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Seepapitso III

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Seepapitso III
Seepapitso ka ngwaga wa 1915
Kgosi wa Bangwaketse
Reign1910 GO TSENA 1916
PredecessorBathoen I
SuccessorBathoen II Kgosimotse
TsaloSeepapitso Bathoen Gaseitsiwe
Morule a le masome mabedi le botlhano ngwaga wa 1884
LesoSeetebosigo a le lesome le borataro, ngwaga wa 1916
MathataBathoen II Mookami
RraagweBathoen I

Seepapitso III Bathoen Gaseitsiwe (1884 - 1916) e ne e le kgosi ya Bangwaketse mo Bechuanaland Protectorate (mo e leng Botswana gompieno) go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1910 go fitlhelela a bolawa ka ngwaga wa 1916. Fa a tsaya bogosi morago ga loso lwa ga rraagwe ebong Bathoen I, Seepapitso o ne a simolodisa melao le diphetogo tsa itsholelo le ditiro tsa ditlhabololo di le mmalwa, se sa mo tlotlomatsa jaaka motlhabolodi. O tlhamile mothale wa puso o go sa tlhophiweng go tlhomamisa diphetogo tsa gagwe, a itsege ka go kwala le go baya dibuka tsa dikopano le ditshekiso ka matsetseleko. Seepapitso o ne a tlhama matlole a le mmalwa go direla ditiro tsa gagwe madi, ebile a gagamaditse mo go tsa molao, ka jalo dikgosana dingwe tsa morafe di sa wele dibete. O ne a gotlhagotlhana le morwa rraagwe Moepitso, mo go neng ga baka gore Moepitso a thuntshe a bo a bolaye Seepapitso. Seepapitso o ne a tlhatlhamiwa ke magosi a a farologaneng go fitlhelela ngwana wa gagwe Bathoen II a gola.

Botshelo jwa a le mmotlana le lolwapa

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Seepapitso Bathoen Gaseitsiwe o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1884, a tsalwa ke Bathoen I o e neng e le kgosi ya morafe o o kwa Borwa jwa Aforika wa Bangwaketse le Gaoangwe,morwadia kgosi Sechele I wa Bakwena. [1][2]Kgaitsadie Ntebogang Ratshosa o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1882, fa monnawe Moepitso a tshotswe ka ngwaga wa 1887.[3] O ne a na gape le batsalwa le ene go tswa mo go mmaagwe ba batona mo go ene ebong Baitirile le Maserame, bana ba ga kgosi Pilane wa Bakgatla. [3]

Seepapitso o simolotse dithuto tsa gagwe ka fa tlase ga ga Mothowagae Motlogelwa wa London Missionary Society. O ne a ya go tsena sekolo kwa Lovedale Missionary Institute go fitlhelela ka ngwaga wa 1903. Morago ga go tswa kwa Lovedale, o ne a berekela rraagwe dingwaga di supa tse di latelang, ka a ne a katisiwa go nna kgosi e e latelang. Mo dikgweding tsa bofelo tsa puso ya ga rraagwe, Seepapitso o ne a simolola go tsaya dintlha ka tsamaiso ya dikopano tsa kgotla tsa morafe. O ne a ya kerekeng ya London Missionary Society Tshipi mongwe le mongwe, kwa a neng a tshameka seletso.[3]

Kgosi ya Bangwaketse

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Seepapitso o nnile kgosi morago ga go tlhokafala ga ga rraagwe ka Phukwi a rogwa ngwaga wa 1910.[4] Botsalano jwa gagwe le monnawe Moepitso bo ne jwa seka jwa tokafala, ka Moepitso a ne a dumela fa a tshwanelwa ke bontsi jwa khumo ya lolwapa.[5] Bobedi jo bo ne jwa lwantshana go ya pele ka ngwaga wa 1913 fa Seepapitso a ne a kganela Moepitso go nyala mosadi mongwe, mo go neng ga baka gore Moepitso a tshosetse Seepapitso ka tlhobolo.

