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Tlhaselo mo Gaborone

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Tlhaselo ya Gaborone (e sesole sa Aforika Borwa sa nako eo se neng se e bitsa "Operation Plecksy") e diragaetse ka kgwedi ya Seetebosigo e le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 1985 fa mephato ya sesole sa Aforika Borwa ka taolo ya ga General Constand Vilijoen, e neng ya kgabolela mo Botswana e tlola molao wa mafatshefatshe e bo e tlhasela batho ba ba tswang Aforika Borwa ba tshabetse mo Gaborone, Tlhaselo, e le ya botlhano ka lefatshe la Aforika Borwa mo lefatsheng le le mabapi fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 1981, e bolaile batho ba le lesome le bobedi ba akaretsa basadi le bana; batswasetlhabelo ba le batlhano fela e ne e le maloko a phathi ya sepolotiki ya African National Congress (ANC), e ka nako eo e neng e le yone phathi e tona ya kganetso kgatlhanong le phathi ya batho basweu e e neng e busa ka nako eo.

Tse di diragetseng pele

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka dingwaga tsa 1980, botsalano gareng ga mafatshe a Botswana le Aforika Borwa bo ne bo sa iketla. Makgotla a a kgatlhanong le tlhaolele ya lotso le mmala a tshwana le African National congress a ne a dirisa Botswana le mafatshe a mangwe mo borwa jwa Aforika jaaka botshabelo. le ntswa Botswana a ne a na le molao wa go sa tseye lotlhakore,[1] sesole sa Aforika Borwa se e neng e le sesole sa puso ya tlhaolele se ne sa dira ditlhaselo di le mmalwa go tlola molelwane go tlhasela balweladitshwanelo ba ba kgatlhanong le tlhaolele le batshabi ba Aforika Borwa.

Setlhopha sa baitseanape sa Aforika Borwa, lephata la dikgang tsa mafatshe a sele, lephata la tshireletso le sepodisi, botlhe ba ne ba eme nokeng tlhaselo e.[2]

Masole a Aforika Borwa a ne a itebagantse le mafelo a a latelang mo Gaborone:[3]

  • Plot C, kwa Tlokweng
  • Plot A, kwa Tlokweng
  • 7819 kwa Broadhurst
  • 13212 kwa Broadhurst
  • 2914 kwa Pudulogo Close
  • Kago ya Cycle Mart
  • 15717 kwa Broadhurst

Ka nako e e neng e ka nna ya bongwe e fetilwe ke metsotso e le masome a mane mo mosong wa Seetebosigo a le lesome le bone, masole a Aforika Borwa a ka nna masome a matlhano a ne a tsena mo Botswana gaufi le molelwane wa Tlokweng, go se kgakala le Bophuthatswana.[2] Dipego tse di sa tlhomamisiwang tsa babegadikgang di supile fa mophatho o o ne o tswa kwa Zeerust.[4]Go ya ka Manuel Olifant, lepodisi la pele le le neng le tsaya karolo mo tlhaselong, SADF ba ne ba baakanya ditanka di le masome a matlhano, difofane, le difofane tsa ntwa kwa Zeerust go di dirisa fa lefatshe la Botswana le ka ipusolosetsa, mme di ne tsa seka tsa dirisiwa. Go etelela pele tlhaselo, masole a SADF a ne a thapa masole a Selous Scouts pele, e e leng mophatho o o faphegileng wa mephato ya itshereletso ya Rhodesia.[5] Ma Aforika Borwa ba ne ba kgweetsa selekanyo sa di mile di robabongwe go fitlha kwa ba ba neng ba ba batla kwa Gaborone ba palame dikoloi di robabongwe di beilwe matshwao a dikoloi a puso ya Botswana a a itiretsweng. Go fema go ipusolosetsa ga sesole sa Botswana sa BDF, mophatho o o neng o tlhasetse o ne wa kgaola mesokelatsebeng e e yang kwa mannong a masole ba bo ba anamisa dipekere tsa tshipi mo ditseleng go phufisa dithaere tsa dikoloi tse di tlang.[4]

Sesole sa puso ya Aforika Borwa ya tlhaolele se ne sa thubaka malwapa a le mane, sa senya gape a le mane, sa tsaya ditokomane, ditlhobolo le komputara. Ba ne ba seka ba buisana le ba sesole sa Botswana sa BDF; ba ne ba tlhomamisetsa ba tshireletso ba Botswana ba ba kopaneng le bone gore ba seka ba itshunya nko. Fa ba sena go fetsa maikaelelo a bone, ba Aforika Borwa ba ne ba kopana gape ba boela kwa Aforika Borwa, ba tila ditsela tse BDF e neng e eme kwa go tsone ba bo ba tswala tsela kwa molelwaneng. Babusi ba Aforika Borwa ba ne ba supa fa koloi e na le dirukutlhi tsa ANC e ne ya ba sala morago ba ba thuntsha, se sa baka gore ba senye koloi.[6]

