Poland Act
Molao wa Poland (18 Stat. 253) wa 1874 e ne e le molao wa United States Congress o o neng o leka go nolofatsa ditatofatso ka fa tlase ga Molao wa Morrill wa go Thibela go Tsena mo Lenyalong la Bobedi ka go fedisa taolo ya maloko a Kereke ya ga Jeso Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo (LDS Church) e e neng e le mo tsamaisong ya bosiamisi ya Utah Territory. E ne ya tshegediwa ke moemedi wa United States e bong Luke P. Molao ono o ne wa dira gore dikgotlatshekelo tsa kwa Utah di nne le taolo e e feletseng mo Utah Territory mo dikgannyeng tsotlhe tsa semolao le tsa bosenyi. Gape Molao ono o ne wa tlosa mookamedi wa kgaolo le mmueledi mme ditiro tsa bone di ne tsa newa mookamedi wa kgaolo ya U.S. Motlhankedi wa Mmusimogolo le moemedi wa puso ya United States Mmueledi. Molao ono gape o ne wa fetola melao ya go dira gore ba ba nyetseng basadi ba bantsi ba se ka ba nna mo setlhopheng sa baatlhodi. Ka go tlosa Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo mo maemong a taolo mo tsamaisong ya boatlhodi ya kwa Utah, Molao ono o ne o diretswe go dira gore go atlege go sekisa ba ba nyetseng basadi ba bantsi ba Ba-Mormon.
Bomorago
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Ka 1862, Tautona ya United States e bong Abraham Lincoln o ne a saena molao o o kgatlhanong le go nyala lefufa o o neng o itsege e le Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act, mme o ne o sa dirisiwe ka tsela e e gagametseng kgatlhanong le Ba-Mormon kwa Utah Territory. "Molao ono o ne o le kgatlhanong le go nyala lefufa le taolo ya Kereke ka go iletsa go nyala lefufa mo dikgaolong tseno, o kgaoganya [...] Kereke, le go lekanyetsa gore Kereke e nne le dithoto tsa diranta di le dikete di le masome a matlhano". [1]Ba-Mormon, ba ne ba dumela gore molao o ne o ba amoga tshwanelo ya bone ya go obamela bodumedi jwa bone ka kgololesego go ya ka Molaotheo wa Ntlha, mme ba ne ba tlhopha go itlhokomolosa molao oo.
Mo dingwageng tse di latelang, melawana e le mmalwa e e neng e ikaeletse go nonotsha melao e e kgatlhanong le go nyala lefufa e ne ya palelwa ke go fetisiwa ke Kongerese ya United States. E ne e akaretsa Melao ya Wade, Cragin, le Cullom, e e neng ya simologa kwa Kgaolong ya Utah mme e ne e simolotswe ke banna ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong thata le setlhopha sa baruti ba Ba-Mormon. Molao wa ga Wade, o o neng wa tlhongwa ka 1866, o ka bo o sentse puso ya selegae fa o ka bo o ile wa fetisiwa. Dingwaga di le tharo morago ga moo, go ne ga dirwa Molaotlhomo wa ga Cragin, mme mo malatsing a le mmalwa fela, o ne wa emisediwa ka Molaotlhomo wa ga Cullom, o o neng o le bogale thata go feta wa ga Wade le wa ga Cragin. Maloko a kereke a ne a dira gore molao o o tlosiwe, go akaretsa le basadi ba kereke, ba ba neng ba tshwara dikokoano tsa bontsi go ralala naga ka Ferikgong 1870 kgatlhanong le molao o.[2]
Frank J. Cannon o ne a bolela jaana: "Brigham o ne a se na bothata jwa go rulaganya gore go nne le kganetso kwa gae kgatlhanong le molao wa ga Cullom, o mo go one Baditšhaba, Ba-Godbeite le Ba-Mormon ba ba dumelang thata mo thutong ya bone ya motheo ba neng ba ema mmogo. Basadi ba kwa Utah ba ne ba dira boipelaetso jo bo kgethegileng. Boammaaruri jwa gore basadi kwa Utah ba ne ba na le tshwanelo ya go tlhopha ka 1870 - nngwe ya mafelo a le mabedi fela mo United States yotlhe koo basadi ba neng ba kgona go tlhopha ka nako eo[3] - e ne ya dira gore ditshupetso di nne le boima le go tsewa tsia. Tlhotlheletso ya ditsala tsa seporo le tsa thelekerese le yone e ne ya kopiwa gore e ganetse molao ono. Ga go ka ke ga tlhomamisiwa gore a go ne ga dirisiwa mekgwa e e bonalang ya go tlhotlheletsa ka tsela e e bonalang, le fa gone bangwe ba ditsala tsa ga Brigham le ba ba neng ba mo sireletsa ka nako eo ba ne ba sa kgone go laola tlhotlheletso ya madi fela jaaka Brigham le ene a ne a sa kgone go e laola. Le fa go ntse jalo, molao wa Cullom o ne wa nyelela ka ntlha ya go itlhokomolosa dilo ka boomo, mme naga e ne ya nna e se na matshosetsi ano a a kotsi a a neng a tshosetsa boipuso jwa yone". [4]
Ditlamorago
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Go ya ka Molao wa Poland, lenaane la baatlhodi le ne le tshwanetse go dirwa ke tlelereke ya kgotlatshekelo ya kgaolo (yo ka nako eo e neng e se Momone) le moatlhodi wa Kgotlatshekelo ya Probate (yo e neng e le Momone) gore maloko a kereke le ba e seng maloko a kereke ba nne le kemedi e e lekanang mo ditlhopheng tsa baatlhodi. Ka bonako fela, mosekisi wa puso ya United States o ne a leka go isa baeteledipele ba ba eteletseng pele ba kereke kwa kgotlatshekelo mme o ne a nna le mathata. Baeteledipele ba le bantsi ba kereke ba ne ba setse ba nyetse pele molao oo o fetisiwa ka 1862 mme ba ne ba ka se sekisiwe morago ga moo. Mo godimo ga moo, basadi ba ne ba sa patelesege go neela bosupi kgatlhanong le banna ba bone, mme direkoto tsa manyalo a batho ba ba nyetseng basadi ba bantsi di ne di bolokiwa mo sephiring mo Ntlong ya Dimpho.