Fa a pagama setilo, Seepapitso e ne e le kgosi e e rutegileng go gaisa dikgosi tsotlhe,[6] a tswelela a nna mongwe wa barutegi mo baeteledipele ba merafe botlhe mo borwa jwa Aforika mo lekgolong la dingwaga di le masome mabedi.[7] O ne a kgona go bua le go bala sekgoa, se se mo letla go buisana sentle le puso ya bokolone ya Britain e e neng e eteletse pele Bechuanaland Protectorate kwa Bangwaketse ba neng ba nna teng. O ne a eletsa go bereka le puso ya bokolone, e e neng e mo tlotlomatsa. Ka nako ya ntwa ya ntlha ya mafatshe, Seepapitso o ne a okametse mephato ya sesole ka fa tlase ga ga ramasole wa Aforika Borwa Dan Pienaar. Ka Firikgong a rogwa ngwaga wa 1915, mephato ya gagwe e ne ya tshwara maburu a a neng a dumalana le ma Jeremane kwa Segwagwa. Se se ne sa mo tsholeletsa kwa godimo mo pusong ya bokolone.[8]

Seepapitso e ne e le mokereki wa MoKeresete, a dumela gore go tshwanetse go nna le tumelo e le nngwe ya Bangwaketse.[9] Fa a nna kgosi, o ne a itemogela kgotlhang ya sedumedi gareng ga London Missionary Society le sekolo sa mahala sa Ngwaketse se se duleng mo go sone, se eteletswe pele ke Mothowagae Motlogelwa. Rraagwe Seepapitso ebong Bathoen o ne a laotse go kobiwa ga ga Mothowagae, a tshwenyega gore o ka leka go rulaganya thankgolo go tsenya monnawe Bathoen mo taolong. Seepapitso o ne a laola gore se se diragadiwe.[10]

A tshaba go tlhaselwa ke merafe e e mabapi, Seepapitso o ne a gagametsa melelwane ya Bangwaketse. O ne a romela dikgotla di le mmalwa go nna mo mafelong a a dikaganyeditseng kgaolo ya morafe, a simolola ka Mahubaakgama ka ngwaga wa 1913, morago a romela ba bangwe kwa Digawana, Gathwane, Khakhea le Kokong ka ngwaga wa 1915. [11]E ne e le mongwe wa dikgosi tse di neng di le kgatlhanong le kakanyetso ya go kopanya Bechuanaland Protectorate le Union of South Africa, e pele e neng e le kgang ya moruthutha ka nako ya puso ya ga rraagwe.[12][10]

Diphetogo le ditlhabololo

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Seepapitso o supiwa e le motlhabolodi ebile e le motho o o tsweletseng pele, o tlhametse Bangwaketse ditlhabololo di le dintsi. O ne a dumela fa maranyane a Yuropa a ka bereka le molao wa morafe le ditso go tsisa tswelelopele mo Batswaneng.[1] Seepapitso o ne a ntsha mephato ya sesole go dira ditiro tsa dikago tse do farologaneng. O ne a okamela kago ya letamo la Makgodumo ka ngwaga wa 1913, ka maiteko a gagwe a go nwetsa didiba, Kanye e ne ya nna motse wa ntlha go nna le dipompo mo lefatsheng la Bechuanaland. Mo godimo ga dikago, o ne a itsise ngaka ya tsa botsogo ya ntlha mo Bechuanaland. Seepapitso o ne a lwela le diphetogo tsa thuto. Se se ne se akaretsa go agiwa ga dikolo tse disha kwa Macheng le Manyana, go thapiwa ga barutabana ba ba nang le kitso, go okediwa ga dituelo tsa sekolo, go rotloetsa batsadi go romela bana ba bone kwa sekolong, go tlhama dietsele tsa thuto le go simolodisa dikgaisano tsa metshameko.

