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Senegal,[1]semmuso ke Rephaboliki ya Senegal,[2]ke naga e e kwa bophirima jwa Afrika Bophirima, e e leng mo lotshitshing lwa Lewatle la Atlantic. E molelwane le Mauritania kwa bokone, Mali kwa botlhaba, Guinea kwa borwabotlhaba le Guinea-Bissau [3]kwa borwabophirima.

Republic of Senegal

Flag of Senegal
Folaga
Coat of arms of Senegal
Sekano sa setshaba
Anthem: 
"Le Lion rouge"
"The Red Lion"
Location of  Senegal  (dark green)
Location of  Senegal  (dark green)
Mošate
and largest city
Dakar
14°40′N 17°25′W / 14.667°N 17.417°W / 14.667; -17.417
Diteme tsa semmusôFrench
Wolof
Pulaar
National languages
Lingua franca
Merafe ya Batho
(2019)[7]
Sedumedi
(2019)[7]
Demonym(s)Senegalese
Government
• President
Bassirou Diomaye Faye
Ousmane Sonko
Malick Ndiaye
LegislatureNational Assembly
Independence
• Republic established
25 November 1958
• Independence from France[lower-alpha 4]
20 June 1960
• Withdrawal from
the Mali Federation
20 August 1960
• Dissolution of the Senegambia Confederation
30 September 1989
Fatshe
• Total
196,722[7] km2 (75,955 sq mi) (86th)
• Water (%)
2.1
Batho
• 2024 estimate
Increase 18,847,519[7] (68th)
GDP (PPP)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $78.547 billion[8] (106th)
• Per capita
Increase $4,324[8] (156th)
GDP (nominal)2023 estimate
• Total
Increase $31.141 billion[8] (111th)
• Per capita
Increase $1,714[8] (157th)
Gini (2011)40.3[9]
medium
HDI (2022)Increase 0.517[10]
low · 169th
MadiWest African CFA franc (XOF)
Time zoneUTC (GMT)
Date formatdd/mm/yyyy
Driving sideright
Calling code+221
Internet TLD.sn

Senegal e batla e dikaganyeditse Gambia, naga e e tsereng karolo e tshesane ya naga go bapa le dintshi tsa Noka ya Gambia, e e kgaoganyang kgaolo ya borwa jwa Senegal ya Casamance go tswa mo nageng yotlhe.[11] Gape e na le molelwane wa lewatle le Cape Verde. Motsemogolo wa Senegal wa tsa ikonomi le wa dipolotiki ke Dakar.

Senegal ke naga e e kwa bophirima jwa lefatshe la Old World, kgotsa Afro-Eurasia.[12]E ne ya bidiwa ka leina la Noka ya Senegal, e e molelwaneng wa yone kwa botlhaba le kwa bokone.[13]Tlelaemete ya teng e tshwana le ya kwa Sahelian, le fa gone go na le paka ya dipula. Senegal e na le bogolo jwa sekgala sa disekwerekilometara di le 197 000 mme e na le baagi ba le dimilione di le 18[14].Naga ke rephaboliki ya mopresidente; fa e sale naga e tlhomiwa ka 1960, e ntse e tsewa jaaka nngwe ya dinaga tse di tlhomameng mo kontinenteng ya Aforika.Ka 2024 V-Dem Democracy Indices, Senegal e beilwe mo maemong a bo 68 mo temokerasing ya ditlhopho lefatshe ka bophara le bo 4 mo temokerasing ya ditlhopho mo Afrika.

