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Tumalano ya Paris

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Tumalano ya Paris ( e gape e bidiwang Ditumalano tsa Paris kgotsa Ditumalano tsa Seemo sa Loapi tsa Paris ) ke tumalano ya boditšhabatšhaba ka ga phetogo ya seemo sa loapi e e neng ya bewa monwana ka 2016 . [1] Tumalano e e akaretsa phokotso ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, tlwaelo, le tsa madi . Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya buisanwa ke makoko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le borataro kwa Phuthegong ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ya 2015 gaufi le Paris, kwa Fora . Go ema ka Firikgong 2026, maloko a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone a Tumalano ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (UNFCCC) ke makoko a tumalano e. Mo mafatsheng a le mararo a e leng maloko a UNFCCC a a iseng a amogele tumalano e, ke Iran fela e e ntshang digase tse dintsi . United States, e leng lefatshe la bobedi le le ntshang digase tse dintsi, le ne la ikgogela morago mo tumalanong e ka 2020, [2] la tsena gape ka 2021, [3] mme la ikgogela morago gape ka 2026. [4]

Tumalano ya Paris e na le maikaelelo ka selekanyo sa mogote, e le a go baya palo ya tlhatlogo ya mogote wa boalogodimo jwa lefatshe kwa tlase thata ga 2 °C (3.6 °F) kwa godimo ga maemo a pele ga madirelo . Tumalano e gape e bolela gore go ka nna botoka gore selekanyo sa koketsego se nne 1.5 °C (2.7 °F) fela. Ditekanyetso tse di tlhalosiwa jaaka palogare ya mogote wa lefatshe jaaka di lekantswe mo dingwageng di le dintsi. [5]

Fa selekanyo sa koketsego ya mogote se ya kwa tlase, go ka solofelwa ditlamorago tse dinnye tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi . Go fitlhelela maikaelelo a a selekanyo sa mogote, digase tse di ntshiwang mo digreenhouse di tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka bonako jo bo kgonegang, le ka bontsi jo bo kgonegang. Di tshwanetse go tlhoka go ntshiwa gotlhelele mo bogareng jwa lekgolo la bomasome a mabedi le bongwe la dingwaga. [6] Go nna kwa tlase ga 1.5 °C ya thuthafalo ya lefatshe, mesi e tshwanetse go fokodiwa ka mo e ka nnang sephatlo mo lekgolong (50%) ka 2030. Palo e e tsaya tsia ditsholofetso tse di kwadilweng tsa lefatshe lengwe le lengwe . [7] Fa Tumalano ya Paris e sena go bewa monwana, mesi ya lefatshe lotlhe e ne ya tswelela e tlhatloga go na le go wela tlase. [5] 2024 e ne e le ngwaga o o mogote go gaisa, ka tlhatlogo e e fetang 1.5. °C mo palogareng ya mogoteng wa lefatshe. [5]

Tumalano e e ikaelela go thusa mafatshe go itlwaetsa go tshela le ditlamorago tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, le go kokoanya madi a a lekaneng. Mo tumalanong e, lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le tshwanetse go tlhomamisa, go rulaganya le go bega ka gangwe le gape ka seabe sa lone. Ga go na mokgwa ope o o pateletsang lefatshe go tlhoma dipalo tse di rileng tsa mesi e e le ntshang, mme fela palo ya lefatshe lengwe le lengwe e tshwanetse go feta dipalo tse di beilweng tsa nako e e fetileng . Ga di farologangwa le Tsamaiso ya Kyoto ya 1997, pharologano fa gare ga mafatshe a a tlhabologileng le a a santseng a tlhabologa ga e bonale sentle, mo e leng gore mafatshe a a santseng a tlhabologa le one a tshwanetse go romela maano a one a go fokotsa mesi.

Tumalano ya Paris e ne ya bulelwa go bewa monwana ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2016 ( Letsatsi la Lefatshe ) kwa moletlong o o neng o tshwaretswe kwa ntlokgolong ya UN kwa New York City . Morago ga gore Bokopano jwa Yuropa bo amogele tumalano e, palo ya mafatshe e e lekaneng e ne e amogetse tumalano e e nang le maikarabelo a digase tse di lekaneng tsa lefatshe tsa gore tumalano e tsene tirisong ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2016.

