Thosola/Rasephiphi

Syphilis
Electron micrograph of Treponema pallidum
Specialty	Infectious disease
Dikai	Firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulcer
Causes	Treponema pallidum usually spread by sex
Diagnostic method	Blood tests, dark field microscopy of infected fluid
Differential diagnosis	Many other diseases
Prevention	Condoms, not having sex
Treatment	Antibiotics
Frequency	45.4 million / 0.6% (2015)
Deaths	107,000 (2015)

Rasephiphi ke bolwetse jo bo tshelanwang ka tlhakanelodikobo jo bo bakwang ke mogare yo bitswang [./Treponema_<i id= pallidum]. Go kgonagala gore dikai di itshupe. Lefa go ntse jalo, di farologana go ya ka gore ke kgato efe mo go tse nne e e leng teng (ya ntlha, ya bobedi, jo bo iphitlhileng, le ya boraro). Kgato ya ntlha gantsi e itshupa ka sesonyana, se le sengwe (bolwetse jo bo thata, jo bo sa utlwaleng, jo bo se nang ditlhabi jwa letlalo gantsi bo fa gare ga 1 cm le 2 cm ka bophara) le fa go ka nna le dintho di le dintsi.   Mo thosola ya bobedi, go nna le go ruruga go go sa bonaleng sentle, mo gantsi go akaretsang diatla le direthe tsa maoto. Gape go ka nna ga nna le dintho mo molomong kgotsa mo bosading Mo thosola e e sa bonaleng, e e ka tsayang dingwaga, go na le dikai di le mmalwa kgotsa ga go na dikai Mo thosola ya boraro go na le borurugo (go gola go go bonolo, go go seng kankere), mathata a boboko, kgotsa dikai tsa bolwetse jwa pelo. Rasephiphi e itsege jaaka "mo etsa yo mogolo" ka gonne e ka baka dikai tse di tshwanang le tsa malwetsi a mangwe a mantsi.

Rasephiphi e anamisiwa thata ka tlhakanelodikobo. Gape e ka fetisetswa go tswa go mmè go ya kwa ngwaneng ka nako ya boimana kgotsa fa ngwana a tsholwa, e e felelang ka thosola ya tsalo. Malwetsi a mangwe a a bakwang ke mogare wa Treponema a akaretsa di-yaws (subspecies pertenue), Pinta (subspecie carateum), le nonvenereal endemic syphilis (subspeèce endemicum). Malwetsi a mararo ano ga a tshelanwe ka tlhakanelodikobo. Go tlhatlhoba gantsi go dirwa ka go dirisa Ditlhatlhobo tsa madi; megare e ka bonwa gape ka go dirisa maranyane a maekorosekopo a a lefifi. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) e rotloetsa basadi botlhe ba ba itshofetseng gore ba tlhatlhobiwe.

Bodiphatsa jwa go fetisa thosola ka tlhakanelodikobo bo ka fokodiwa ka go dirisa sekausu. Bolwetsi jwa Rasephiphi bo ka alafiwa sentle ka Dibolayamegare. Sebolayamegare se se dirisiwang thata nako e ntsi ke benzathine benzylpenicillin e e tsenngwang ka lemao mo mmeleng. Mo go ba ba nang le go ganana thata le penicillin, go ka dirisiwa doxycycline kgotsa tetracycline. Mo go ba ba nang le Neurosymphilis, go akantshiwa benzylpenicillin kgotsa Ceftriaxone e a rotloediwa. Ka nako ya kalafi batho ba ka nna ba nna le mhikela, go opiwa ke tlhogo, le ditlhabi tsa mmele, e leng mokgwa o o itsegeng jaaka Jarisch-Herxheimer.

Ka ngwaga wa 2022 go ne go na le batho ba le dimilione di roba bobedi ba ba tshwerweng ke bolwetsi jwa thosola mo bagolong ba dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano go ya go tse masome a mane le boroba bongwe lefatshe ka bophara. Mo dingwageng di le masome a mabedi tse di fetileng go nnile le koketsego e kgolo mo lefatsheng lotlhe ya batho ba ba tshwerweng ke bolwetse jo. Ka ngwaga wa 2015, batho ba ka nna dimilione di le 45,4 ba ne ba tsenwa ke bolwetsi jwa thosola, mme ba le dimilione di le thataro ba ne ba na le bolwetse jo.  Ka ngwaga wa 2015, e bakile dintsho di ka nna 107,000, go tswa go 202,000 ka 1990. Morago ga go fokotsega thata ka go nna teng ga mokento wa penicillin ka dingwaga tsa bo 1940, dipalo tsa go amiwa ke bolwetsi di oketsegile go tloga ka tshimologo ya mileniamo mo mafatsheng a mantsi, gantsi di kopane le megare ya human immunodeficiency (HIV). Seno go dumelwa gore ke ka ntlha ya go oketsega ga tlhakanelodikobo, boaka, go fokotsega ga tiriso ya sekausu, le mekgwa e e sa babalesegeng ya tlhakanelodikobo gareng ga banna ba ba tlhakanelang dikobo le banna.