Puso e ne ya tlhomiwa jaaka karolo ya boipuso jwa French West Africa go tswa mo pusong ya bokoloniale ya Fora. Ka ntlha ya hisetori eno, Sefora ke puo ya semmuso, mme e tlhaloganngwa ke palo e nnye fela ya baagi.[15] Go buiwa dipuo di feta 30 kwa Senegal. Wolof ke puo e e buiwang thata, ka 80% ya baagi ba e bua jaaka puo ya ntlha kgotsa ya bobedi,e dira jaaka puo e e dirisiwang ke batho ba le bantsi kwa Senegal mmogo le Sefora. Fela jaaka dinaga tse dingwe tsa Afrika, naga eno e na le merafe le dipuo tse di farologaneng, tse dikgolo mo go tsone ke tsa Ba-Wolof, Ba-Fula le Ba-Serer.[16] Batho ba Senegal ke Bamoseleme ka bontsi.Senegal e tsewa e le naga e e humanegileng e e nang le dikoloto tse dintsi, e e nang le maemo a a kwa tlase mo Human Development Index (lefelo la bo169 mo go la bo193). Bontsi jwa baagi ba nna kwa lotshitshing mme ba dira mo temothuong kgotsa madirelong a mangwe a dijo; madirelo a mangwe a magolo a akaretsa meepo, bojanala le ditirelo. Naga ga e na metswedi ya tlholego e e botlhokwa, mme motheo wa tlhabololo ya yone o mo thutong, [tlhalosa] koo go diriswang halofo ya tekanyetsokabo ya puso gone.Senegal ke leloko la African Union, United Nations, Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Organization of Islamic Cooperation, le Community of Sahel Saharan States. Mo lefatsheng la metshameko ya dikoloi, Senegal e itsege ka Paris-Dakar Rally.

Letshwao

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Naga ya Senegal e teeletswe ka Noka ya Senegal. Leina la noka le ka tswa le tswa mo puong ya Sepotokisi ya leina la noka ya Zenaga, e gape e itsegeng e le Sanhaja.[17] Ka tsela e nngwe, e ka nna motswako wa modimo o mogolo mo bodumeding jwa Serer (Rog Sene) le o gal e e rayang mmele wa metsi mo puong ya Serer. Mokwadi wa Mofora le moruti David Boilat o ne a ntsha kgopolo ya gore leina le tswa mo lefokong la Se-Wolof "sunuu gaal", le le rayang "ketshe ya rona".

Histori

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Dinako tsa pele le tsa pele ga bokoloniale

Dilo tse di fitlhetsweng ke baithutamarope mo lefelong leno di bontsha gore Senegal e ne e nnile le batho mo metlheng ya pele ga ditiragalo tsa hisitori mme e ne e nniwa ke ditlhopha tse di farologaneng tsa merafe. Mebuso mengwe e ne ya tlhamiwa mo ngwagakgolong wa bosupa: Takrur mo ngwagakgolong wa borataro, Namandiru le Mmusomogolo wa Jolof mo ngwagakgolong wa bo13 le wa bo14. Senegal Botlhaba e kile ya bo e le karolo ya Mmusomogolo wa Ghana.

Boiselamo bo ne jwa tlisiwa ka Toucouleur le Soninke ba ikgolaganya le bogosi jwa Almoravid jwa Maghreb, ba ba neng ba bo anamisa ka thuso ya Almoravids le ditsala tsa Toucouleur. Tsamaiso eno e ne ya lebana le kganetso go tswa mo merafeng ya ditumelo tsa setso, segolobogolo Ba-Serer.

Mo ngwagakgolong wa bo 13 le wa bo 14, kgaolo e ne ya nna ka fa tlase ga tlhotlheletso ya mebuso e e kwa botlhaba; Mmuso wa Jolof wa Senegal le one o ne wa tlhomiwa mo nakong eno. Mo kgaolong ya Senegambia, magareng ga 1300 le 1900, go ne go na le bokgoba jwa nngwetharong ya baagi, gantsi ka ntlha ya go tshwarwa mo ntweng.[18][19]

Mo ngwagakgolong wa bo 14 Mmusomogolo wa Jolof o ne wa nna maatla thata, o kopantse Cayor le magosi a Baol, Siné, Saloum, Waalo, Futa Tooro le Bambouk, kgotsa bontsi jwa Afrika Bophirima ya gompieno. Mmusomogolo e ne e le kopano ya boithaopo ya dinaga tse di farologaneng go na le go agiwa ka phenyo ya sesole. Mmuso o ne wa tlhomiwa ke Ndiadiane Ndiaye, karolo ya Serer le karolo ya Toucouleur, yo o neng a kgona go bopa kgolagano le merafe e mentsi, mme a wa ka 1549 ka go fenngwa le go bolawa ga Lele Fouli Fak ke Amari Ngone Sobel Fall.

