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Short Creek raid

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Tlhaselo ya kwa Short Creek e ne e le kgato ya Lefapha la Polokesego ya Setšhaba la Arizona le Arizona National Guard kgatlhanong le Ba-Mormon ba ba neng ba le kgatlhanong le tumelo ya motheo e e neng ya diragala mo mosong wa July 26, 1953, kwa Short Creek, Arizona. Tlhaselo ya kwa Short Creek e ne e le yone e kgolo go di gaisa tsotlhe mo hisitoring ya Amerika ya go tshwara batho ba le bantsi ba ba nyetseng lefufa[1][2]

Ditiragalo

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Pele fela ga fa letsatsi le tlhaba ka July 26, 1953, mapodise a le 102 a Arizona a pabalesego ya setšhaba le masole a Arizona National Guard ba ne ba tsena kwa Short Creek. Batho ba ba neng ba le mo lefelong leo, ba ba neng ba na le maloko a bodumedi jwa motheo a Ba-Mormon a ka nna 400, ba ne ba boleletswe ka tlhaselo e e neng e rulagantswe mme ba ne ba fitlhelwa ba opela difela mo kagong ya sekolo fa bana ba ntse ba tshameka kwa ntle. Setšhaba sotlhe se ne sa tsenngwa mo kgolegelong, ntle fela le batho ba le barataro ba go neng ga fitlhelwa gore ga se Ba-Mormon ba bodumedi jwa motheo. [3] Mo go ba ba neng ba tshwerwe go ne go na le bana ba le 263. Bana ba le lekgolo le masome a matlhano ba ba neng ba tshwerwe ba ne ba sa letlelelwa go boela kwa batsading ba bone go feta dingwaga di le pedi, mme batsadi bangwe ga ba ise ba ko ba bone tlhokomelo ya bana ba bone gape.[4]

Tsela e setšhaba le metswedi ya tshedimosetso e tsibogang ka yone

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Kgosana ya Arizona John Howard Pyle kwa tshimologong o ne a bitsa tlhaselo eo a re ke "tiro e e botlhokwa ya sepodisi kgatlhanong le botsuolodi"[5][6]mme a tlhalosa gore batho ba bodumedi jwa motheo ba Ba-Mormon ba ne ba nna le seabe mo "mokgweng o o maswe go gaisa o o ka o akanyang" o o neng o diretswe go dira "batho ba basweu makgoba".[7] Pyle o ne a laleditse babegadikgang ba ba fetang 100 gore ba tsamaye le mapodise go ya go bona tlhaselo eo. Le fa go ntse jalo, go tlhasela le ditsela tse go neng go dirwa ka tsone go ne ga ngoka tlhokomelo e e sa siamang thata ya metswedi ya dikgang; lokwalodikgang longwe lo ne lwa kwala jaana mo setlhogong sa lone sa bagatisi:

Ke go akanya gofe go go ka dirang gore ditiro tsa bana ba kwa Short Creek di tsewe e le botsuolodi? A basha bao ba ba neng ba tshameka volleyball mo jarateng ya sekolo ba ne ba tlhotlheletsa botsuolodi? Go tsuologa? Fa e le gore go ntse jalo, go tla nna le dikhuduego tse di tla dirwang ka diaper le dibolo tsa volleyball! [8]

Mo bekeng e e tshwanang le eo Tumalano ya Khutliso ya Ntwa ya Korea e neng ya saenwa ka yone, tlhaselo eno e ne ya tuma thata mo metsweding ya dikgang go ralala United States, go akaretsa le mo ditlhogong tsa Time[9] le Newsweek,[10] mme metswedi e mentsi ya dikgang e ne ya tlhalosa tlhaselo eno e le "e e makgapha" kgotsa "e e seng ya Amerika".[11] Mokwadi mongwe o ne a akantsha gore dikakgelo tse di malebana le tlhaselo eno e ne e le "gongwe e le lekgetlho la ntlha mo hisitoring ya gore batho ba ba nyetseng basadi ba bantsi ba Amerika ba ne ba amogelwa ke metswedi ya dikgang ka tsela e e neng e bontsha kutlwelobotlhok[12] Yo mongwe o ne a akantsha gore tlhaselo eo "e tshwana fela le ya kwa Amerika e e neng ya dirwa ke puso kgatlhanong le Baamerika ba Tlholego mo lekgolong la bo19 la dingwaga". [13]

Fa Pyle a ne a latlhegelwa ke tshono ya gagwe ya go tlhophiwa gape ka 1954 ke moemedi wa Democratic, Ernest McFarland, Pyle o ne a pega molato wa ditlamorago tsa tlhaselo eo ka gore e ne ya senya tiro ya gagwe ya sepolotiki.[14]

Thuso e e Tswang go Kereke ya ga Jesu Keresete ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo

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Nngwe ya metswedi e mmalwa ya dikgang e e neng ya dumedisa tlhaselo e ne e le Deseret News ya Salt Lake City, e e neng e le ya Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church).[15]The News e ne ya akgola kgato eo jaaka karabo e e tlhokegang go thibela gore batho ba ba tsayang dilo masisi ba se ka ba nna "mofuta wa kankere e e ka se kang ya baakanngwa ke motho". Fa pampiri eo e ne e tlhalosa ka fa e tshegetsang ka teng go kgaoganya bana le batsadi ba bone ba ba nyetseng basadi ba bantsi, go ne ga nna le kganetso kgatlhanong le pampiri eo le kereke ka palo ya Baitshepi ba Malatsi a Bofelo, go akaretsa Juanita Brooks, yo o neng a ngongorega ka gore phuthego ya kereke e ne e amogela "selo se se setlhogo le se se bosula jaaka go tsaya bana ba bannye mo go bommaabone" Tlhaselo ya kwa Short Creek e ne e le kgato ya bofelo kgatlhanong le boramatlotlo ba Ba-Mormon ba ba nyetseng basadi ba bantsi e e neng e tshegediwa ke Kereke ya LDS.[16]

Ditlamorago

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Morago ga tlhaselo ya kwa Short Creek, morafe o o neng o na le basadi ba bantsi wa Ba-Mormon kwa Short Creek kgabagare o ne wa tsosolosiwa. Short Creek e ne ya bidiwa Colorado City ka 1960. Ka 1991, Ba-Mormon ba ba tsayang dilo masisi kwa Colorado City ba ne ba tlhoma Kereke ya Ba-Fundamentalist ya Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (FLDS Church) semolao. Maloko a lekoko leno a ne a se ka a sekisediwa boitshwaro jwa lone jwa go nyala lefufa go fitlha kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo1990, fa batho ba ba neng ba le nosi ba ne ba simolola go sekisiwa. [17] Ka 2006, moeteledipele wa FLDS Church Warren Jeffs o ne a bewa mo lenaaneng la FBI Ten Most Wanted List; o ne a tshwarwa ka 2007 mme ka 2011 o ne a bonwa molato kwa Texas ka melato e mebedi ya go sotla bana ka thobalano[18] mme a atlholelwa botshelo jotlhe kwa kgolegelong[19]

  1. ↑ Cosgrove, Ben (April 20, 2014). "Photos From a Notorious 1953 Raid on a Polygamist Arizona Town". Time.
  2. ↑ {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  3. ↑ Ken Driggs, "After the Manifesto: Modern Polygamy and Fundamentalist Mormons", Journal of Church and State 32:367 (1990).
  4. ↑ Ken Driggs, "Who Shall Raise the Children? Vera Black and the Rights of Polygamous Utah Parents", Utah Historical Quarterly 60:27 (1992).
  5. ↑ Martha Sonntag Bradley (1993). Kidnapped from That Land : The Government Raids on the Short Creek Polygamists (Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press).
  6. ↑ Parallels to Short Creek raid in 1953 are pointed out". Deseret News. April 10, 2008. Retrieved March 27, 2021. Pyle called it "a momentous police action against insurrection," and described the fundamentalists as "the foulest conspiracy you could possibly imagine," saying it amounted to white slavery.
  7. ↑ Ken Driggs, "After the Manifesto: Modern Polygamy and Fundamentalist Mormons", Journal of Church and State 32:367 (1990).
  8. ↑ Arizona Republic, 1953-07-28
  9. ↑ "The Great Love-Nest Raid". Time magazine. August 3, 1953. Archived from the original on December 22, 2008. Retrieved January 5, 2009.
  10. ↑ "People: The Big Raid", Newsweek, 1953-08-03, p. 26
  11. ↑ Richard S. Van Wagoner (1989). Mormon Polygamy : A History (2d ed) (Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books).
  12. ↑ Stephen Eliot Smith, The "Mormon Question Revisited : Anti-polygamy Laws and the Free Exercise Clause (LL.M. thesis, Harvard Law School, 2005).
  13. ↑ D. Michael Quinn, "Plural Marriage and Mormon Fundamentalism", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, Summer 1998, p. 1.
  14. ↑ Abbie Gripman, "Short Creek Raid Remembered" Archived August 17, 2007, at the Wayback Machine, The Miner, 2002-08-02.
  15. ↑ By the 1950s, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints was opposed to the traditional Mormon practice of plural marriage and excommunicated any of its members that practiced it
  16. ↑ Gordon B. Hinckley, president of the LDS Church, has stated that the decision whether or not to prosecute a Mormon polygamist is "entirely in the hands of the civil officers. It's a civil offence. It's in violation of the law. We have nothing to do with it. We're totally distanced from it. And if the state chooses to move on it, that's a responsibility of civil officers." : Gordon B. Hinckley on Larry King Live, CNN tevevision broadcast, 1998-09-08.
  17. ↑ "The Primer" Archived 2005-01-11 at the Wayback Machine – Helping Victims of Domestic Violence and Child Abuse in Polygamous Communities. A joint report from the offices of the Attorneys General of Arizona and Utah.
  18. ↑ Wagner, Dennis (24 February 2011). "Jailed sect leader retakes legal control of church". USA Today. McLean, Virginia. Retrieved 6 May 2019
  19. ↑ "Polygamist leader Warren Jeffs sentenced to life in prison". CNN.
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