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Puo ya Proto-Bantu

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Proto-Bantu ke mogologolwane yo o tlwaelegileng yo o agilweng sešwa wa dipuo tsa Bantu, setlhotshwana sa dipuo tsa Bantoid tsa Borwa. [1]Go akanngwa gore kwa tshimologong e ne e buiwa kwa Afrika Bophirima/Bogare mo lefelong le jaanong le bidiwang Cameroon.[2] Dingwaga di ka nna 6 000 tse di fetileng, e ne ya kgaogana le Bantoid ya Proto-Southern fa katoloso ya Bantu e ne e simolola kwa borwa le kwa botlhaba.[3] Go tlhagisitswe dikgopolo tse pedi ka ga tsela e dipuo di neng tsa atologa ka yone: e nngwe ke gore batho ba ba buang Sebantu ba ne ba fudugela pele kwa kgaolong ya Congo mme morago ga moo lekala le ne la kgaogana mme la fudugela kwa Afrika Botlhaba; e nngwe (e e ka nnang teng thata) ke gore ditlhopha tse pedi tseno di ne tsa kgaogana go tswa kwa tshimologong, e nngwe e ne ya fudugela kwa kgaolong ya Congo, mme e nngwe ya ya kwa Afrika Botlhaba.[4]

Fela jaaka dipuo tse dingwe tsa proto, ga go na rekoto ya Se-Proto-Bantu. Mafoko a yone le tsela e e bidiwang ka yone di agilwe sesha ke baitseanape ba puo. Go tswa mo tlotlofokong e e tlwaelegileng e e agilweng sešwa mo motheong wa dipuo tsa gompieno tsa Bantu, go bonala fa temothuo, go tshwara ditlhapi, le tiriso ya dikepe di ne di setse di itsege mo bathong ba Bantu pele ga katoloso ya bona e simolola, fela go dira tshipi go ne go sa ntse go sa itsiwe. Se se baya letlha la tshimologo ya katoloso golo gongwe magareng ga 3000 BC le 800 BC.[5]

Pono ya batho ba le mmalwa e dira gore go belaelwe gore a Seporoto-Bantu, jaaka puo e e kopaneng, tota se ne se le teng mo nakong ya pele ga katoloso ya Bantu, kgotsa a Seporoto-Bantu e ne e se puo e le nngwe mme e le setlhopha sa dipuo tse di amanang le yone. Moithuti mongwe, Roger Blench, o kwala jaana: "Kgang e e tswang mo thutapuong e e bapisiwang e e golaganyang dipuo tse di farologaneng thata tsa kgaolo A le go agiwa sešwa ga mmatota ga e yo. Bontsi jwa dipuo tse di bolelwang gore ke tsa Se-Bantu di lekanyeditswe fela mo ditlhotshwaneng tse di rileng, kgotsa di netefaditswe thata kwa ntle ga setlhopha sa Ac sa Bantule."[6] e e kopanyang palo ya malapa a puo a mannye a kwa bofelong e leng a lelapa la puo (le legolo thata) la Bantoid ya Borwa.

Nagagae ya Proto-Bantu e ka tswa e ne e le mo dintlheng tsa sekgwa sa dithaba go dikologa dinoka tsa Sanaga le Nyong kwa Borwa jwa Cameroon.[7] [8]Pele go ne go akanngwa gore Se-Bantu sa bogologolo se simolotse golo gongwe mo kgaolong e e mo molelwaneng o o fa gare ga Nigeria le Cameroon. Le fa go ntse jalo, dipatlisiso tse dišwa di senotse gore go ka direga thata gore e ne e le lefelo la ntlha la Bantoid ya Proto-Borwa, pele ga e anama go ya kwa borwa go tsena mo Cameroon nako e telele pele ga Proto-Bantu e tlhagelela.[9][10]

  1. Erhet & Posnansky, eds. (1982), Newman (1995)
  2. Dimmendaal, Gerrit J. (2011). Historical Linguistics and the Comparative Study of African Languages, pp. 337ff.
  3. Newman (1995), Shillington (2005)
  4. Newman (1995), Shillington (2005)
  5. Vansina (1995) quoted by Schadeberg, T. C. in Nurse, D. & Philippson, G. (eds) (2006) The Bantu Languages, p. 160.
  6. Blench, Roger [1]. Paper circulated before the Niger-Congo conference of September 2012.
  7. Bostoen, Koen; Clist, Bernard; Doumenge, Charles; Grollemund, Rebecca; Hombert, Jean-Marie; Muluwa, Joseph Koni; Maley, Jean (2015). "Middle to Late Holocene Paleoclimatic Change and the Early Bantu Expansion in the Rain Forests of Western Central Africa". Current Anthropology. 56 (3): 354–384. doi:10.1086/681436. JSTOR 10.1086/681436. S2CID 129501938.
  8. Bradshaw, Richard; Fandos-Rius, Juan (27 May 2016). Historical Dictionary of the Central African Republic. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9780810879928.
  9. Asher, R. E.; Moseley, Christopher (19 April 2018). Atlas of the World's Languages. Routledge. ISBN 9781317851097.
  10. Grollemund, R.; Branford, S.; Bostoen, K.; Meade, A.; Venditti, C.; Pagel, M. (2015). "Bantu expansion shows that habitat alters the route and pace of human dispersals". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (43): 13296–13501. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11213296G. doi:10.1073/pnas.1503793112. PMC 4629331. PMID 26371302.