Morago ga gore Mmueledi wa United States e bong William Carey a solofetse gore o tla emisa maiteko a gagwe a go latofatsa balaodi ka kakaretso ka nako ya kgetsi ya teko e e neng e tla tlisiwa fa pele ga Kgotlatshekelo ya Makgaolakgang ya United States go bona gore a molao o o kgatlhanong le go nyala lefufa o kafa molaong, baeteledipele ba kereke ba ne ba dumela go mo latofatsa. Boporesidente jwa Ntlha bo ne jwa kopa George Reynolds wa dingwaga tse 32, yo e neng e le mokwaledi mo ofising ya Moporesidente wa Kereke, yo o neng a sa tswa go nyala mosadi wa bobedi, gore a emele kereke mo dikgotlatshekelong. Reynolds o ne a dumela go direla, a naya mmueledi bosupi jo bontsi jo bo neng bo ka supa gore o ne a nyetse basadi ba le babedi, mme o ne a latofadiwa ka go nyala basadi ba le babedi ke setlhopha se segolo sa baatlhodi ka October 23, 1874. Fa Carey a ne a sa diragatse tsholofetso ya gagwe mme a tshwara George Q. Cannon, baeteledipele ba kereke ba ne ba swetsa gore ga ba kitla ba tlhola ba dirisana mmogo le ene.[5]
Ka 1875, Reynolds o ne a bonwa molato mme a atlholelwa dingwaga di le pedi tsa go dira tiro e e bokete kwa kgolegelong le go duedisiwa madi a a kana ka diranta di le makgolo a matlhano. Ka 1876, Kgotlatshekelo ya Makgaolakgang ya Kgaolo ya Utah e ne ya tshegetsa katlholo eo. Kgetsi ya gagwe ya 1878 ya Reynolds v. Boikuelo jwa United States bo ne jwa fitlha kwa Kgotlatshekelong ya Makgaolakgang ya United States, e e neng ya atlhola ka January 1879 gore molao o o kgatlhanong le go nyala lefufa o tsamaisana le molaotheo mme ya tshegetsa katlholo ya ga Reynold ya go tsenngwa mo kgolegelong (e ne ya phimola dikotlhao tsa go duedisiwa madi a mantsi le go dira tiro e e boima). Reynolds o ne a gololwa mo kgolegelong ka Ferikgong 1881 mme o ne a saletswe ke dikgwedi di le lesome le borobedi tsa katlholo ya gagwe ya kwa tshimologong.[6]
Metswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ Gustive O. Larson, "Government, Politics, and Conflict" in Richard D. Poll et al., eds., Utah's History, 2d ed. (Logan, Utah: Utah State University Press, 1989),p. 244
- ↑ Joseph Fielding Smith, Essentials in Church History, 27th ed. (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book Co., 1974), p. 444
- ↑ White, Jean Bickmore (Fall 1974). "Women's Suffrage in Utah". Utah History to Go. Utah.gov. Archived from the original on 23 November 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2016.
- ↑ Frank J. Cannon and George L. Knapp, Brigham Young and his Mormon Empire, 1913, p.
- ↑ Larson, "Government, Politics, and Conflict," pp. 252, 254.
- ↑ Bruce A. Van Orden, "George Reynolds: Secretary, Sacrificial Lamb, and Seventy," Ph.D. diss., Brigham Young University, 1986, pp. 53, 57–62, 71, 76–77, 80–86, 103, 108