Puso le dipolotiki

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Macky Sall, Tautona wa Senegal (2012–2024)

Senegal ke repaboliki e e nang le moporesidente; moporesidente o tlhophiwa dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano go tloga ka 2016, pele e ne e le dingwaga di le supa go tloga ka boipuso go fitlha ka 2001, dingwaga di le tlhano go tloga ka 2001 go fitlha ka 2008, le dingwaga di le supa gape go tloga ka 2008 go fitlha ka 2016, ke batlhophi ba bagolo. Moporesidente wa ntlha, Léopold Sédar Senghor, e ne e le mmoki le mokwadi, e bile e ne e le Moafrika wa ntlha go tlhophiwa go nna leloko la Académie française. Tautona wa bobedi wa Senegal, Abdou Diouf, moragonyana o ne a nna mokwaledi-kakaretso wa Organisation de la Francophonie.

Tautona wa boraro e ne e le Abdoulaye Wade, yo e neng e le mmueledi. Moporesidente wa bone e ne e le Macky Sall, yo o tlhophilweng ka Mopitlwe 2012 mme a tlhophiwa gape ka Tlhakole 2019.[20]Ka 25 Mopitlwe 2024, Bassirou Diomaye Faye o ne a nna mopresidente wa botlhano yo o tlhophilweng ka tsela ya temokerasi. Senegal e na le makoko a sepolotiki a a fetang 80. Palamente e e nang le ntlwana e le nngwe e na le Kokoano Bosetšhaba, e e nang le ditulo di le 150 (Senate e ne e le teng go tloga ka 1999 go ya go 2001 le 2007 go ya go 2012).Gape go na le boatlhodi jo bo ikemetseng kwa Senegal. Dikgotlatshekelo tse di kwa godimo tsa naga tse di sekasekang dikgang tsa kgwebo ke lekgotla la molaotheo le kgotlatshekelo ya boatlhodi, tse maloko a tsone a tlhophiwang ke tautona.[21]

Setso sa sepolotiki

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Abdoulaye Wade, Tautona wa Senegal (2000–2012)

Ga jaana, Senegal e na le setso sa sepolotiki sa temokerasi, e leng nngwe ya diphetogo tsa temokerasi tse di atlegileng thata mo Afrika morago ga bokoloniale. Balaodi ba selegae ba tlhophiwa ke tautona mme ba ikarabelela mo go ene. Marabouts, baeteledipele ba bodumedi ba makoko a a farologaneng a Bamoselema a Senegal, le bone ba nnile le tlhotlheletso e kgolo ya sepolotiki mo nageng eo segolobogolo ka nako ya fa Wade e ne e le tautona. Ka 2009, Freedom House e ne ya fokotsa maemo a Senegal go tswa go "Free" go ya go "Partially Free", go ikaegilwe ka maatla a a okeditsweng a puso. Ka 2014, e ne e setse e amogetse maemo a yona a go nna naga e e gololesegileng.[22]

Ka 2008, Senegal e feditse mo maemong a bo 12 mo Ibrahim Index of African Governance.Ibrahim Index ke tekanyetso e e akaretsang ya puso ya Aforika (e e lekanyeditsweng mo Sub-Saharan Aforika go fitlha ka 2008), e e ikaegileng ka dipalo tse di farologaneng tse di bontshang katlego e dipuso di nayang baagi ba tsone dithoto tsa botlhokwa tsa sepolotiki. Fa dinaga tsa Afrika Bokone di ne di tsenngwa mo lenaneong ka 2009, maemo a Senegal a 2008 a ne a fokodiwa go nna a bo15 (Tunisia, Egepeto le Morocco di ne di le kwa pele ga Senegal). Go tloga ka 2012, maemo a Senegal mo Ibrahim Index a fokotsegile ka ntlha e nngwe gape go ya go 16 mo dinageng di le 52 tsa Afrika. Ka 22 Tlhakole 2011, Senegal e ne ya kgaola dikamano tsa sedipolomate le Iran, e re e ne ya neela batsuolodi dibetsa tse di bolaileng masole a Senegal mo kgotlhang ya Casamance.

Ditlhopho tsa mopresidente tsa 2012 di ne di na le kganetsano ka ntlha ya go itlhagisa ga Moporesitente Wade, jaaka kganetso e ne ya ganetsa gore ga a tshwanela go tsewa a tshwanelega go itlhagisa gape. Mekgatlho e le mmalwa ya kganetso ya basha, go akaretsa M23 le Y'en a Marre, e ne ya tlhagelela ka Seetebosigo 2011. Kwa bofelong, Macky Sall wa Alliance for the Republic o ne a fenya, mme Wade o ne a ineela mo go Sall. Phetogo eno ya kagiso le ya temokerasi e ne ya amogelwa ke babogedi ba le bantsi ba dinaga di sele, jaaka E jaaka pontsho ya "go gola".

