rragwe Alowolo o ne a nna mongwe wa batho ba ntlha ba ba tsholetsweng kwa Ikenne go fetogela kwa tumelong ya SeKeresete. Nkukuagwe Awolowo mo lotlhakoreng lwa ga mmaagwe, ebong Adefule Awolowo, o Awolowo a neng a mo rata thata, e ne e le moabamedi wa Ifa. Adefule ebong nkukuagwe Awolowo o ne a dumela fa Obafemi e le rraagwe a tsetswe sesha (rragwe mogolwagolwane wa ga Obafemi). Go fetogela kwa Sekereseteng ga ga rragwe Awolowo gantsi go ne go le kgatlhanong le ditumelo tsa lolwapa lwa gagwe. Gantsi o ne a leka baobamedi ba modimo wa mmokwane, Obaluaye.[16] Rraagwe o ne a tlhokafala ka Moranang a le malatsi a robabobedi ka ngwaga wa 1920, a bolawa ke mmokwane fa Obafemi a le dingwaga di le lesome le motso.[17]

O tsene dikolo tse di farologaneng, di akaretsa sekolo se segolwane sa basimane sa kereke ya Baptist (BBHS), Abeokuta; mme morago a nna morutabana kwa Abeokuta, kwa a neng a nna le kitso e. e lekaneng go nna mo tobetsa sedirisiwa sa nako eo. O ne a ya go bereka e le mokwaledi kwa sekolong sa Wesley College kwa Ibadan, le go nna mokwadi kwa pampiring ya dikgang ya Nigerian Times.[18]

Morago ga dithuto tsa gagwe kwa Wesley College kwa Ibadan, ka ngwaga wa 1927, o ne a ikwadisa kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of London e le moithuti o o tswang kwa ntle, mme morago a aloga ka dithuto tsa Bachelor of commerce (Hons).[19] O ne a ya kwa UK ka ngwaga wa 1944 go ithutela molao kwa sekolong se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of London, a aloga ka ngwaga wa 1946, Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borobabongwe.[17][20] Ka ngwaga wa 1949, Awolowo a tlhama Nigerian Tribune, pampiri ya dikgang e e ikemetseng, e a neng a e dirisa go tsibosa batho ka ditshwanelo tsa lefatshe.[21]

Ka ngwaga wa 1945, o tseneletse bokopano jwa botlhano jwa Aforika o o tshwaraganeng kwa Manchester e le moemedi wa letsholo la basha la kwa Nigeria a na le H.O Davies.[22] Ba tsaya karolo ba bangwe ba akarets Kwame Nkrumah, Hastings Banda, Jomo Kenyatta le Jaja Wachuku.

Fa a le tona

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Awolowo ke ene motho wa ntlha go batla puso e e kopaneng.[23][24] Mo bukeng ya gagwe ya Path to Nigeria Freedown ya ngwaga wa 1947, o ne a kwala gore go tshwaragana ke yone fela tsela ya go bereka mmgoo, jaaka tlhogo ya setlhopha sa Action, o ne a etelela pele go gwetlha molaomotheo wa popagano, o o simolosweng ka ngwaga wa 1954 ke molaomotheo wa Lyttleton, o sala morago molao kakanyetos wa setlhopha sa kgaolo ya bophirima se se neng se eteletswe pele ke ene.[25] O ne gape a buelela ditshwanelo tsa ditlhopha tsa batho ba ba seng bantsi ka palo le phudugo ya toropokgolo ya puso go tswa kwa Lagos, a buelela ditshwanelo tsa gore Lagos o tshwanetse go busiwa ke kgaolo ya bophirima e e tletseng batho ba morafe wa Yoruba.