Ba ba bolailweng

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Batlhasedi ba bolaile batho ba le lesome le bobedi ba gobatsa ba le barataro. Lesole la Aforika Borwa le le lengwe le ne la itemogela dikgobalo tse dipotlana. Basupi bare beng gae ba e seng masole ba ne ba bolawa le ntswa dipego tsa SADF di supa go sa nna jalo. Muff Andersson, leloko la pele la Mk, are mo boemong jwa go tlhasela ba sesole ba ba lebaneng, SADF e ne ya tlhopha ba ba utlwelang botlhoko ANC go ba ruta sengwe.[7] O ne a supa gore SADF e ne e sa kgathale ka gore go bolailwe bomang.[7]

Batswasetlhabelo ke ba ba latelang:

  • George Phahle
  • Lindi Phahle
  • Joseph Malaza
  • Basi Zondi
  • Duke Machobane
  • Mosimanyana wa Mosotho o leina la gagwe le sa itseweng
  • Amhed Mohammed Geer, moago wa lotso lwa Dutch o o tsholetsweng kwa Somalia
  • Basadi ba Batswana ba le babedi
  • Mike Hamlyn, moithuti wa Aforika Borwa o a neng a nna mo Botswana
  • Thamsanga Mnyele, motaki wa kwa Aforika Borwa[8]
  • Dick Mtsweni, monna wa dingwaga tse di masome a supa le motso a thapilwe ke ANC e le mokgweetsi.[9]

Ditlamorago

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Tlhaselo e ne ya ipelelwa ke babegadikgang ba Aforika Borwa.[10] General Constand Viljoen o ne a tshwara phuthego ya babegadikgang e mo go yone a neng a supa fa tlhaselo e ne e ikaelela go senya boremelelo jwa kwa African National Congress e direlang teng kgatlhanong le Aforika Borwa kwa Botswana, e babusi ba Aforika Borwa ba neng ba dumela gore go tlaa bolodiwa letsholo la ditlhaselo mabapi le bokopano jwa ANC kwa Lusaka, Zambia bo bo neng bo rulaganyeditswe kgwedi eo. O ne a tlhalosa gore tshwetso ya bofelo ya go dira tlhaselo e dirilwe morago ga gore maloko a mabedi a palamente a bolawe mo tlhaselong ya garanata beke eo. Viljoen o ne a supa gore masole a ne a dirisa digoagoe go gwetlha banni ba Gaborone go iphitlha mo matlong a bone fa tlhaselo e diragala le gore ba ne ba dirisana sentle le babusi ba Botswana, ba ba neng ba ba kopile go sa tsenelele kgang e.[6] Tona wa tsa mafatshe a sele wa Aforika Borwa ebile e le o o tshwareletseng tona wa tshireletso Pik Botha o ne a ntsha mokwalo o o reng "le ntswa Aforika Borwa a ikaeletse go baakanya diphapaano tsa gagwe le ba ba mabapi ka kagiso, ga a ka ke a okaoka go tsaya kgato epe fela e e tshwanetseng go sireletsa batho ba gagwe le go emisa borukutlhi jo bo ikaelelang go bolaya le go senyaka lefatshe le kgaolo.[6]

ANC e ne ya supa fa batho ba le batlhano fela ba ba bolailweng mo tlhaselong e le bone ba ba neng ba amana le lekgotla.[11] Mo Aforika Borwa, tlhaselo e ne ya kgalwa ke Bishop Desmond Tutu, le khansele ya dikereke, le maloko a phathi ya Progressive Federal. Lefatshe la United States le ne la busa moemedi wa lone kwa Aforika Borwa go tshwara dipuisano.[6] Moemedi wa United Kingdom kwa United Nations o ne a re "lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le ne le sena mabaka ape a go tsuolola ditshwanelo le go bolaya le go gobatsa batho ba ba senang molato."[12]

Ramasole wa Botswana Mompati Merafhe, o ne a bitsa phuthego ya babegadikgang morago ga tlhaselo go bua ka magatwe a gore puso ya Botswana e ne e boleletswe ka tlhaselo pele ga nako mme ya seka ya tsaya kgato epe.[4] O ne a gana magatwe a a bo a supa fa BDF e ne e tsibogetse tlhaselo ka go tswala ditsela gareng ga Gaborone le molelwane ka maiteko a go fema go sia ga ma Aforika Borwa. O ne a supa gape gore BDF e ne e sena babereki ba ba lekaneng go sireletsa mo melelwaneng ya Botswana le Aforika Borwa le gore sesole se tla lebelela methale ya sone ya go berekisana le ditlhaselo.

