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Patrice Lumumba

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Patrice Lumumba
Photograph of Patrice Lumumba in 1960
Lumumba in 1960
1st Prime Minister of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
In office
24 June 1960 – 5 September 1960[lower-alpha 1]
PresidentJoseph Kasa-Vubu
DeputyAntoine Gizenga
Pele Ga GagweOffice established
Morago Ga GagweJoseph Iléo
1st Minister of National Defense
In office
24 June 1960 – 5 September 1960
Prime MinisterHimself
Pele Ga GagweOffice established
Morago Ga GagweFerdinand Kazadi[lower-alpha 2]
Ka Ga Ena
O tsetsweIsaïe Tasumbu Tawosa
(1925-07-02)2 Phukwi 1925
Katakokombe, Congo-Kasaï, Belgian Congo[lower-alpha 3]
O Tlhokafetse17 Ferikgong 1961(1961-01-17) (aged 35)
near Élisabethville, State of Katanga[lower-alpha 4]
O Bolaile KeAssassination by firing squad
MokgatlhoMNC
Mo/Bakapelo
​
(m. 1951)​
Bana

Patrice Émery Lumumba[e] (/pəˈtriːs lʊˈmʊmbə/ (i) pə-TREESS luu-MUUM-bə;[2] a tshotswe e le Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa;[3] Phukwi a le gabedi ka 1925 – Firikgong a le lesome le bosupa 1961) e ne e le lepolotiki la Congo le moeteledipele wa boipuso yo o neng a dira jaaka tonakgolo ya ntlha ya Democratic Republic of the Congo (ka nako eo e neng e itsege jaaka Rephaboliki ya Congo) go tloga ka Seetebosigo go fitlha ka Lwetse 1960, morago ga ditlhopho tsa Motsheganong 1960. E ne e le moeteledipele wa Congo National Movement (MNC) go tloga ka 1958 go fitlha a bolawa ka 1961. Ka kgopolo e ne e le motshegetsi wa bosetshaba wa Aforika le motshegetsi wa Aforika yotlhe, o ne a nna le seabe se se botlhokwa mo phetogong ya Congo go tswa mo koloneng ya Belgium go nna rephaboliki e e ikemetseng.

Moragonyana fela ga boipuso jwa Congo ka Seetebosigo 1960, go ne ga tsoga khuduego mo sesoleng, e leng tshimologo ya Mathata a Congo. Morago ga go menola puso, Lumumba o ne a leka go tshabela kwa Stanleyville go ikopanya le barotloetsi ba gagwe ba ba neng ba tlhomile puso e ntsha e e neng e le kgatlhanong le Mobutu e e neng e bidiwa Free Republic of the Congo. Lumumba o ne a tshwarwa mo tseleng ke balaodi ba puso ka fa tlase ga Joseph-Désiré Mobutu (Sese Seko), a romelwa kwa kgaolong ya Katanga mme, ka thuso ya bagwebi ba kwa Belgium, a bogisiwa le go bolawa ke balaodi ba Katanga ba Moïse Tshombe. Ka 2002, Belgium e ne ya kopa maitshwarelo semmuso ka ntlha ya seabe sa yone mo polaong, e amogela "maikarabelo a boitsholo", mme ka 2022, ba ne ba busetsa leino la ga Lumumba mo lelapeng la gagwe. O tsewa e le moswelatumelo wa mokgatlho wa Africa Yotlhe.

Botshelo jwa pele le tiro

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Patrice Lumumba o tshotswe ka Phukwi a le gabedi ka 1925 e le Isaïe Tasumbu Tawosa ngwana wa ga Julienne Wamato Lomendja le monna wa gagwe, François Tolenga Otetshima, molemirui, kwa Onalua, mo kgaolong ya Katakokombe mo kgaolong ya Kasai ya Belgian Congo.[4][5] E ne e le leloko la morafe wa Tetela, koo a neng a bidiwa ka leina la Élias Okit'Asombo.[6] Sefane sa gagwe sa kwa tshimologong le raya "mojaboswa wa ba ba hutsitsweng" mme le tserwe mo mafokong a Tetela okitá/okitɔ́ ('mojaboswa', 'motlhatlhami')[7] le asombó ('batho ba ba hutsitsweng kgotsa ba ba hutsitsweng ba ba tla swa ka bonako').[8] O ne a na le bomorwarraagwe ba le bararo (Charles Lokolonga, Émile Kalema, le Louis Onema Pene Lumumba) le morwarraagwe a le mongwe (Jean Tolenga).[4] O godisitswe mo lelapeng la Roma, o ne a rutwa kwa sekolong se se botlana sa Protestant, sekolo sa borongwa sa Roma, mme kwa bofelong kwa sekolong sa katiso ya poso ya puso, koo a neng a pasa thuto ya ngwaga o le mongwe ka tse di tsididi. O ne a itsege ka go nna mosimane yo o botlhale, yo o neng a supa diphoso tsa barutabana ba gagwe fa pele ga balekane ba gagwe. [9] Go ipuela fela mo e ne e tla tla go tlhalosa botshelo jwa gagwe le tiro ya gagwe. Lumumba o ne a bua Tetela, French, Lingala, Swahili le Tshiluba.[4]