Ka nako ya fa a le tona, o ne a itshupa fa e le monna o o nang le kelelelo ebile e le motsamaisi o o matlhagatlhaga. Awolowo gape e ne e le lepolotiki la puso ya batho ka batho le le kwa pele. O ne a eme nokeng go sa nne le dithoto tse dintsi le go rulaganya mo lefelong le le lengwefela mo pusong. O ne a dumela gore lefatshe le tshwanetse go isa didirisiwa tsa Nigeria mo go tsa thuto le tlhabololo ya dikago.[26] O ne a simolola thuto ya kwa moding e e sa lopeng madi ape le tlhokomelo ya tsa botsogo ya mahala mo banneg kwa kgaolong e e kwa bophirima, o ne gape a simolola tirelo ya setshwantsho sa motshikhinyego ya ntlha mo Aforika ka ngwaga wa 1959 le setlhopha sa Oduduwa, tsotlhe di dirisa madi a mohama wa cocoa o e neng e le one o mogolo mo itsholelong ya lefatshe leo.[27]

Mafoko a gagwe a bofelo kwa palamenteng ya kwa bophirima ka Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa 1959 a bua ka dikatlego tsa agagwe mo ofising gareng ga dingwaga tsa 1952 le 1959, di supa go bereka ka thata ga gagwe le dikatlgeo tsa gagwe jaaka motsamaisi.

Mo kganetsong

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Go tswa ka letsatsi pele ga boipuso, o ne a eteletse pele setlhopha sa Action e le moeteledipele wa kganetso mo palamenteng, a tlogela Samuel Ladoke Akintola e le tona wa kgaolo ya bophirima.[25] Tlhoka kutlwisisano gareng ga Awolowo le Akintola ya ka fa ba ka tsamaisang kgaolo ya bophirima ka teng di ne tsa baka gore Alowolo a dirisane le puso ya ga Tafawa Balewa ya NPC.[28] Mathata a molaomotheo a ne a baka go dira seemo sa tshoganyetso kwa kgaolong ya bophirima, mo go neng ga felela go baka go anama ga molao le tsamaiso.[29]

Ba kgaphetswe kwa thoko mo pusong, Awolowo le phathi ya gagwe ba ne ba nna mo dipharagobeng.[30] Ba ba setseng morago Akintola ba šhakgaditswe ke go seegelwa kwa thoko mo pusong, ba ne ba tlhama phathi ya sepolotiki ya Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDP) ka fa tlase ga taolo ya ga Akintola. Puso e ne e seegetse kwa thoko khuduthamaga ya bophirima e ne ya fetoga morago ga go tsenya Akintola le NNDP mo pusong ntle le go tlhopiwa.[31] Morago, Awolowo le bangwe ba ba ema nokeng ba gagwe ba ne ba tshwarwa ba lebisiwa molato wa boepapuso ka ba ne ba bereka le lefatshe la Ghana go thankgola puso,[32] ba ne ba isiwa kgolegelong ka fa tlase ga taolo ya ga Balewa.[33]

Jaaka moeteledipele wa lefatshe

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka ngwaga wa 1966, o ne a ntshiwa kwa kgolegelong a bo a itshwarelwa ke puso, morago a tsaya maemo a tona wa tsa madi. Mo maemong a, o ne a thusa go buisana ka ditshwanelo tsa kgwebo e e kopanetsweng, mo go tsa lookwane lo lo neng lo sa tswa go bonwa, ka jalo ga simologa masome a dingwaga tsa go phophoma ga lookwane le go tsisa khumo. O thusitse gape go dira maranyane a dituelo tsa lefatshe, mo go neng ga thusa mafatshe a e neng e le gone a dirwang go phophoma le go tswelela a le tent go tla go tsena gompieno. O filwe tlotla gape ya go fa ledi la Nigeria le lesha leina la Nigerian Naira, le le neng la simolodisiwa ka nako ya boeteledipele jwa gagwe.

Mabapi le go kganelwa ga Biafra ka nako e bana ba ka nna sedikadike ba morafe wa Igbo ba neng ba tlhokafala ka ntlha ya tlala, Awolowo o ne a inolwa are, "tsotlhe di siame mo ntweng, le tlala ke nngwe ya dibetsa tsa ntwa. Ga ke bone gore ke eng re tshwanetse go jesa mmaba wa rona, gore a re lwantshe thata".[34]

Fa e le ntlhopheng wa botautona

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka ngwaga wa 1979 le 1983, o ne a phadisanela botautona a le mo seraleng sa phathi ya Unity, mme a latlhegelwa ga fenya phathi ya kwa bokone ya National Party of Shehu Shagari. Ka ngwaga wa 1979, o ne a lwela go latlhegelwa ga gagwe kwa kgotlatshekelong, a direla lekgotla la ditlhopo tshekk ka ntlhopheng o a neng a fentse o ne a ka seke a re o fentse a sa fenya dikgaolo di le pedo mo go tse tharo mo go neng ha baka tshwetso ya kgotlatshekelo ya 1979, molaodi Fatai Williams e le ene a reeditseng kgang.

