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Tshomarelo ya metsi

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Setempe sa poso sa Amerika sa 1960 se se buelelang tshomarelo ya metsi

Tshomarelo ya metsi e ikaelela go laola motswedi wa tlholego wa metsi a a phepa ka tsela e e tswelelang, go sireletsa lobopo la metsi, le go fitlhelela ditlhokego tsa batho tsa bogompieno le tsa isago. Go somarela metsi go dira gore go kgonege go tila tlhaelo ya metsi. E akaretsa melawana yotlhe, ditogamaano le ditiro tsa go fitlhelela maikaelelo ano. Baagi, bogolo jwa malapa le kgolo le khumo tsotlhe di ama gore metsi a dirisiwa go le kana kang.

Le fa mareo a "bokgoni jwa metsi" le "tshomarelo ya metsi" a dirisiwa ka go ananya ga a tshwane. Bokgoni jwa metsi ke ditokafatso jaaka maranyane a masha a a thusang ka bokgoni le phokotso ya go dirisa metsi. Ka fa letlhakoreng le lengwe, go somarela metsi ke tiro ya go somarela metsi. Ka bokhutshwane, bokgoni jwa metsi bo amana le tlhabololo le dipopontsha tse di thusang go dirisa metsi ka bokgoni mme tshomarelo ya metsi ke tiro ya go sireletsa kgotsa go somarela metsi.[1]

Phetogo ya loapi le mabaka a mangwe a okeditse kgatelelo mo metsweding ya tlholego ya metsi. Segolobogolo mo nosetsong ya tlhagiso le ya temothuo.[2] Mafatshe a le mantsi a atlegile go diragatsa melawana ya go sireletsa tshomarelo ya metsi.[3] Go na le ditiro di le mmalwa tsa botlhokwa tsa go somarela metsi. E nngwe ke phokotso e e mosola ya tatlhegelo ya metsi, tiriso le tshenyo ya didirisiwa.[4] Se sengwe ke go tila tshenyo epe mo boleng jwa metsi. Ya boraro ke go tokafatsa mekgwa ya taolo ya metsi e e fokotsang tiriso kgotsa e tokafatsa tiriso e e mosola ya metsi.[5][6]

Ditharabololo tsa maranyane di teng; tsa tiriso ya mo malapeng, mo kgwebong le mo temothuong go fokotsa tiriso/tatlhegelo ya metsi. Mananeo a tshomarelo ya metsi a a amegang mo ditharabololong tsa loago ka tlwaelo a simololwa mo maemong a selegae, ke ditirelo tsa metsi tsa khansele kgotsa mebuso ya dikgaolo.


Maikaelelo a tirso e botlhale ya metsi

Go somarela metsi ke tiro ya go babalela metsi. E re ntswa go somarela metsi ele sengwe se batho ba ntseng ba se dira, go ne ga anama thata ka mabaka a mantsi. Mabaka ao a akaretsa thaelo ya metsi, go tlhatloga ga ditshenyegelo tsa maranyane a kobo ya metsi, ditaelo tsa molao wa mmuso, keletso ya batho ya go babalela tikologo, le go nna mmepe gore go somarela mesti ga go sa thole go lere madi. [7]Thaelo ya kabo ya se se tsewang ele ditsompelo tse di iseng di fele ke sone se batho ba bansti ba se lebeletseng fa ba dirisa ditsela tsa go somarela metsi.[8]

Maano a go somarela metsi

Maano a go tofofatsa tshomarelo ya metsi a na le dipopego tse di tshwanang tse di akaretsang go fokotsa tshenyego ya metsi le go senywa ga ditsompelo ka tsela e e nang le mosola, go tila tshenyo epe ya boleng jwa metsi, le go tokofatsa ditsela tsa tsamaiso ya metsi tse di fokotsang tiriso kgotsa tse di oketsang tiriso e e nang le mosola ya metsi.

Leano le lengwe la go somarela metsi ke go phutha metsi a pula.[9] Go epa matamo, makadiba, mefore, go oketsa mafelo a go bolokela metsi, le go senya ditsela tse di farologanyeng tsa go phutha metsi a pula. Batho ba bantsi mo mafatsheng a mantsi ba boloka ditshelo tse di phepha gore ba kgone go a bedisa le go a nwa, se se thusa go tlamela ba ba thokang ka metsi. [9]Metsi a pula a a phutilweng a ba a tlhotlha aka dirisetswa matlo a boiteketso, go nosetsa ditshingwana tsa malapa, go nosetsa bojang, le ditiro tse dipotlana tsa temo-thuo.[9]

Leano le lengwe gape la go somarela metsi ke go babalela ditsompelo tsa mtsi a a kafaa tlase ga lefatshe.[10] Fa pula e na, mangwe a metsi a tsenelela mo mmung mme aye kafa tlase ga lefatshe.[11] Metsi a a mo lefelong lele tletseng mesting le, a bidiwa metsi a a kafa tase ga lefatshe e se ka ya kgona go dirisetswwa go nwiwa ele metsi a a phepa,[12] mme go itshajafatsa ka tlhago ga metsi a kafa tlase ga lefatshe a akaretsa ditanka tsa polokelo, ditsamaiso tsa thoto ya leswe, matlakala, dikgotlelo tsa loapi, dikhemikale, le matswai a ditsela.[13] Go kgotlelesega ga metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefatshe go fokotsa go itshajafatsa ga metsi a a phepa a a leng teng, ka jalo go tsaya ditsela tsa tshireletso ka go babalela ditsompelo tsa metsi a a kafa tlase ga lefathse kgatlhanong le kgotlgo ke ntlha e e botlhokwa thata ya tshomarelo ya metsi.[14]

