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Second Manifesto

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"Manifesto ya Bobedi" e ne e le polelo ya 1904 e e neng ya dirwa ke Joseph F. Smith, moporesidente wa Kereke ya Jesu Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo (LDS Church), mo Smith a neng a bolela gore kereke e ne e sa tlhole e letlelela manyalo a a neng a tlola melao ya naga mme a tlhoma molawana wa gore ba ba tsenang mo lenyalong la go nyala lefufa ba tla kgaolwa mo kerekeng.[1]

Ka 1890, poresidente wa kereke Wilford Woodruff o ne a ntsha Manifesto ya ntlha, e mo go yone a neng a emisa tlwaelo e e sa bolong go nna teng ya Kereke ya LDS ya go nyala lefufa. Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga Manifesto, go ne ga bonala sentle gore maloko a le mmalwa a kereke, go akaretsa le maloko a Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, ba ne ba tswelela go tsena mo lenyalong la go nyala lefufa kgotsa go le dira.[2][3][4]Smith o ne a ntsha Manifesto ya Bobedi gaufi le tshimologo ya ditheetso tsa Reed Smoot, ditheetso tsa United States Congress ka ga gore a moaposetoloi wa LDS Church Reed Smoot o tshwanetse go letlelelwa go nna jaaka mosenatoro wa United States go tswa kwa Utah; baganetsi ba Smoot ba ne ba bolela gore kgotlelelo e e tswelelang pele ya LDS Church kgotsa kgothatso ya lenyalo la bontsi e tshwanetse go kganela Smoot go nna mo Senate.

Dikitsiso

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"Manifesto ya Bobedi" e ne ya itsisiwe kwa kopanong e kgolo ya kereke e e neng e tshwerwe ka April 6, 1904. Kwa pokanong nngwe ya phatlalatsa, Smith o ne a itsise gore o batla go bala "molaetsa wa semolao" o a neng a o baakanyeditse gore mafoko a gagwe "a se ka a tlhaloganngwa ka tsela e e sa siamang kana a nopolwa ka tsela e e sa siamang". Smith o ne a bala jaana:

E re ka go na le dipego di le dintsi tse di anamang tsa gore go ile ga dirwa manyalo a batho ba le bantsi, go sa dumalane le polelo ya semmuso ya ga Moporesidente Woodruff ya September 24, 1890, e gantsi e bidiwang manifesto, e e neng ya ntshiwa ke Moporesidente Woodruff, mme ya amogelwa ke Kereke kwa kopanong ya yone ya kakaretso, ka October 6, 1890, e e neng e iletsa manyalo ape fela a a kgatlhanong le molao wa naga, nna, Joseph F. Smith, Poresidente ya Kereke ya ga Jesu Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo, ka seno o tlhomamisa le go bolela gore ga go na manyalo ape a a ntseng jalo a a ileng a dirwa ka tetla, tumalano, kana kitso ya Kereke ya ga Jesu Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo.

Mme ke itsise gore manyalo otlhe a a ntseng jalo a thibetswe, mme fa modiredi mongwe wa kereke kgotsa leloko la kereke a ka dumela go dira kgotsa go tsena mo lenyalong le le ntseng jalo, o tla tsewa a le kgatlhanong le kereke, mme o tla tshwanelwa ke go tshwarwa go ya ka melao le melawana ya yone le go kgaolwa mo go yone.

Joseph F. Smith, Moporesidente wa Kereke ya ga Jeso Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo.[5]

Francis M. Lyman, yo e neng e le poresidente ya Setlhopha sa Baaposetoloi ba ba Lesome le Bobedi, o ne a ntsha tshwetso e e latelang ya go e amogela, e e neng ya tshegediwa ke B. H. Roberts le go amogelwa ka bongwefela jwa pelo ke bao ba neng ba le teng mo khonferenseng:

Re sweditse gore rona, maloko a Kereke ya ga Jesu Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo, mo Khonferenseng ya Kakaretso e e kokoaneng, re amogela le go tshegetsa polelo le kgoeletso ya ga Moporesidente Joseph F. Smith o sa tswa go dira mo Khonferenseng e e malebana le manyalo a bontsi, mme o tla tshegetsa dikgotlatshekelo tsa Kereke mo tiragatsong ya tsone.[6] Polelo ya semmuso ya ga Smith e ne ya phasaladiwa moragonyana mo Improvement Era, makasine wa semmuso wa kereke. [7]