Tse a di tlogetseng

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka ngwaga wa 1992, mokgatlho wa Obafemi Owalowo o ne wa tlhamowa e le mokgatlho o o ikemetseng, o o sa direng dipoelo o maikaelelo a one e neng e le go tsweledisa molao le dithuto ka go rotloetsa tlhabololo ya lefatshe la Nigeria.[35] Mokgatlho o ne wa itsisiwe ke tautona wa Nigeria ka nako eo Ibrahim Babangida kwa lobaleng lwa metshameko lwa Liberty kwa Ibadan.[36] Le fa go ntse jalo, dimpho tsa gagwe tse di botlhokwa e ne e le setho sa gagwe, tlotla, seabe sa gagwe mo go emiseng kgatelelo ya bokolone le go lwela ditahwanelo ysa go ipusa le go ikemela le go lomaganya mafatshe a a tsepameng go agela kagisano ya Nigeria mokgoro.[37] Awolowo o tlhokafetse a sa sotlega kwa lolwapeng lwa gagwe kwa Ikenne, kwa ntlo lohalahaleng lwa Efunyela (e biditswe ka mmaagwe) ka kgwedi ya Motsheganong e le malatsi a robabongwe ngwaga wa 1987 a le dingwaga di le masome a supa le borobabobedi, o ne a bolokelwa kwa Ikenne, go  na le dipharologanyo tsa polotiki le tumelo.

Botshelo jwa gagwe

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Awolowo o nyetse Hannah Idowu Dideolu Adelana, o le ene a neng a tswa Ikenne, ka kgwedi ya Morule e le malatsi a le masome mabedi le boratari ka ngwaga wa 1937. Ba ne ba na le bana ba le batlhano, Olusegun Awolowo (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1938 a tlhokafala ka 1963), (rraagwe Segun Awolowo), Omotola Oyediran (o a neng a fana ka Awolowo pele ga lonyalo) (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1940  a tlhokafala ka 2020), Oluwole Awolowo (O o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1942 a tlhokafala ka 2013), Ayodele Soyode (o a neng a fana ka Awolowo pele ga lonyalo) (o o tshotsweng ka 1944 a tlhokafala ka 2011), mmaagwe muhamagadi wa bobedi wa Nigeria Dolapo Osinbajo le Tokunbu Awolowo-Dosunmu (o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1948).[38]

O mo leding la pampiri la lekgolo la Naira fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1999.[39][40]

Fa godimo ga maemo a mangwe a bogosi, kgosi Awolowo o ne a Odole Oouda wa Ile-Ice.[41]