Ka 19 Lwetse 2012, babadi ba ne ba tlhopha go fedisa Senate go boloka madi a a fopholediwang go nna $15 million.[23]

Ka Phatwe 2017, lekoko le le busang le ne la fenya ka phenyo e kgolo mo ditlhophong tsa palamente. Moporesidente Macky Sall o ne a tsaya ditulo di le 125 mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba ya ditulo di le 165.Ka 2019 mopresidente Macky Sall o ne a fenya ditlhopho tsa go tlhophiwa gape mo kgetlong la ntlha. Ka 2 Moranang 2024, motlhatlhami wa gagwe Bassirou Diomaye Faye o ne a ikana.

Boeteledipele mo maitlhomong a puso ya lefatshe Senegal e ntse e le mongwe wa ba ba saenneng tumelano ya go bitsa kopano ya go kwala molaotheo wa lefatshe.Ka ntlha ya seo, ka 1968, e ne e le la ntlha mo hisetoring ya motho, lekgotla la lefatshe la dikopano le kopane go kwala le go amogela molaotheo wa lefatshe la Federation of Earth.Léopold Sédar Senghor, moporesidente wa Senegal wa nako eo o ne a saena tumalano ya go bitsa Lekgotla la Lefatshe la go Tlhoma Molao.

Dikamano tsa kwa ntle

Senegal e na le maemo a a kwa godimo mo mekgatlhong e mentsi ya boditšhabatšhaba mme e ne e le leloko la Khansele ya Tshireletso ya UN ka 1988 -89 le 2015 - 2016. E ne ya tlhophiwa go nna leloko la Khomišene ya Ditshwanelo tsa Botho ya Lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng ka 1997. E re ka Senegal e le tsala ya dinaga tsa Bophirima, segolobogolo ya United States, e ile ya buelela thata gore dinaga tse di tlhabologileng di thuse dinaga tsa Lefatshe le le Tlhabologang. Tona ya tsa kwa ntle ya Senegal ke Aïssata Tall Sall. O simolotse tiro ka Ngwanatsele 2020.

Go ya ka hisetori, Senegal e ntse e le gaufi le Fora, e e kileng ya nna kolone ya yone, mme seno se bakile kgotlhang e kgolo le batho mme e ne e le lengwe la mabaka a a dirileng gore Moporesitente wa pele Macky Sall a latlhegelwe ke tshegetso. Ba-Senegal ba ne ba tlhola ba ngongorega ka gore Sall o ne a tlhola a fa dikhampani tsa Mafora dikonteraka tsa go ntsha metswedi ya tlholego ya Senegal go na le go fa dikonteraka go mongwe le mongwe yo o neng a ka fa Senegal tharabololo e e gaisang. Gape ba ne ba dumela gore Fora e ne e pateletsa Macky Sall gore a tsenele paka ya boraro e e sa dumalaneng le molaotheo. Morago ga go ngangisana ka gore a a ka tsenela lekgetlo la boraro ka dikgwedi, Sall ga a ka a dira jalo.

Senegal e na le dikamano tse di siameng le baagisani ba yone. Le fa go na le kgatelopele e e bonalang sentle mo dintlheng tse dingwe le Mauritania (tshireletso ya melelwane, tsamaiso ya metswedi, go kopanngwa ga ikonomi, jalo le jalo), go fopholediwa gore go na le batshabi ba le 35 000 ba Mauritanian (ba ba fopholediwang go 40 000 ba ba neng ba kobiwa kwa nageng ya bone ka 1989) ba sala kwa Senegal. Dikamano tsa Morocco-Senegal le tsona di ne di le botsalano, jaaka Bassirou Diomaye Faye a laletsa kgosi ya Morocco kwa moletlong wa gagwe wa go ikana ka 2024.