Le ntswa e reteletswe ke go emisa tlhaselo, BDF e ne ya seka ya kgalelwa ditiro tsa yone ke babusi ba Botswana, ba ba neng ba lebaganya tšhakgalo ya bone le Aforika Borwa. Ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le bosupa ngwaga wa 1985, moemedi wa Botswana kwa United Nations o ne a romela lokwalo kwa go tautona wa khansele ya tshireletso ya United Nations a kopa thuso go berekisana le tlhaselo. Moemedi o o tswang kwa Aforika Borwa o ne a romela lokwalo letsatsi lone leo a supa fa lefatshe la Botswana le ne le tlhagisitswe ka ditlhopha tse di tshwanang le ANC, a supa fa "lefatshe le na le tshwanelo ya go tsaya kgato e e maleba go sireletsa lefatshe le tlotlo kgatlhanong le ditlhaselo tsa mofuta oo." Tona wa mafatshe a sele wa Botswana o ne a re bosupi jwa gore ditiro tsa botsoulodi di simologile mo Botswana bo ne bo itlhametswe. Aforika Borwa e ne ya tsiboga ka gore ka Botswana a ne a sa baya monwana tumalano ya Nkomati ya thokgamo, ANC e ne ya kgona go dirisa Botswana e le boremelelo jwa ditlhaselo tsa yone. Khansele ya tshireletso e ne ya fetisa molao wa bo makgolo a matlhano, masome a marataro le borobabobedi, e kgala tlhaselo ebile e kopa gore lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le phimole la Botswana dikeledi. United Nations e ne ya ntsha setlhopha go ya Botswana go balelela ditshenyegelo tse di bakilweng ke tlhaselo, mme Aforika Borwa e ne ya seka ya ntsha tuelo epe. Botsalano gareng ga mafatshe oo mabedi bo ne jwa wela tlase morago ga gore Aforika Borwa e dire tlhaselo go kgabaganya molelwane ka Motsheganong ngwaga wa 1986.

Puso ya Botswana e ne ya aga gape lengwe la malwapa a a sentsweng ka tlhaselo go nna segopotso sa ba ba bolailweng. Segopotso sa Freedom park, se ne sa agiwa kwa Pretoria go tlotla batswasetlhabelo ba dipogisego tsa tlhaolele, di akaretsa tlhaselo kwa Gaborone. Maloko a le mmalwa wa maphata a tshireletso kwa Aforika Borwa a ne a kopa maitshwarelo kwa komisioning ya boammaruri le kagisano, Masika le ba ba neng ba itse batswasetlhabelo ba ne ba nna kgatlhanong le kopo maitshwarelo.

  1. ↑ Europa Publications (9 December 2003). Psychology Press (ed.). Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Europa Regional Surveys of the World 2004 Series (33 ed.). Psychology Press. p. 1360. ISBN 9781857431834.
  2. 1 2 Dale, Richard (1995). Botswana's Search for Autonomy in Southern Africa. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 9780313295713.
  3. ↑ Joint Publications Research Service (22 August 1985). "Sub-Saharan Africa Report" (PDF). Arlington, Virginia, USA. p. 178. Archived from the original on 9 May 2024. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
  4. 1 2 3 Dale 1995, p. 56
  5. ↑ "Amnesty seeker tells of SADF raid on Gaborone". Independent Online. South African Press Association. 20 November 2000. Archived from the original on 7 April 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Parks, Michael (15 June 1985). "U.S. Recalls Ambassador to Protest S. African Raids : 16 Killed in Attack on Guerrillas in Botswana". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 16 June 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
  7. 1 2 "Amnesty for Gaborone raiders opposed". News24. South African Press Association. 21 November 2000. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
  8. ↑ "Botswana remembers the raid on Gaborone". Freedom Park. 5 June 2003. p. 2. Archived from the original on 27 July 2012. Retrieved 14 July 2025
  9. ↑ "Dick Mtsweni and the Gaborone Raid". 28 May 2008. Archived from the original on 10 December 2013. Retrieved 14 July 2025
  10. ↑ Carlin, John (2008). Playing the Enemy: Nelson Mandela and the Game that Made a Nation (reprint ed.). Penguin. ISBN 9781594201745.
  11. ↑ "Gaborone raid". Truth Commission Special Report. South African Broadcasting Corporation. Retrieved 14 July 2025.
  12. ↑ United Nations Department of Political Affairs (2000). Repertoire of the Practice of the Security Council: Supplement 1985-1988. United Nations Publications. ISBN 9789211370294.
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