Leano le lengwe gape la go boloka metsi ke godirisa mekgwa e e tswelelang ya go dirisa metswedi ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe.[9] Metsi a akaha tlase ga lefathse a elela ka ntlha ya maatla a kgogedi mme kwa bofelong a tsena mo melapong.[10]Go pompa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe ka tsela e e feletseng go dira gore maemo a metsi a fokotsege, mme fa go tswelela jalo, go ka felela ka go fedisa motswedi yoo wa metsi.[9] Metsi amo godimo ga lefatshe le fa tlase ga lefatshe a gokagane, mme tiriso e e feltseng ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e ka fokotsa tsotlhe phepelo ya metsi mo matsheng, dinokeng le melapong.[11] Mo dikgaolong tse di gaufi le lewatle, go pompa metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe ka bontsi go ka dira gore metsi a letswai a tsene mo metsing a phepa mme seno se ka kgotlela tlamelo ya metsi ao. [11]Tiriso e tswelenang ya metsi a ka fa tlase ga lefatshe e botlhokwa thata mo pabalesegong ya metsi.

Karolo ya motheo ya leano la pabalesego ya metsi ke tshotlhe tsa puisano le thuto mabapi le manaeo a metsi.[12] Go aga puisano e e rutang batsamisi ba lefatshe, baagi ba ba dirang melao, balemi le sechaba ka kakaretso ka tswa saense ke leano le lengwe la botlhokwa mo pabalesegong ya metsi.[12] Go tlhalosa saense ya ka moo ditsamaiso tsa metsi di dirang ka teng ke karolo ya botlhokwa mo go tlhomeng leano la taolo ya metsi mme gantsi go dirisiwa go netefatsa gore leano le le siameng le a diragadiwa.[12]

Go boloka metsi go botlhokwa thata gore mafelo a diphologolo le tsotlhe tse di tshelang mo tlholegong a sirelediwe. Go na le ditshedi dile dintsi mo mafelong a a mogote o o itekanetseng tse di amiwang ke tlhaelo ya metsi.[13] Gape, ditshidi dile dintsi tse di tshelang mo metsing a phepa di simolola go utlwa ditlamorago tsa kgotlelo ya metsi ka gonne e senya tikologo ka tsone.[13]

"Letsatsi La Lefatshe la Metsi" le ketekwa ka 22 Mopitlwe[14]

Ditharabololo tsa Loago

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. ↑ Maddaus, Lisa A.; Maddaus, Michelle L.; Maddaus, William O.; Matyas, Chris A. (2014). "Pursuing more efficient water use: The history and future of water conservation in the United States". Journal (American Water Works Association). 106 (8): 150–163. Bibcode:2014JAWWA.106h.150M. doi:10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0115. ISSN 0003-150X.
  2. ↑ "Measures to reduce personal water use - Defra - Citizen Space". consult.defra.gov.uk. Retrieved Seetebosigo a le garataro ka 2026.
  3. ↑ "Cases in Water Conservation: How Efficiency Programs Help Water Utilities Save Water and Avoid Costs". EPA.gov. US Environmental Protection Agency.
  4. ↑ Duane D. Baumann; John J. Boland; John H. Sims (April 1984). "Water Conservation: The Struggle over Definition". Water Resources Research. 20 (4): 428–434. Bibcode:1984WRR....20..428B. doi:10.1029/WR020i004p00428.
  5. ↑ Vickers, Amy (2002). Water Use and Conservation. Amherst, MA: water plow Press. p. 434. ISBN 978-1-931579-07-0.
  6. ↑ Geerts, Sam; Raes, Dirk (2009). "Review: Deficit irrigation as an on-farm strategy to maximize crop water productivity in dry areas". Agricultural Water Management. 96 (9): 1275–1284. Bibcode:2009AgWM...96.1275G. doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2009.04.009.
  7. ↑ Maddaus, Lisa A.; Maddaus, Michelle L.; Maddaus, William O.; Matyas, Chris A. (2014). "Pursuing more efficient water use: The history and future of water conservation in the United States". Journal (American Water Works Association). 106 (8): 150–163. Bibcode:2014JAWWA.106h.150M. doi:10.5942/jawwa.2014.106.0115. ISSN 0003-150X.
  8. ↑ Garcia-Cuerva, Laura; Berglund, Emily Z.; Binder, Andrew R. (October 2016). "Public perceptions of water shortages, conservation behaviors, and support for water reuse in the U.S." Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 113: 106–115. Bibcode:2016RCR...113..106G. doi:10.1016/j.resconrec.2016.06.006.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 Kumar Kurunthachalam, Senthil (2014). "Water Conservation and Sustainability: An Utmost Importance". Hydrol Current Res.
  10. 1 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_conservation#cite_note-:22-10
  11. 1 2 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_conservation#cite_note-:22-10
  12. 1 2 3 4 "Potential threats to Groundwater". groundwater.org/. The Groundwater Foundation."Potential threats to Groundwater". groundwater.org/. The Groundwater Foundation.
  13. 1 2 3 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_conservation#cite_note-:32-11
  14. 1 2 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_conservation#cite_note-:12-9
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