Baeteledipele ba mafatshe ba akgotse tumalano e. [8] Le fa go ntse jalo, go na le kganetsano ka go bereka ga yone, fa baitseanape bangwe ba tikologo le basekaseki ba e kgala gore ga ya gagamala thata. Le fa ditsholofetso tse di ka fa tlase ga Tumalano ya Paris di sa lekana go fitlhelela maikaelelo a selekanyo sa mogote a a beilweng, go na le mokgwa wa go batla go oketsa keletso go fitlhelela se. Tumalano ya Paris e dirisitswe ka katlego mo dikgetsing tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo2010, mme se se pateletsa mafatshe le dikompone tsa lookwane go gagamatsa dikgato tsa go inaakanya le seemo sa loapi . [9] [10]

Maikaelelo

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Maikaelelo a tumalano e, jaaka go tlhalositswe mo Lekwalong la bobedi, ke go nna le tsibogo e e maatla mo kotsing ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi; e batla go tokafatsa go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga Tumalano ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ka go: [1]

Mafatshe gape a ikaelela go fitlhelela "setlhoa sa lefatshe lotlhe sa mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse ka bofefo jo bo kgonegang." [1]

Tlhabololo

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Ditlhogo tsa baemedi kwa Phuthego ya 2015 ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi kwa Paris

Ketapele

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Tumalano ya Lekgotlana la UN ka ga Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (UNFCCC), e e amogetsweng kwa Bokopanong jwa Lefatshe jwa 1992 ke nngwe ya ditumalano tsa ntlha tsa boditšhabatšhaba ka ga setlhogo se. E tlhalosa gore makoko a tshwanetse go kopana gangwe le gape go emalana le phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, kwa Phuthegong ya Makoko kgotsa COP. E bopa motheo wa ditumalano tsa isago tsa seemo sa loapi. [11]

Tsamaiso ya Kyoto, e e amogetsweng ka 1997, e ne ya laola phokotso ya digase tsa digreenhouse moafatsheng a le mmalwa go simolola ka 2008 go ya go 2012 . Tsamaiso e e ne ya atolosiwa go fitlha ka 2020 ka Paakanyo ya Doha ka 2012. [12] United States e ne ya wetsa ka gore e tsere tshwetso ya go seke go amogela Tsamaiso e, bogolo jang ka ntlha ya gore e ne e tlama.ka fa semolaong. Se, le kgotlhang ya phatlalatso, di ne tsa dira gore dipuosano tsa boditšhabatšhaba tse di neng tsa latela tsa go laola phetogo ya seemo sa loapi di palelwe. Dipuisano tsa 2009 di ne di ikaeletse go tlhagisa tumalano e e latelelang ya Kyoto, fela dipuisano tsedi ne tsa phutlhama mme Tumalano ya Copenhagen e e neng ya tswa morago ga seo e ne e sa tlame ka semolao mme ga e a ka ya amogelwa lefatshe ka bophara. [13] [14]

Tumalano e e ne ya baya motheo wa mokgwa wa go tswa kwa tlase go ya kwa godimo wa Tumalano ya Paris. [13] Ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa mokwaledi wa khuduthamaga wa UNFCCC Christiana Figueres, dipuisano di ne tsa simolola gape morago ga go palelwa ga Copenhagen . [15] Ka nako ya Phuthego ya Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng ya 2011 ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi, lekgotlana la Durban le ne la tlhomiwa go buisana ka sedirisiwa sa semolao se se laolang dikgato tsa go fokotsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi go simolola ka 2020 . Lekgotlana le le ne le na le thomo ya go itsisiwe ka Pego ya Botlhano ya Tlhatlhobo ya IPCC le tiro ya mekgatlho e e tlaleletsang ya UNFCCC. [16] Tumalano e e neng ya nna teng e ne e tshwanetse go amogelwa ka 2015. [17]

Dipuisano le kamogelo

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Setshwantsho se bontsha Laurent Fabius a supa go amogelwa semmuso ga Tumalano ya Paris

Dipuisano kwa Paris di ne tsa tshwarwa mo pakeng ya dibeke di le pedi, mme tsa tswelela mo masigong otlhe a mararo a bofelo. [18] [19] Dikwalo tse di iseng di tlhomamisiwe le megopolo e e farologaneng e ne ya ngangisanwa le go tokafadiwa mo ngwageng o o fetileng. [20] Go ya ka motshwaedi mongwe ditsela tse pedi ka fa BaFora ba neng ba oketsa kgonagalo ya katlego e ne e le tse: ya ntlha go netefatsa gore Dikabelo tse di Ikaeletsweng tsa Setšhaba (INDCs) di weditswe pele ga tshimologo ya dipuisano, mme ya bobedi ya go laletsa baeteledipele fela go simolola phuthego.[21]