  1. ↑ "AWOLOWO, Chief Obafemi Jeremiah Oyeniyi". Biographical Legacy and Research Foundation. 16 November 2016. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  2. ↑ Olalekan, falaye (18 May 2020). "See The PAPA AWOLOWO'S CAR That Toured The Whole 19 States During The 1979 And 1983 Presidential Campaign. |Nig24news". Nig24News. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2025
  3. ↑ "Federal Executive Council - Nigeria Embassy Turkey". embassynigeriaturkey.com. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  4. ↑ "Obafemi Awolowo: Awo of The West". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 6 March 2019. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  5. ↑ James Booth. Writers and politics in Nigeria. Africana Pub. Co., 1981, p. 52.
  6. ↑ "Awolowo: the Lost President and a Nation In Grief, By Toyin Falola". 14 February 2021. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  7. ↑ Olson, James Stuart; Shadle, Robert (1996). Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Greenwood Press. ISBN 978-0-313-29367-2.
  8. ↑ "Nigeria Imprisons Opposition Head for 10 Years; Chief Awolowo Found Guilty After Long Treason Trial 17 Other Prominent Figures Are Also Sentenced Police Guard City 'Tools in a Grand Design'". The New York Times. 12 September 1963. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  9. ↑ "The Generalissimo of western region's politics". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 8 March 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2025 [failed verification]
  10. ↑ Mailafia, Obadiah (25 May 2020). "Looming fiscal crisis and wisdom of Awolowo". Punch Newspapers. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  11. ↑ "PNF-Behandlungsverfahren", PNF in der Praxis, Springer-Verlag, pp. 5–22, 2005, doi:10.1007/3-540-27846-x_2, ISBN 3-540-23545-0
  12. ↑ "Obafemi Awolowo | Nigerian statesman | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 17 July 2025
  13. ↑ Nigerian Political Parties: Power in an Emergent African Nation, R. L. Sklar (2004), Africa World Press; ISBN 1-59221-209-3
  14. ↑ "Obafemi Awolowo". www.britannica.com. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  15. ↑ The Spirituality of the Igbo People of Nigeria as an Example of Religious Modernization in a Global World. LIT Verlag Münster. 18 February 2020. ISBN 9783643911094. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  16. ↑ "Awo's religious influences".
  17. 1 2 Glickman, Harvey (1992). Political Leaders of Contemporary Africa South of the Sahara: A Biographical Dictionary. Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313267819.
  18. ↑ "then British owned"
  19. ↑ Akosa, Amala (31 January 2018). "LIFES AND TIMES OF CHIEF OBAFEMI AWOLOWO". Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  20. ↑ Shillington, Kevin (2013). Encyclopedia of African History 3-Volume Set. Routledge. p. 197. ISBN 9781135456696.
  21. ↑ "About Us". Nigerian Tribune. Archived from the original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  22. ↑ Sherwood, Marika (1995). Manchester and the 1945 Pan-African Congress. London: Savannah Press. ISBN 0951972022.
  23. ↑ "Five Independence Day Heroes". The Guardian Nigeria News - Nigeria and World News. 1 October 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  24. ↑ the world
  25. 1 2 "IN MEMORIAM: Awo, the sage who named the naira, drew his last breath 30 years ago". TheCable. 9 May 2017. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  26. ↑ Case For Ideological Orientation, O. Awolo
  27. ↑ "Obafemi Awolowo: The Man With a Plan Archived 21 February 2008 at the Wayback Machine"
  28. ↑ "Obafemi Awolowo: Endowed with robust planning capacity, notable integrity, ardent nationalism …". Businessday NG. 14 January 2018. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  29. ↑ Olaiya, Taiwo Akanbi (1 April 2016). "Proto-Nationalisms as Sub-Text for the Crisis of Governance in Nigeria". SAGE Open. 6 (2): 215824401664313. doi:10.1177/2158244016643139. ISSN 2158-2440.
  30. ↑ sunnews (25 January 2017). "Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (6)". The Sun Nigeria. Retrieved 17 July 2025.
  31. ↑ "Accord concondiale: The continuous search for Nigeria's elusive unity and indivisibility (6)". The Sun Nigeria. 25 January 2017. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  32. ↑ Siollun, Max (2009). Oil, Politics and Violence: Nigeria's Military Coup Culture (1966-1976). Algora. p. 15. ISBN 9780875867090.
  33. ↑ Adventures in Power Book One: My March through Prison, O. Awolowo Macmillan Nigeria Publishers, 1985.
  34. ↑ Nweke, Obinna Chukwunenye (2023). "Hunger as a weapon of war: Biafra, social media and the politics of famine remembrance". Third World Quarterly. 45 (2): 314–331. doi:10.1080/01436597.2023.2182283. ISSN 0143-6597.
  35. ↑ "About OAF". www.obafemiawolowofoundation.org. Archived from the original on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
  36. ↑ "The Obafemi Awolowo Foundation". Archived from the original on 13 July 2012.
  37. ↑ "Obafemi Awolowo | Nigerian statesman". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
  38. ↑ "OBAFEMI AWOLOWO FOUNDATION BOOKS". www.obafemiawolowofoundation.com. Retrieved 18 July 2025.
  39. ↑ Nigeria 100 Naira 1999-2014 Bank note museum
  40. ↑ Nigeria 100 Naira 2014 & 2019, Banknote.ws. Accessed 18 July 2025.
  41. ↑ "Chieftaincy Title: Buhari Congratulates Adebutu". The Punch. 19 October 2019. Retrieved 18 July 2025
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