Tsa sesole

kwa Senegal

Masole a Senegal a na le masole a ka nna 17 000 a masole, a sesole sa difofane, a sesole sa lewatle le a masole. Sesole sa Senegal se amogela bontsi jwa katiso, didirisiwa le tshegetso go tswa kwa Fora le United States, mme ka selekanyo se sennye kwa Jeremane.

Go sa itshunye nko ga sesole mo dikgannyeng tsa sepolotiki go ile ga thusa gore Senegal e nne e tlhomame fa e sa le e bona boipuso. Senegal e tsere karolo mo maitekong a mantsi a boditšhabatšhaba le a kgaolo a go boloka kagiso. Bosheng jaana, ka ngwaga wa 2000, Senegal e ne ya romela setlhopha sa masole kwa Democratic Republic of Congo go ya go nna le seabe mo tirong ya United Nations ya go dira gore go nne le kagiso, e leng MONUC, mme e ne ya dumela go romela setlhopha sa masole a a thapisitsweng ke United States kwa Sierra Leone go ya go direla UNAMSIL, e leng tiro e nngwe ya lekgotla la Ditšhaba Tse di Kopaneng ya go dira gore go nne le kagiso.

Ka 2015, Senegal e ne ya nna le seabe mo letsholong la sesole le le neng le eteletswe pele ke Saudi Arabia kwa Yemen kgatlhanong le Shia Houthis.

Dipopego tsa lefatshe

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Senegal e kwa bophirima jwa kontinente ya Afrika. E fa gare ga latitude 12° le 17°N, le longitude 11° le 18°W.

mapa wa Senegal

Senegal e dikologilwe ke lewatle la Atlantic go ya kwa bophirima, Mauritania go ya kwa bokone, Mali go ya kwa botlhaba, le Guinea le Guinea-Bissau go ya kwa borwa; mo teng e dikologile Gambia ka botlalo, e leng kwa bokone, botlhaba le borwa, ntle le lotshitshi lo lokhutshwane lwa Atlantic lwa Gambia.

Naga ya Senegal e na le dipoa tsa motlhaba tsa kwa bophirima jwa Sahel tse di tlhatlogelang kwa tlase ga dithaba kwa borwabotlhaba. Fano gape go fitlhelwa ntlha e e kwa godimo ya Senegal, Baunez ridge e e leng 2.7 km borwabotlhaba jwa Nepen Diakha kwa 648 m (2,126 ft).Molelwane wa kwa bokone o bopiwa ke Noka ya Senegal; dinoka tse dingwe di akaretsa Noka ya Gambia le ya Casamance. Motsemogolo wa teng e leng Dakar, o kwa setlhaketlhakeng sa Cape Verde, e leng karolo e e kwa bophirima jwa kontinente ya Afrika.

lefelo la Casamance

Ditlhaketlhake tsa Cape Verde di dikilometara di le 560 (350 mi) go tswa kwa lotshitshing lwa Senegal, mme Cap-Vert ("Cape Green") ke lefelo la lewatle, le le kwa tlase ga "Les Mammelles", lekgotlho la dimetara di le 105 (344 ft) le le emeng kwa ntlheng e le nngwe ya Cape-Vert peninsula e go agilweng motsemogolo wa Senegal Dakar mo go yone, le 1 kilometara (0.6 mi) kwa borwa jwa "Pointe des Almadies", ntlha e e kwa bophirima jwa Afrika. Senegal e na le dikgaolo di le nne tsa ikholoji tsa lefatshe: dikgwa tsa Guinea-savanna mosaic, Sahelian Acacia savanna, West Sudan savanna, le di-mangroves tsa Guinea. 83] E ne e na le tekanyetso ya 2019 Forest Landscape Integrity Index ya 7.11/10, e e beileng mo maemong a bo 56 lefatshe ka bophara mo dinageng di le 172.

Ikonomi

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mapa wa Trans-African Highways

Ikonomi ya Senegal e tsamaisiwa ke meepo, kago, bojanala, go thaya ditlhapi le temothuo, tse e leng metswedi e megolo ya ditiro mo mafelong a magae, le fa go na le metswedi e mentsi ya tshipi, zircon, gase, gauta, di-phosphate, le go ribololwa ga oli ga bosheng. Ikonomi ya Senegal e bona bontsi jwa madi a e a amogelang go tswa kwa dinageng di sele ka ditlhapi, di-phosphate, matonkomane, bojanala le ditirelo. Jaaka nngwe ya dikarolo tse di laolang tsa ikonomi, lephata la temothuo la Senegal le tlhasetswe thata ke maemo a tikologo, jaaka go fetofetoga ga pula le phetogo ya tlelaemete, le diphetogo mo ditlhotlhweng tsa lefatshe tsa dikuno.