Dipuisano di batlile di palelwa ka ntlha ya lefoko le le lengwe fela fa setlhopha sa semolao sa US se ne se lemoga ka motsotso wa bofelo gore "tlaa" o amogetswe, go na le "tshwanetse", se se rayang gore mafatshe a a tlhabologileng a tlaabo a tlamaga ka fa molaong go fokotsa mesi: BaFora ba ne a rarabolola bothata jo ka go bo fetola gore ke "phoso ya go kwala". [22] Kwa bokhutlong jwa COP21 (phuthego ya bomasome a mabedi le bongwe Bokopano jwa Makoko), ka Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2015, mafoko a bofelo a Tumalano ya Paris a ne a amogelwa ka tumalano ke mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le botlhano a a tsayang karolo a maloko a UNFCCC le Bokopano jwa Yuropa. [23] Nicaragua e ne ya supa fa e ne e batla go ganetsa go amogelwa mo ka ba ne ba kgala bokoa jwa tumalano, mme ba seka ba fiwa sebaka . [24] [25] Mo tumalanong maloko a ne a solofetsa go fokotsa khabone e ba e ntshang " ka bonako jo bo kgonegang " le go dira bojotlhe jwa bone go baya thuthafalo ya lefatshe " kwa tlase thata ga 2°C " (3.6 °F). [26]

Go bewa monwana le go tsenngwa mo tirisong

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Tumelano ya Paris e ne e buletswe go bewa monwana ke mafatshe le mekgatlho ya kgaolo ya kopanyo itsholelo e e leng makoko a UNFCCC (tumalano) go tloga Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa 2016 go fitlha ka Moranang a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bongwe ngwaga wa 2017 kwa Ntlokgolong ya UN kwa New York. [27] Go bewa monwana ga tumalano ke kgato ya ntlha go ya kwa kamogelong, fela go a kgonega go amogela tumalano kwa ntle ga go e baya monwana. [28] E tlama makoko go se dire kgatlhanong le maikaelelo a tumalano. [29] Ka Moranang a le letsatsi le le lengwe ngwaga wa 2016, United States le China, tse di emelang palo e e ka tshwarang masome a mane mo lekgolong (40% ) ya mesi ya lefatshe di netefaditse gore di tla baya monwana Tumalano ya Paris ya Seemo sa Loapi. [30] [31] Tumalano e e ne ya bewa monwana ke makoko a le lekgolo le masome a masupa le botlhano (mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a masupa le bone le Bokopano jwa Yuropa) ka letsatsi la ntlha le e neng ya bulwa go bewa monwana ka lone. [32] [33] Go tloga ka Firikgong 2026, mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone le Bokopano jwa Yuropa di a beile tumalano e monwana. [34]

Go baya tumalano monwana ke John Kerry kwa Ntlonglehalahala ya Phuthego ya Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng ya United States

Tumalano e ne e tla tsena mo tirisong (mme ka jalo e simolole go bereka ka botlalo) fa mafatshe a le masome a matlhano le botlhano a a ntshang 55% ya mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse mo lefatsheng (go ya ka lenaaneo le le ntshitsweng ka 2015) [35] a ka amogela kgotsa ka tsela nngwe a ka tsenelela tumalano e. [28] Ditsela tse dingwe tsa go tsenelela tumalano e ke go e lemoga, kamogelo, kgotsa go phitlhelelo. Tse pedi tsa ntlha gantsi di dirisiwa fa tlhogo ya Lefatshe e sa tlhokege go tlama lefatshe mo tumalanong, mme ya bofelo gantsi e diragala fa lefatshe le tsenelela tumalano e e setseng e dira. [36] Morago ga go amogelwa ke Bokopano jwa Yuropa, tumalano e ne ya bona makoko a a lekaneng go tsena mo tirisong ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ka 2016. [37]

EU gotlhe le mafatshe a yone a maloko a na le boikarabelo, lefatshe lengwe le lengwe ka bolone go amogela Tumalano ya Paris. Go ne ga begwa gore EU le mafatshe a maloko a yone a le masome a mabedi le boferabobedi a ne dumalana ka nako e le nngwe go tlhomamisa gore ga a ineele mo go diragatseng maitlamo a e leng a maloko a mangwe fela, [38] mme go ne go na le poifo mo balebeleding gore go sa dumalane ka karolo ya lefatshe lengwe le lengwe le e leng leloko ka selekanyo sa go fokotsa mesi e e ntshiwang ya EU, ga mmogo le tshwetso ya Borithane go tlogela EU gore e ne e ka nna ya diya tumalano ya Paris.[39] Le fa go ntse jalo, EU e ne ya tsenya didirisiwa tsa yone tsa go dumalana ka Phalane a le malatsi a le matlhano ngwaga wa 2016, mmogo le mafatshe a maloko a EU a le bosupa. [39]

