Pelo
Tempolete:Infobox anatomyPelo ke serwe sa ditshika mo diphologolong di le dintsi, se se pompang madi mo ditshikaneng tsa madi tsa thulaganyo ya tikologo ya madi.[1] Madi a a pompiwang a isa okosejene le dikotla kwa mmeleng, fa a ntse a isa matlakala a metaboliki a a tshwanang le khabonetaeokosaete kwa mafatlheng . [2] Mo bathong, pelo e ka nna botona jwa seatla se se tswetsweng mme e fa gare ga mafatlha, mo karolong e e fa gare ya sehuba.[3]
Mo bathong, diamusi tse dingwe, le dinonyane, pelo e kgaogantswe ka diphaposi di le nne: atria e e kwa godimo ya molema le ya moja le ventricles e e kwa tlase ya molema le ya moja.[4][5] Gantsi atriamo ya moja le ventirikele di bidiwa mmogo pelo ya moja mme tse di tshwanang le tsa tsona tsa molema di bidiwa pelo ya molema . [6] Ditlhapi tsone di na le diphaposi tse pedi, e leng atrium le ventricle, fa digagabi tsone di na le diphaposi di le tharo.[5] Mo pelong e e itekanetseng madi a elela ka tsela e le nngwe mo pelong ka ntlha ya dibelofo tsa pelo, tse di thibelang go elela ga madi morago.[3] Pelo e tswaletswe mo kgetsaneng e e sireletsang, e leng pericardium, e gape e nang le selekanyo se sennye sa seeledi . Lebota la pelo le na le dikarolo di le tharo: pelo e e kwa godimo, pelo e e kwa teng, le pelo e e kwa teng.[7]
Pelo e pompa madi ka moribo o o laolwang ke setlhopha sa disele tse di dirang gore pelo e itaye mo noutu ya sinoatrial . Tseno di ntsha motlakase o o dirang gore pelo e ngotlege, o o tsamayang mo noteng ya atrioventricular le mo thulaganyong ya go tsamaisa motlakase ya pelo . Pelo e amogela madi a a nang le okosejene e nnye go tswa mo go tsamaiseng madi, a a tsenang mo atrium e e kafa mojeng go tswa mo venae cavae e e kwa godimo le e e kwa tlase mme a fetela kwa ventricle e e kafa mojeng . Go tswa fa e pompelwa go tsena mo tikologong ya makgwafo, ka makgwafo kwa e amogelang okosejene gone le go ntsha khabonetaeokosaete . Madi a a nang le okosejene a bo a boela kwa atrium ya molema, a feta mo ventricle ya molema mme a pompiwa go tswa ka tshika ya aorta go ya kwa go dikologeng ga madi mo thulaganyong−kwa okosejene e dirisiwang gone le go fetolwa go nna khabonetaeokosaete. [8] Pelo e itaya ka lobelo lwa go ikhutsa lo lo gaufi le go itaya ga 72 ka motsotso. [9] Go ikatisa go oketsa seelo ka nakwana, fela go fokotsa go itaya ga pelo fa o ikhutsa mo pakeng e telele, mme go siametse boitekanelo jwa pelo. [10]
Malwetse a pelo le methapo (CVD) ke one a a bakang dintsho tse di tlwaelegileng thata lefatshe ka bophara go tloga ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabibedi , mme a dira 30% ya dintsho.[11][12] Mo go tseno dikotara di feta tharo ke ditlamorago tsa bolwetse jwa ditshika tsa pelo le seterouku.[11] Mabaka a a kotsi a akaretsa: go goga motsoko, go nna le boima jo bo feteletseng, go sa ikatise thata, kholeseterole e e kwa godimo, kgatelelo e kgolo ya madi, le bolwetse jwa sukiri jo bo sa laolegeng sentle, gareng ga tse dingwe.[13] Malwetse a pelo le methapo gantsi ga a na matshwao kgotsa a ka baka setlhabi mo sehubeng kgotsa go tlhaela mowa . Go tlhatlhoba bolwetse jwa pelo gantsi go dirwa ka go tsaya ditso tsa kalafi, go reetsa medumo ya pelo ka setethosekopo, ECG, le ultrasound.[3] Bomankge ba ba tlhomang mogopolo mo malwetseng a pelo ba bidiwa dingaka tsa pelo, le fa gone ditsebi tse dintsi tsa kalafi di ka tswa di amega mo kalafing.[12]Tempolete:Listen
Ditshupiso
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ Taber, Clarence Wilbur; Venes, Donald (2009). Taber's cyclopedic medical dictionary. F. A. Davis Co. pp. 1018–1023. ISBN 978-0-8036-1559-5.
- ↑ Guyton & Hall 2011, p. 157.
- 1 2 3 Moore, Keith L.; Dalley, Arthur F.; Agur, Anne M. R. (2009). "1". Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Wolters Kluwel Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 127–173. ISBN 978-1-60547-652-0.
- ↑ Starr, Cecie; Evers, Christine; Starr, Lisa (2009). Biology: Today and Tomorrow With Physiology. Cengage Learning. p. 422. ISBN 978-0-495-56157-6. Archived from the original on 2 Motsheganong 2016.
- 1 2 Reed, C. Roebuck; Brainerd, Lee Wherry; Lee, Rodney; Inc, the staff of Kaplan (2008). CSET : California Subject Examinations for Teachers (3rd ed.). New York: Kaplan Pub. p. 154. ISBN 978-1-4195-5281-6. Archived from the original on 4 Motsheganong 2016.
- ↑ Gray's Anatomy 2008, p. 960.
- ↑ Betts, J. Gordon (2013). Anatomy & physiology. pp. 787–846. ISBN 978-1-938168-13-0. Archived from the original on 27 February 2021. Retrieved 11 August 2014.
- ↑ Guyton & Hall 2011, pp. 101, 157.
- ↑ Guyton & Hall 2011, pp. 105–107.
- ↑ Guyton & Hall 2011, pp. 1039–1041.
- 1 2 "Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) Fact sheet N°317 March 2013". WHO. World Health Organization. Archived from the original on 19 Lwetse 2014. Retrieved 20 Lwetse 2014.
- 1 2 Longo, Dan; Fauci, Anthony; Kasper, Dennis; Hauser, Stephen; Jameson, J.; Loscalzo, Joseph (2011). Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine (18 ed.). McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 1811. ISBN 978-0-07-174889-6.
- ↑ Graham, I; Atar, D; Borch-Johnsen, K; Boysen, G; Burell, G; Cifkova, R; Dallongeville, J; De Backer, G; Ebrahim, S; Gjelsvik, B; Herrmann-Lingen, C; Hoes, A; Humphries, S; Knapton, M; Perk, J (Oct 2007). "European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: executive summary: Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and Other Societies on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts)" (PDF). European Heart Journal. 28 (19): 2375–2414. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm316. PMID 17726041. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 30 July 2020.