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Setlhare sa Mophane

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Setlhare sa Mophane

Mophane gantsi e bitswa mopane,[1] mopani,[2] setlhare sa serurubele,[1][3]setlhare sa turpentine,[1][3] kgotsa setlhare sa balsam,[1][3]ke setlhare sa legume (Fabaceae), se se golang mo mafelong a a mogote, a a omileng, a a kwa tlase, a a botelele jwa dimetara di le makgolo a mabedi go ya go di le sekete le makgolo a mabedi (660 go ya go 3,940 ft),[4] mo dikarolong tsa Borwa jwa Aforika. Setlhare seno se fitlhelwa fela mo Afrika mme ke sone fela sa mofuta wa Colophospermum. Matlhare a yone a a tlhomologileng a a bopegileng jaaka serurubele (a a nang le matlhare a mabedi) le peo e tshesane e e bopegileng jaaka diphilo/mo e batlang e le khutlonne[5]e dira gore go nne motlhofo go e lemoga.

Le fa e le thata e bile e le thata e bile go le thata go dira ka yone, e tsewa e le botlhokwa thata mo mefuteng yotlhe ya dikago ka ntlha ya gore e kgona go emelana le ditshoswane. [6] [7][8]Mmogo le motlhwa wa kamela le legong la leadwood, ke nngwe ya ditlhare tse tharo tse di botlhokwa mo kgaolong, ka ntlha ya mogote o o nnelang ruri, [9] mme dikgwa tseno gape ke dingwe tsa tse di dirisediwang go apaya.[10]

Lefelo le se fitlhelwang mo go lone

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Mopane e fitlhelwa mo mafelong a a kwa tlase go tswa mo dimetareng di le makgolo a mabedi (660 ft) (Mozambique) go ya go tse sekete le makgolo a mabedi (3,900 ft) (Zimbabwe). [4][11]

Tlholego ya Mophane

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Matlhare a mabedi a papilionaceous ,ke dmoriti wa le lengwe mme o tswang mo letlhareng le le tshwanang. 12]


O lholegile mo Borwa jwa Aforika, lefelo la yone la bonno le kgaogantswe ka dikgaolo tse pedi "kgaolo ya Angola", ke gore, kgaolo ya dikgwa tsa mopane tsa Angola, e e akaretsang Borwa jwa Angola le bokonebophirima jwa Namibia, le "kgaolo ya Zambezian", ke gore kgaolo ya dikgwa tsa Zambezian le mopane e e anameng mo mafelong a a kwa tlase a Noka ya Zambezi le melatswana ya yona go kgabaganya dinaga tsa Zambia, Borwa jwa Malawi, dikarolo tse dingwe tsa Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Eswatini / Swaziland le bokone jwa Aforika Borwa. [8][12][13]

Mmu le popego ya sone

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Le fa se rata mmu wa letsopa o o boteng o o nang le esiti e nnye, e bile e le o o senyegang motlhofo,[14]se gola gape mo mebung e e nang le alkaline (e e nang le kalaka e ntsi) e e seng boteng e bile e se na metsi a a lekaneng.[14] Gape se gola mo mmung wa alluvial (mmu o o beilweng ke dinoka).[14] Fa e leng teng, gantsi ke mofuta wa ditlhare tse di laolang, gantsi e dira ditlhatshana tse di tshwanang.[15]

Mo kgaolong ya Zambezian e e tlhalositsweng fa godimo, boleele jwa ditlhare bo farologana fela thata, mme ditlhare tse dikgolo tse di nang le kutu e le nngwe tsa 10 go ya go 15 m (33 go ya go 49 ft) di fitlhelwa mo dikgweng tse di bulegileng tsa savannah mo mmung wa alluvial (wa motlhaba), di bopa dikgwa tsa kanopi, e bile di fitlha go 18m ka boleele mo go se se bidiwang "cathedral mopane" ya Zambia.[15][16]Setlhare se se tshwanang gape se fitlhelwa se sa gola sentle jaaka (multi-stemmed[17][15]) shrubbery e e ka nnang 1 go ya go 2 kgotsa 3 m (3.3 go ya go 6.6 kgotsa 9.8 ft) mo mmung wa letsopa[16][18] kgotsa mmu o o sa tseneng wa alkaline.[15]Ka jalo metsi kgotsa kgelelo ya metsi go lebega e le selo se se bakang go sa gole sentle, le fa gone go na le mabaka a mangwe a a neng a akantshiwa.[17]Dikgolo tseno tse di sa goleng sentle ka dinako tse dingwe di bidiwa "mopane scrub" (go bua ka sekgwa).[18] [5]Ditlhare ga di kitla di fetoga go nna dikgwa tse ditelele.[19]