Seepapitso le mokwaledi wa gagwe Peter Kgasa ba ne ba tlhama puso e e seng ya tlhopho, go busa Bangwaketse, o ne a na le dikwalo tse di tseneletseng, go latedisa dipuisano tsa puso. E ne e le kgosi ya ntlha ya Motswana go kwala dipuisano mo dikopanong ta kgotla, a kwala ditsamaiso tsa ditsheko tsa kgotlatshekelo ka bo ene,tse a neng a di okametse. Seepapitso o ne a baya dipego tsa gagwe tsa kgotla le tsa molao a di kgaogantse. O ne a thapa mogwebi Richard Montshiwa Rowland go rulaganya ditiro tsa gagwe tsa tlhabololo le go dira diphetogo tsa itsholelo. Kgobokanyo ya madi ya ga Seepapitso gantsi e ne e sa jese dikgosana di welang. O ne a tlhokomelela Bangwaketse letlole mo bankeng ya Standard Bank.

Tsa molao

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Seepapitso o ne a dira lenaane le le lengwe la melao e e makgolo marataro, masome a mabedi le motso ya Bangwaketse ka ngwaga wa 1913 a e balela morafe. Le ne le akaretsa melao ya gagwe le ya ba ba tsileng pele ga gagwe jaaka Bathoen I le Gaseitsiwe, a tsosolosa melao mengwe e e neng e sa tlhomamisiwa. Pele ga a tlhoma melao e mesha, o ne a buisana ka yone le Bangwaketse ba bangwe go netefatsa fa go tshwanetse go dirwa sengwe, ba bo ba e isa kwa dikopanong go kopa dikakgelo. Fa a atlhola ditsheko tsa kgotlatshekelo, Seepapitso o ne a netefatsa gore go tlhoka go tla ke go dumalana le molato. O ne a dira dikganelo mo go kgaoganeng ga banyalani, a laola gore go buiwe ka tsone kwa kgotleng e ba nnang kwa go yone. O ne a laola gape gore o o bakileng kgaogano a duele o mongwe. Seepapitso Oo ne a kgala gore basadi ba morafe ba nne dinyatsi tsa ma Yuropa mme ga go itsiwe fa a ne a tsaya kgato ya semolao go tsiboga.

Fa a le kgosi, Seepapitso o ne a simolola melao e le mmalwa. O ne a okametse tlhabololo le taolo ya ditsela fa dikolotsana tse di gogwang ke dipoo di ne di oketsega. O ne a re go tlhokega gore di bo di na le marikhi pele ga di pagama thaba go tswa Kanye ka ngwaga wa 1910, le gore di tshwanetse go etelelwa pele ke mongwe fa di ralala ditoropo ka ngwaga wa 1911, le gore di seka tsa letlelelwa go dirisa ditsela tse ditona.[13] O ne a dira makgetho a le mmalwa, ka ngwaga wa 1911 o ne a netefatsa gore beng gae ba ba sa kgoneng go duela makgetho ba isiwe go ya go bereka.[14] Seepapitso o ne a laola gore dikgomo tse di rekisediwang merafe e sele di tshwaiwe ka lotshwao lo le lengwe. Ngwaga one oo, o ne a baya tlhwatlhwa ya sennela ruri ya go tsamaisa dithoto ka kolotsana le thekiso ya dikgong mo ma Yuropeng. Seepapitso o ne a re go tlhokafala teseletso go rekisa dikgomo ka ngwaga wa 1913. E ntse e le ngwaga oo, o ne a simolodisa bogadi.[15] Seepapitso o ne a leka go tlhomamisa molao wa ga rraagwe wa go kganela bojalwa jwa khadi mme ga seka ga nna motlhofo.[16]

Seepapitso o ne a fedisiwa pelo ke dikgosana tsa gagwe, tse a neng a dumela di sa direbmo go lekaneng go diragatsa molao.[17] Fa kgosana e ne e sa kgobokanye dituelo le makgetho a a lekaneng, Seepapitso o ne a mo rola tiro.[18] Mo sekaing sengwe ka ngwaga wa 1913, o ne a tsena mo ntlong ya mongwe go mo tshwara ka bojalwa bo bo sa letlelelweng. Ditiro tsa ga Seepapitso di ne di ngangisiwa ka tsheko, mme o ne a re o ne a tshwanelwa ke go dira jalo ka bo ene ka dikgosana di be di gana go dira ditiro tsa tsone.[19]

Ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le borobabobedi ngwaga wa 1916, Seepapitso o ne a thuntshiwa ke monnawe ebong Moepitso mo bokopanong jwa kgotla. Bobedi boo bo ne bo nnile le tlhoka kutlwisisano mosong oo, morago ga gore Moepitso a kope madi a a neng a dumela a mo tshwanetse.[20] Mo ngangisanong ya bone, go bolelwa fa Moepitso a ne a bua mafoko a go tshosetsa polao are: "ke sale ke bua le wena jaanong ke tlaa bona gore ke dira jang".[21]

Fa bokopano jwa kgotla bo simolola mo maitseboeng ao, Moepitso le moeteledipele o mongwe o a neng a tseneletse bokopano ba ne ba gana Seepapitso ka go tsamaya a ntse a tsweletse a bua. Metsotso e le metlhano morago, Moepitso o ne a thuntsha Seepapitso. Go begiwa fa kgosi a ne a re "Moepitso o mpolaela eng?" pele ga a leba gore o o mo thuntshitseng ke mang. Dikgosana di ne di sa itse gore go diragetseng, Moepitso a ba thusa go tsholetsa Seepapitso ba mo isa kwa lwapeng, kwa kgosi a neng a tlhokafala moragonyana. Moepitso e ne e le mmelaelwa, bogolo jang ka a ne a sa supe maikutlo ape ntle le letshogonyana. Mosadi wa motlhanka wa ga Seepapitso o ne a supa Moepitso ka monwana, a supa e le ene a dirileng polao. O ne a tshwarwa fa digalase tsa gagwe di fitlhelwa le sedirisiwa sa polao.[22] Moepitso o ne a kalelediwa polao, selo se mmaabo a neng a dumalana le sone.[23]

Ga go itsewe gore Moepitso o bolaetseng Seepapitso.[23] O ne a itsege ka go nna pelwana le go nna dikgoka, o ne a bolelwa fa a kile a tshosetsa Seepapitso makgetho a le mantsi pele. Go sa itumelela kgaoganyo ya boswa jwa ga rraabo e ka tswa e le lebaka, kgotsa o ka tswa a ne a fufegela katlego ya  ga mogolowe. Go bolelwa fa gape a ne a batla maemo a bogosi. Baitseanape ba ditso bangwe jaaka Yonah Matemba ba akanyetsa fa Moepitso a bolaile Seepapitso e le taolo ya baeteledipele ba merafe ya Bangwaketse ba ba neng ba tshosediwa ke ditlhabololo le diphetogo tsa gagwe.[24] Dikgosana dingwe di ne di bonwa di dumalana le polao.[25]

Boswa le go tlhatlhamiwa

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Loso lwa ga Seepapitso lo ne lo amile Bangwaketse ka kakaretso, ka ditso tsa puo ya nna matlhotlhapelo a setso. Ngwaga wa 1916 o amangwa le polao e.[26] Morutegi Yonah Hisbon Matemba o akgoletse Seepapitso go nna kgosi ya tlhwatlhwa ya Bangwaketse ka nako ya bokolone.[27] Go baya dikwalo sentle ga ga Seepapitso go letleletse baitsenape ba ditso go ithuta ka Batswana ka nako e bontsi jwa dikwalo di seong.[28]

Seepapitso o ne a na le barwa ba le babedi: Bathoen II le Mookami.[29] Bathoen II e ne e le mojaboswa wa ga Seepapitso, mme ka a ne a le dingwaga di robabobedi fela ka nako ya loso lwa ga rraagwe, Seepapitso o ne a tlhatlhamiwa ke dikgosu tse di farologaneng: Kgosimotse, Malope, le Tshosa Sebego. Diphetogo tsa ga Seepapitso tse di neng di setse di wela tlase ka ntlha ya go tlhoka go itshetlela ga bogosi, di ne tsa retela mo pusong ya ga Tshosa. Fa go tlhoka go kgotsofala go golela pele, mmaagwe Seepapitso Gagoangwe le kgaotsadie Ntebogang ba ne ba etelela pele morafe.[30] Ntebogang o ne a tsweledisa bontsi jwa ditiro tsa ga Seepapitso tsa tlhabololo.[31] Bathoen II o ne a nna kgosi kwa phelelong ya bogosi ka Moranang a le lesome le boraro ngwaga wa 1928, ka nako ya puso ya gagwe o ne a tsosolosa bontsi jwa ditiro tsa ga Seepapitso.[32]