Dakar, toropokgolo ya maloba ya French West Africa, gape ke legae la dibanka le ditheo tse dingwe tse di direlang botlhe ba ba buang Sefora ba Afrika Bophirima, mme ke lefelo la thomelontle le dipalangwa mo kgaolong.

Senegal gape e na le nngwe ya madirelo a a tlhabologileng thata a bojanala mo Afrika. Ikonomi ya Senegal e ikaegile ka thuso ya dinaga di sele. Ke leloko la World Trade Organization. Mathata a magolo a tlhabololo ya ikonomi ya naga ke bonweenwee jo bogolo le bosiamisi jo bo sa direng sentle, ditsamaiso tsa tsamaiso tse di bonya thata, le lephata la thuto le le sa atlegeng. [24]

Temothuo

Karolo e ke nopolo go tswa mo Temothuong kwa Senegal.[edit]

Barekisi ba dinawa tsa kgomo gaufi le Thies, kwa Senegal

Temothuo ke nngwe ya dikarolo tse di laolang tsa ikonomi ya Senegal, le fa Senegal e le mo kgaolong ya Sahel e e nang le komelelo e e tlwaelegileng. Ka gonne ke fela bokana ka 5% ya lefatshe le le nosediwang,[citation needed] Senegal e tswelela go ikaega ka temothuo e e fepiwang ka pula. Temothuo e tsaya bokana ka 75% ya badiri. Le fa go na le mefuta e e farologaneng ya ntshokuno ya temothuo, bontsi jwa balemirui ba ntshetsa ditlhokego tsa go iphedisa. Millet, raese, mmidi le mabele ke dijalo tsa konokono tse di jewang kwa Senegal. Ntshokuno e laolwa ke komelelo le matshosetsi a disenyi tse di jaaka tsie, dinonyane, dintshi tsa maungo, le dintshi tse ditshweu.[25]Ho feta moo, ditlamorao tsa phetoho ya tlelaemete Senegal di lebelletswe ho senya moruo wa temo haholo ka lebaka la boemo ba lehodimo bo feteletseng jwalo ka komello, hammoho le dithemphereitjha tse eketsehileng.[26]

Senegal ke morekisi wa dijo tsa nete, bogolosegolo tsa raese, e e emelang mo e ka nnang 75% ya dithomeloteng tsa dithollo. Matonkomane, ntšhi, le letseta ke dijalo tse di botlhokwa tsa madi, mme mefuta e e farologaneng ya maungo le merogo e jalelwa mebaraka ya selegae le ya thomelontle. Ka 2006 diromelwantle tsa gum arabic di ne tsa tlhatlogela kwa go diranta di le dimilione di le 280, mme seno sa dira gore e nne yone e e di gogang kwa pele mo go tsa temothuo. Dinawa tse ditala, tamati ya madirelo, tamati ya tšheri, magapu le mango ke dijalo tse dikgolo tsa merogo tse di dirang madi kwa Senegal. Kgaolo ya Casamance, e e kgaogantsweng le Senegal yotlhe ke Gambia, ke kgaolo e e botlhokwa e e tlhagisang temothuo, fela e e senang mafaratlhatlha kgotsa dikgolagano tsa dipalangwa go tokafatsa bokgoni jwa yona.[27]

Le fa go sa tlhabololwe go tshwara ditlhapi ka diatla, lekala la go tshwara ditlhapi le sa ntse le le motswedi o mogolo wa ikonomi wa Senegal le le le amogelang madi a mantsi a kwa ntle. Makala a leruo le a dikgogo ga a ise a tlhabologe mme a na le bokgoni jwa go tlhabololwa, tlhabololo le kgolo. Senegal e reka bontsi jwa mashi le dikumo tsa yone tsa mashi go tswa kwa dinageng tse dingwe. Lekala le thibetswe ka ntlha ya dipholo tse di kwa tlase le dipeeletso tse di lekanyeditsweng. Tlhagiso e e ka nnang teng ya diphologolo le ditlhagiswa tsa sekgwa e kwa godimo e bile e farologane mme e ka, fa e rulagantswe sentle, e solegela balemirui ba ba humanegileng molemo kwa metseselegaeng. Le fa lekala la temothuo le amilwe ke tlhaselo ya tsie ka 2004, le tsogile mme ntshokuno yotlhe ya temothuo e solofetswe go oketsega ka 6.1% ka 2006 le 5.1% ka 2007.[28]