Senepe sa Lumumba, c. 1950s

Kwa ntle ga dithuto tsa gagwe tsa ka metlha, Lumumba o ne a kgatlhegela dikakanyo tsa Sedimo tsa ga Jean-Jacques Rousseau le Voltaire. Gape o ne a rata Molière le Victor Hugo. O ne a kwala poko, mme bontsi jwa ditiro tsa gagwe di ne di na le dithitokgang tse di kgatlhanong le bokolone. O ne a dira jaaka morekisi wa biri yo o tsamayang kwa Léopoldville le jaaka mokwaledi wa poso kwa Stanleyville dingwaga di le lesome le bongwe. Lumumba o ne a nyetse makgetlho a mararo. O ne a nyala Henriette Maletaua ngwaga morago ga go goroga kwa Stanleyville; ba ne ba tlhalana ka 1947. Mo go one ngwaga oo, o ne a nyala Hortense Sombosia, mme botsalano jono le jone bo ne jwa phutlhama. O ne a simolola go ratana le Pauline Kie. Fa a ne a sena bana le basadi ba gagwe ba ntlha ba babedi, botsalano jwa gagwe le Kie bo ne jwa felela ka morwa, François Lumumba. Le fa a ne a nna gaufi le Kie go fitlha a swa, Lumumba o ne a feleletsa a feditse kgang ya bone go nyala Pauline Opangu ka 1951.[10]

Mo pakeng e e latelang Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya bobedi, baeteledipele ba basha go ralala Aforika ba ne ba oketsega go direla maikaelelo a bosetshaba le boipuso go tswa mo dipusong tsa bokolone. Ka 1952 o ne a thapiwa go dira jaaka mothusi wa sebele wa moithutaloago wa Mofora Pierre Clément, yo o neng a dira patlisiso ka Stanleyville. Mo ngwageng oo gape o ne a simolola mme morago ga moo a nna tautona wa kgaolo ya Stanleyville ya Mokgatlho wa Baithuti ba Bogologolo ba Scheut (ADAPÉS), mokgatlho wa baithuti ba nako e e fetileng wa baithuti ba nako e e fetileng kwa dikolong tsa Scheut, le fa a ne a ise a ke a tsene kwa go one. Ka 1955, Lumumba o ne a nna tlhogo ya kgaolo ya Cercles ya Stanleyville mme a tsenela Mokgatlho wa Liberal wa Belgium. O ne a rulaganya le go anamisa dibuka tsa lekoko. Magareng ga 1956 le 1957 o ne a kwala buka ya gagwe ya botshelo (e e neng ya gatisiwa morago ga loso lwa gagwe ka 1962). [motswedi o o sa ikanyegeng?] Morago ga loeto lwa go ithuta kwa Belgium ka 1956, o ne a tshwarwa ka ditatofatso tsa go utswa $2500 go tswa kwa ofising ya poso. O ne a bonwa molato mme morago ga ngwaga a atlholelwa dikgwedi di le lesome le bobedi kwa kgolegelong le go duedisiwa.[11]

Metswedi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]


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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Zeilig 2015, Section: Wives, lovers and children.
  2. ↑ "Lumumba". Collins English Dictionary. Archived from the original on 16 October 2019. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.
  3. ↑ Mulumba 2019, p. 251. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Kanyarwunga 2006, p. 76. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.
  5. ↑ Zeilig 2015, Section: Early years: life in Onalua. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.
  6. ↑ Fabian 1996, p. 73. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.
  7. ↑ Hagendorens 1975, pp. 275–276. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.
  8. ↑ Hagendorens 1975, pp. 309, 371. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.
  9. ↑ Zeilig 2015, p. 23. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le borataro ka 2025.
  10. ↑ Zeilig 2015, Section: Wives, lovers and children. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.
  11. ↑ Patrice Lumumba at the Encyclopædia Britannica. E nopotswe Seetebosigo a le lesome le boraro ka 2025.
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