  1. 1 2 Morton & Ramsay 2018, Bathoen I (1845–1910).
  2. ↑ Morton & Ramsay 2018, Seepapitso III Bathoen Gaseitsiwe (1884–1916).
  3. 1 2 3 Matemba 2002, p. 27.
  4. ↑ Schapera 1942, p. 22.
  5. ↑ Matemba 2002, p. 25.
  6. ↑ Morton & Ramsay 2018, Seepapitso III Bathoen Gaseitsiwe (1884–1916).
  7. ↑ Molefi, Morton & Ngcongco 1987, p. 12.
  8. ↑ Morton & Ramsay 2018, Seepapitso III Bathoen Gaseitsiwe (1884–1916).
  9. ↑ Schapera 1987, p. 154.
  10. 1 2 Morton & Ramsay 2018, Mothowagae Motlogelwa (d. 1944).
  11. ↑ Molefi, Morton & Ngcongco 1987, p. 16.
  12. ↑ Roberts 1991, p. 179.
  13. ↑ Schapera 1987, pp. 152–153.
  14. ↑ Massey, David (1978). "A Case of Colonial Collaboration: The Hut Tax and Migrant Labour". Botswana Notes and Records. 10: 95–98. ISSN 0525-5090.
  15. ↑ Schapera 1987, p. 154.
  16. ↑ Schapera, I. (1987). "Early European Influences on Tswana Law". Journal of African Law. 31 (1–2): 151–160. doi:10.1017/S002185530000930X. ISSN 0021-8553.
  17. ↑ Schapera 1963, p. 144.
  18. ↑ Molefi, R.; Morton, F.; Ngcongco, L. (1987). "The Modernists: Seepapitso, Ntebogang and Isang". In Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff (eds.). The Birth of Botswana: A History of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966. Longman Botswana. pp. 11–29. ISBN 978-0-582-00584-6.
  19. ↑ Schapera, Isaac (1963) [1956]. Government and Politics in Tribal Societies. C. A. Watts.
  20. ↑ Matemba 2002, p. 25.
  21. ↑ Matemba 2002, pp. 25–26.
  22. ↑ Matemba 2002, p. 26.
  23. 1 2 Morton & Ramsay 2018, Seepapitso III Bathoen Gaseitsiwe (1884–1916).
  24. ↑ Matemba 2002, pp. 30–31
  25. ↑ Matemba 2002, p. 31.
  26. ↑ Matemba 2002, p. 25.
  27. ↑ Matemba, Yonah Hibson (2002). "The Assassination of Kgosi Seepapitso Gaseitsiwe of the BaNgwaketse 1916–17". Botswana Notes & Records. 34 (1): 25–36
  28. ↑ Roberts, Simon (1991). "Tswana Government and Law in the Time of Seepapitso, 1910–1916". In Mann, Kristin; Roberts, Richard L. (eds.). Law in Colonial Africa. Heinemann Educational Books. pp. 164–184. ISBN 978-0-85255-602-3.
  29. ↑ Williamson, David (1977). Burke's Royal Families of the World. Vol. II: Africa & the Middle East. Burke's Peerage. ISBN 978-0-85011-029-6.
  30. ↑ Schapera 1942, pp. 23–24
  31. ↑ Morton, Barry; Ramsay, Jeff (2018). Historical Dictionary of Botswana (5th ed.). Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-1-5381-1133-8.
  32. ↑ Schapera, I. (1942). "A Short History of the Bangwaketse". African Studies. 1 (1): 1–26. doi:10.1080/00020184208706566. ISSN 0002-0184
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