Go tshwara ditlhapi

Mekoro ya go tshwara ditlhapi kwa Dakar

Yoff Beach,Senegal 2013

Senegal e na le lefelo le le kgethegileng la go tshwara ditlhapi la boleele jwa dikilometara di le 22 le le ntseng le tlolwa ka metlha mo dingwageng tsa bosheng jaana (go tloga ka 2014). Go ile ga fopholediwa gore batshwaraditlhapi ba naga eno ba latlhegelwa ke ditone di le 300 000 tsa ditlhapi ngwaga le ngwaga ka ntlha ya go tshwara ditlhapi go se ka fa molaong. Puso ya Senegal e lekile go laola go tshwara ditlhapi go go seng ka fa molaong go go dirwang ke dikepe tsa go tshwara ditlhapi, tse dingwe tsa tsone di kwadisitsweng kwa Russia, Mauritania, Belize le Ukraine. Ka Ferikgong 2014, sekepe sa go tshwara ditlhapi sa Russia, Oleg Naydenov, se ne sa gapiwa ke balaodi ba Senegal gaufi le molelwane wa lewatle le Guinea-Bissau.[29]

Mafolofolo

Karolo e ke nopolo go tswa go Maatla kwa Senegal.[tseleganya]

Tlhagiso ya motlakase kwa Senegal go ya ka motswedi

Go tloga ka Moranang 2020, lekala la maatla kwa Senegal le na le bokgoni jo bo tsenngwang jwa dimekawate di le 1431 (MW).[30] Eneji e tlhagisiwa ke badirisi ba poraefete mme e rekisediwa koporasi ya eneji ya Senelec. Go ya ka pegelo ya 2020 ya Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Maatla, Senegal e ne e na le mo e ka nnang 70% ya naga e e golagantsweng le keriti ya bosetšhaba.[31] Maano a ga jaana a puso a go tsenya motlakase a akaretsa dipeeletso mo marang a letsatsi a a sa diriseng keriti le kgolagano le keriti.[32][33]

Bontsi jwa tlhagiso ya maatla e tswa mo ditukising tsa masaledi a dilo tse di epolotsweng, bontsi jwa tsone e le disele le gase (733 ya 864 MW).[34] Palo e e oketsegang ya tlhagiso ya maatla e tswa mo metsweding e e tswelelang pele, e e jaaka Letamo la Manantali kwa Mali le polasi e ntšha ya phefo kwa Thiès e e neng ya bulwa ka 2020—le fa go ntse jalo, e sa ntse e le karolo e nnye ya tlhagiso yotlhe. Le fa go nnile le koketsego ya tlhagiso ka dingwaga tsa bo 2010, ikonomi e kgorelediwa gangwe le gape ke tlhaelo ya maatla fa e bapisiwa le tlhokego.

Dipalopalo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Setlhogo se segolo: Dipalopalo tsa Senegal

Baagi ba Senegal go tloga ka 1960 go ya go 2017 (ka dimilione)

Senegal e na le baagi ba ka nna dimilione di le 18, mme mo e ka nnang diperesente di le 42 tsa bone ba nna kwa metseselegaeng. Kitlano mo mafelong ano e farologana go tswa go baagi ba ka nna 77 mo sekwere sa kilometara (200/sq mi) mo kgaolong ya bophirima-bogare go ya go ba le 2 mo sekwere sa kilometara (5.2/sq mi) mo karolong e e omileng ya botlhaba.