Metswedi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. 1 2 3 4 "Colophospermum mopane". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 15 December 2017.
  2. ↑ "Mopane | The Wood Database – Lumber Identification (Hardwood)". Retrieved 25 June 2020.
  3. 1 2 3 Quattrocchi, Umberto (1999). "Colophospermum mopane Kirk ex J. Léonard". CRC World Dictionary of Plant Names: Common Names, Scientific Names, Eponyms, Synonyms, and Etymology. Vol. 1. CRC Press. p. 587. ISBN 9780849326752.
  4. 1 2 Timberlake (1995), p. 7
  5. 1 2 Praciak, Andrew, ed. (2013). "Colophospermum mopane (Kirk ex Benth.) J. Leonard / Mopane". The CABI Encyclopedia of Forest Trees. CABI. pp. 127–128. ISBN 9781780642369.
  6. ↑ Seely [et al.](1992), p. 33 apud Hangula (1998), p. 13
  7. ↑ Flower, Charlotte; Wardell-Johnson, G.; Jamieson, Andrew (2004). "Introduction". In Flower, Charlotte; Wardell-Johnson, G.; Jamieson, Andrew (eds.). Management of Mopane in Southern Africa: Proceedings of a Workshop Held at Ogongo Agricultural College, Northern Namibia, 26th to 29th November, 1996. Namibia. Directorate of Forestry. p. xviii. [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780869765098 ISBN 9780869765098.]
  8. 1 2 Lemmens, R.H.M.J.; Louppe, D.; Oteng-Amoako, A.A. (2012). "Colophospermum mopane (Benth.) J. Léonard". Timbers 2. Wageningen, Netherlands: PROTA. p. 211. [./Https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789290814955 ISBN 9789290814955.]
  9. ↑ Mendelsohn, John M.; El Obeid, Selma (2005). Forests and Woodlands of Namibia. Namibia. Directorate of Forestry. p. 63. ISBN 9789991678030.
  10. ↑ Biller, Hilary (2012). "Cook's notes". Fuss-free Braais. Penguin Random House South Africa. p. PT7. ISBN 9781432301187.
  11. ↑ Another quote gives upper limit of 1000m (–1300m).
  12. ↑ Shorrocks, Bryan; Bates, William (2015). "Savannahs". The Biology of African Savannahslocation=. Oxford University Press. p. 19. ISBN 9780198702702.
  13. ↑ Huntley, Brian John (2023). "15.1 Angolan Mopane Woodlands (Ecoregion 12)". Ecology of Angola: Terrestrial Biomes and Ecoregions. Springer Nature. pp. 340–341 and Fig. 15.1. ISBN 9783031189234.
  14. 1 2 3 Lemmens, Louppe & Oteng-Amoako (2012), p. 214
  15. 1 2 3 4 Shorrocks & Bates (2015): "The [southern African] 'tree and shrub' savannahs are characterised by the dominance of the mopane tree."; "Here [in the Zambezian region] the mopane tree is frequently the sole canopy species.."
  16. 1 2 Scholtz, Clarke; Scholtz, Jenny; de Klerk, Hennie (2021). "7. Savanna Biome". Pollinators, Predators & Parasites. Penguin Random House South Africa. Mopane Woodland. ISBN 9781775846321.
  17. 1 2 Teshirogi, Koki (March 2010). "Influence of Geomorphology on the Physiognomy of Colophospermum mopane and its Effect on Browsing in Central Namibia" (PDF). African Study Monographs (Suppl.40): 103.
  18. 1 2 Thomas & Shaw (1991), citing Wellington (1955).
  19. ↑ Thomas, David S. G.; Shaw, Paul A. (1991). "4. Climate, soils and vegetation of the Kalahari". The Kalahari Environment. Cambridge University Press. p. 105. ISBN 9780521370806.
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