Ditlamorago

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Baeteledipele ba le mmalwa ba dikereke ba ne ba le kgatlhanong le go patelediwa ga se go neng go twe ke "maitlamo a bobedi", go akaretsa le baaposetoloi John W. Taylor le Matthias F. Cowley. Ka ntlha ya kganetso ya bone, boobabedi ba ne ba patelediwa go tlogela go nna maloko a Lekgotla la Baaposetoloi ba ba Lesome le Bobedi ka 1905. Ka 1911 Taylor o ne a kgaolwa mo kerekeng ka ntlha ya go tswelela a ganetsa. Ka 1909, Francis M. Lyman o ne a etelela pele komiti ya kereke go batlisisa manyalo a bontsi fa e sale "Manifesto ya bobedi" e laela gore maloko a a tsenang mo manyalong a masha a bontsi a kgaolwe. [8] Le fa se se neng se bidiwa "Manifesto ya Bobedi" se ne sa fedisa go amogelwa ga manyalo a masha a a nang le batho ba bantsi ka tsela e e setlhogo, manyalo a a neng a setse a na le batho ba le bantsi a ne a sa fedisiwe ka tsela e e tlwaelegileng. Ba-Mormon ba le bantsi, go akaretsa le baeteledipele ba ba itsegeng ba kereke, ba ne ba tswelela go nna le manyalo a bontsi go fitlha ka bo1940 le bo1950.[9]

Fa kereke e ne e simolola go kgaola batho ba ba neng ba tswelela pele ka go nyala lefufa kana ba buelela go nyala lefufa, bangwe ba batho bao ba ne ba simolola mokgatlho wa Ba-Mormon ba ba neng ba tsaya dilo masisi. Bontsi jwa bao ba neng ba sa dumelane le seo ba ne ba tlhotlhelediwa ke tumelo ya gore go ne go sa siama gore kereke e thibele lenyalo la bontsi, le ba neng ba le bona e le "taolo e e sa khutleng", fa ba bangwe ba ne ba supa gore ga se ya ntlha kana ya bobedi e e bidiwang "di-manifestos" e e neng e tlhagisiwa jaaka ditshenolo tse di tswang kwa Modimong, jaaka dipolelo tsa pele tsa thuto e e botlhokwa ya kereke di ne di ntse.[10]

Go farologana le Manifesto ya 1890,[11] Kereke ya LDS ga e a ka ya dira se se bidiwang "manifesto ya bobedi" ka go e gatisa mo mametlelelong ya Dithuto le Dikgolagano jaaka "polelo ya semmuso". Lefa go ntse jalo, se go tweng ke "pampitshana ya bobedi" e santse e le tlhaloso e e tlhomameng ya boikutlo jwa kereke malebana le maloko a yone a a tsenang mo manyalong a go nyala lefufa, go a keteka, kana go a tshegetsa.

  1. ↑ "Statement by President Joseph F. Smith", Improvement Era 7/7:545–546 (May 1904).
  2. ↑ Kenneth Cannon II, "After the Manifesto: Mormon Polygamy, 1890–1906", Sunstone, Jan.–Apr. 1983, p. 27.
  3. ↑ D. Michael Quinn, "LDS Church Authority and New Plural Marriages, 1890–1904", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Spring 1985, 9–105
  4. ↑ B. Carmon Hardy (1992). Solemn Covenant: The Mormon Polygamous Passage (Urbana: University of Illinois Press).
  5. ↑ Conference Report, April 1904, p. 75
  6. ↑ Conference Report, April 1904, p. 76
  7. ↑ "Statement by President Joseph F. Smith", Improvement Era 7/7:545–546 (May 1904).
  8. ↑ Thomas G. Alexander, "Second Manifesto", Arnold K. Garr, et al., ed., The Encyclopedia of Latter-day Saint History (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book, 2000), p. 702
  9. ↑ Embry, Jessie L. (1994). "The History of Polygamy". heritage.utah.gov. Utah State Historical Society. Those involved in plural marriages after 1904 were excommunicated; and those married between 1890 and 1904 were not to have church callings where other members would have to sustain them. Although the Mormon church officially prohibited new plural marriages after 1904, many plural husbands and wives continued to cohabit until their deaths in the 1940s and 1950s.
  10. ↑ Kraut, Ogden. The Holy Priesthood. Genola, Utah: Pioneer Press, 2005
  11. ↑ Shipps, Jan (1985), Mormonism: The Story of a New Religious Tradition, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, p. 114, ISBN 0252011597, OCLC 10726560
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