Metswedi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. ↑ /ˌsɛnɪˈɡɔːl, -ˈɡɑːl/ ⓘ; French: Sénégal; Wolof: Senegaal; Pulaar: 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭, romanized: Senegaali; Serer: Senegaal; Arabic: السنغال, romanized: al-Sinigāl
  2. ↑ French: République du Sénégal; Wolof: Réewum Senegaal; Pulaar : 𞤈𞤫𞤲𞤣𞤢𞥄𞤲𞤣𞤭 𞤅𞤫𞤲𞤫𞤺𞤢𞥄𞤤𞤭 (Renndaandi Senegaali); Arabic: جمهورية السنغال, romanized: Jumhūriyya al-Sinigāl
  3. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guinea-Bissau
  4. ↑ "Senegal's Constitution of 2001 with Amendments through 2016" (PDF). Constitute Project (in Sekgoa). Archived (PDF) from the original on 10 April 2023. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  5. ↑ "African Studies Center| African Languages at Penn". Center for African Studies at University of Pennsylvania. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-20.
  6. ↑ Falola, Toyin (2017-11-30). Africanizing Knowledge: African Studies Across the Disciplines (in Sekgoa). Routledge. p. 190. ISBN 978-1-351-32438-0.
  7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 "Senegal". The World Factbook (in Sekgoa). Central Intelligence Agency. 2022-08-23. Archived from the original on 4 February 2021. Retrieved 2024-01-23.
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, October 2023 Edition. (Senegal)". International Monetary Fund. 10 October 2023. Retrieved 15 October 2023.
  9. ↑ "Gini Index". World Bank. Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 2 March 2011.
  10. ↑ "Human Development Report 2023/2024" (PDF) (in Sekgoa). United Nations Development Programme. 13 March 2024. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.
  11. ↑ "Which Countries Border The Gambia?". WorldAtlas. 28 August 2018. Archived from the original on 25 September 2023. Retrieved 19 September 2023.[1]
  12. ↑ Janet H. Gritzner, Charles F. Gritzner – 2009, Senegal – Page 8
  13. ↑ culturetrip (31 May 2018). "The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name". Culture Trip. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 19 September 2023.[2]
  14. ↑ "World Population Prospects 2022". United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 17 July 2022.[3]
  15. ↑ Jacques Leclerc (4 October 2010). "Sénégal". Trésor de la langue française au Québec. Archived from the original on 29 February 2012. Retrieved 17 March 2012.[4]
  16. ↑ Pariona, Amber (27 September 2017). "What Languages Are Spoken in Senegal?". WorldAtlas. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.[5]
  17. ↑ Holloway, Beetle (31 May 2018). "The Real Story Behind Senegal's Name". Culture Trip. Archived from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2018.[6]
  18. ↑ Klein, Martin A., Islam and Imperialism in Senegal: Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914, p. 7, Edinburgh University Press (1968) ISBN 0-8047-0621-2[7]
  19. ↑ Gravrand, Henry, La civilisation Sereer, Pangool, p. 13. Dakar, Nouvelles Editions Africaines (1990), ISBN 2-7236-1055-1
  20. ↑ "Senegal election: President Macky Sall wins second term", BBC News, 28 February 2019, archived from the original on 13 May 2019, retrieved 10 August 2019
  21. ↑ "Senegal's top court confirms Bassirou Diomaye Faye's election victory". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 27 April 2024. Retrieved 29 April 2024.[8]
  22. ↑ "Senegal – Country report – Freedom in the World – 2014". Freedomhouse.org. Archived from the original on 10 October 2014. Retrieved 23 August 2017.[9]
  23. ↑ "Senegal Votes to do Away With Senate to Save Money". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2012.[10]
  24. ↑ The Economist, The African Century, March 28th 2020.
  25. ↑  This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  26. ↑ "Senegal factsheet: Climate information and agricultural planning". 2016report.futureclimateafrica.org. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 22 April 2020.
  27. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Agricultural_Service
  28. ↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_Agricultural_Service
  29. ↑ 'Russia says factory ship was seized on Greenpeace's orders; Trawler held by Senegal over alleged illegal fishing' by John Vidal The Guardian (UK newspaper) 10 January 2014 page 23
  30. ↑ "Power Africa in Senegal | Power Africa". USAID. 16 April 2020. Archived from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  31. ↑ "Power Africa in Senegal | Power Africa". USAID. 16 April 2020. Archived from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  32. ↑ "Power Africa in Senegal | Power Africa". USAID. 16 April 2020. Archived from the original on 19 May 2016. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  33. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160519033840/https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/senegal
  34. ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20160519033840/https://www.usaid.gov/powerafrica/senegal


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