Phetogo ya Haiti
Phetogo ya Haiti (French: Révolution haïtienne [ʁevɔlysjɔ̃ a.isjɛn] kana Guerre de l'indépendance; Haitian Creole: Lagè d Lendependans) e ne e le tsogologo e e atlegileng ya makgoba a a ikgolotseng kgatlhanong le puso ya bokolone ya Fora kwa Saint-Domingue, e jaanong e leng naga e e ikemetseng ya Haiti.[1] Phetogo e e ne e le yone fela e e itsegeng ya go tsogologela bokgoba mo ditsong tsa batho e e neng ya isa kwa go tlhomiweng ga puso e e neng e se na bokgoba (le fa e ne e se ya go thoka go pereko ya pateletso)[2] mme e busiwa ke batho ba e seng basweu le batshwarwa ba pele.[3]
Tsogologo e e simolotse ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bobedi ka 1791,[4] mme ya felela ka 1804 ka go tsaya boipuso jwa kolone e ya pele. E ne e na le batsayakarolo ba bantsho, ba merafe e mebedi, Bafora, Ba-Spain, Maboritane le Ba-Poland, mme Toussaint Louverture yo e neng e le lekgoba la pele e ne a ipaa kwa pele e nna ramasole yo o itsegeng thata kwa Haiti. Phetogo e e atlegileng e ne e le nako e e botlhokwa mo ditsong tsa Lefatshe la Atlantic[5][6] mme ditlamorago tsa phetogo e mo motheong wa bokgoba di ne tsa utlwala go ralala mafatshe a Amerika. Go khutla ga puso ya Sefora le go fedisiwa ga bokgoba mo koloneng e ya pele go ne ga latelwa ke katlego ya go sireletsa dikgololosego tse makgoba a pele a neng a di bone, le ka tirisanommogo ya batho ba ba neng ba setse ba gololesegile ba mmala, go ikemela ga bone go tswa go Bayuropa ba basweu.[7][8][9]
Phetogo e e ne e le khuduego e kgolo go gaisa ya makgoba fa e sale tsogologo ya ga Spartacus kgatlhanong le Rephaboliki ya Roma dingwaga di ka nna 1,900 pele ga foo,[10] mme e gwetlha ditumelo tsa Yuropa tse di sa bolong go nna teng ka ga bonyatsegi jwa bantsho le ka ga bokgoni jwa makgoba go fitlhelela le go boloka kgololesego ya bona. Bokgoni jwa ditsuolodi jwa go rulaganya le go nna le boitshoko ka fa tlase ga kgatelelo di ne tsa tlhotlheletsa dikgang tse di neng tsa hakgamatsa le go tshosa beng ba makgoba molefatsheng.[11]
Fa go bapisiwa le diphetogo tse dingwe tsa Atlantic, ditiragalo tsa Haiti di amogetse tsibogelo e nnye ya setshaba fa re leba kwa morago: raditso Michel-Rolph Trouillot o tlhalosa ditso tsa Phetogo ya Haiti e le "e e didimaditsweng" ke ya Phetogo ya Fora.[12][13][14]
Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ Igawa, Momoko; Kato, Makoto (2017). "A new species of hermit crab, Diogenes heteropsammicola (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura, Diogenidae), replaces a mutualistic sipunculan in a walking coral symbiosis". PLOS ONE. 12 (9): e0184311. Bibcode:2017PLoSO..1284311I. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184311. hdl:2433/227462. PMC 5606932. PMID 28931020. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola gararo ka 2025.
- ↑ Ghachem, Malick W.; Danforth, Susan. "The Other Revolution". John Carter Brown Library. Brown University. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola gararo ka 2025.
- ↑ Franklin W. Knight (February 2000). "The Haitian Revolution". The American Historical Review. 105 (1): 103–115. doi:10.2307/2652438. JSTOR 2652438. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola gararo ka 2025.
- ↑ Adam Hochschild (2005). Bury the Chains. Houghton Mifflin. p. 257. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola malatsi a mararo ka 2025.
- ↑ "Why Haiti should be at the centre of the Age of Revolution – Laurent Dubois". Aeon Essays. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola gararo ka 2025.
- ↑ Joseph, Celucien L. (2012). "'The Haitian Turn': An Appraisal of Recent Literary and Historiographical Works on the Haitian Revolution". Journal of Pan African Studies. 5 (6): 37–55. E nopotswe ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e tlhola gararo ka 2025.
- ↑ Taber, Robert D. (2015). "Navigating Haiti's History: Saint-Domingue and the Haitian Revolution". History Compass. 13 (5): 235–250. doi:10.1111/hic3.12233. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a tlhola gararo ka 2025.
- ↑ Bongie, Chris (2008). Friends and Enemies: The Scribal Politics of Post/colonial Literature. Liverpool, UK: Liverpool University Press. p. 45. ISBN 978-1846311420. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a tlhola gararo ka 2025.
- ↑ Curtis Comstock, Sandra (2012). Incorporating Comparisons in the Rift: Making Use of Cross-Place Events and Histories in Moments of World Historical Change, a chapter in Anna Amelina, Beyond methodological nationalism: research methodologies for cross-border studies. Taylor and Francis. pp. 183–185. ISBN 978-0-415-89962-8. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ka 2025.
- ↑ Vulliamy, Ed, ed. (28 August 2010). "The 10 best revolutionaries". The Guardian. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ka 2025.
- ↑ Philip James Kaisary (2008). The Literary Impact of the Haitian Revolution, PhD dissertation. University of Warwick. pp. 8–10. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mararo ka 2025.
- ↑ Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History.
- ↑ Marlene Daut, Tropics of Haiti.
- ↑ Hoel, 2021-et-la-revolution-francaise. E nopotswe ka Seetebosigo a le gararo ka 2025.