Makoko

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Tonakgolo ya India, Narendra Modi a dumedisa tautona wa Brazil, Dilma Rousseff, kwa morago Tonakgolo ya Portugal António Costa kwa Bokopanong jwa COP21 ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa 2015

Mafatshe a a dumalaneng kgotsa a amogetse tumalano

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EU le mafatshe a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone, ba mmogo ba ntshang mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse di feta 98% ba dumalane kgotsa ba amogetse tumalano e. Mafatshe hela a a iseng a amogele ke a mangwe a a ntshang digase tsa digreenhouse kwa Botlhabagare : Iran ka 2% ya palogotlhe ya lefatshe e le yone e tona go gaisa. Libya le Yemen le bone ga ba ise ba amogele tumalano e. Eritrea ke lefatshe le le sha go amogela tumalano, ka Tlhakole a le malatsi a le bosupa ngwaga wa 2023.

Lekwalo la bomasome a mabedi le boferabobedi le letla makoko go ikgogela morago mo tumalanong e morago ga go romela kitsiso ya go ikgogela morago kwa lefelong la polokelo . Kitsiso e ka neelwa mme e seng pele ga dingwaga di le tharo morago ga gore tumalano e tsene mo tirisong mo lefatsheng. Go ikgogela morago go simolola ngwaga o le mongwe morago ga gore motlhokomedi kwa lefelong la polokelo a itsisiwe.

Go ikgogela morago ga United States, go amogelwa gape, le go ikgogela morago gape

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Ka Phatwe a le malatsi a le mane 2017, puso ya ga Trump e ne ya romela kitsiso ya semmuso kwa Ditšhabeng tse di Kopaneng gore United States, e leng lefatshe la bobedi le le ntshang digase tsa digreenhouse thata morago ga China, le ne le ikaeletse go ikgogela morago mo Tumalanong ya Paris ka bonako fela fa le letlelesega go dira jalo. [2] Kitsiso ya go ikgogela morago e ne e seka ya kgonega go romelwa go fitlhelela fa tumalano e dira dingwaga di le tharo mo US, ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2019. Puso ya United States e ne ya romela kitsiso e kwa go mokwaledimogolo wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng mme ya ikgogela morago semmuso ngwaga o le mongwe morago ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le mane ngwaga wa 2020.

Tautona Joe Biden o ne a baya monwana taelo ya khuduthamaga mo letsatsing la gagwe la ntlha mo maemong a botautona, ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2021, gore go amogelwe United States gape mo Tumalanong ya Paris. Go selwa morago sebaka sa malatsi a le masome a mararo a a beilweng ke Lekwalo la 21.3, US e ne ya amogelwa gape mo tumalanong. Morongwa wa dikgang tsa phetogo ya seemo sa loapi United States John Kerry o ne a tsaya karolo mo ditiragalong tse mo maranyaneng , a re US e tla "berekela tsela ya yone ya go boela" go ikanyega mo thulaganyong ya Paris. Mokwaledimogolo wa Ditšhaba tse di Kopaneng António Guterres o ne a amogela go boa ga United States jaaka go busetsa "kgokagano e e latlhegileng e e koafaditseng gotlhe".

Ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi ngwaga wa 2025, Tautona Donald Trump o ne a baya monwana taelo ya khuduthamaga gape e e neng e gogela US morago mo tumalanong e. Go ikgogela morago mo go ne ga simolola ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa 2026.

Diteng

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Popego

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Tumalano ya Paris ke tumalano e khutshwane e e nang le ditemana di le lesome le borataro tsa matseno le makwalo/dikwalo di le masome a mabedi le boferabongwe. E na le dikwalo tsa tsamaiso (tse di akaretsang, ka sekai, tse di tlhokegang go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga yone) le dikwalo tsa tiriso (tse di akaretsang, ka sekai, phokotso, go tlwaela le tsa madi). Ke tumalano e e tlamang, mme bontsi jwa dikwalo tsa yone ga di bewe jaaka maitlamo kgotsa di teng go tlhofofatsa tirisanommogo ya boditšhabatšhaba. [40] E akaretsa bontsi jwa mesi ya digase tsa digreenhouse, fela ga e dire mo go tsa difofane tsa boditšhabatšhaba le dikepe, tse di welang ka fa tlase ga maikarabelo a Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Difofane le Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mawatle, ka go latelana. [41]

Tumalano ya Paris e tlhalositswe jaaka e e nang le popego ya go tswa kwa tlase go ya kwa godimo, jaaka fa mokgwa wa yone wa konokono wa tsholofetso le tshekatsheko o letla ditšhaba go ipeela seelo sa seabe sa tsone tse di tlhomamisitsweng ke setšhaba (di-NDC), go na le go nna le dielo tse di beilweng go tswa kwa godimo go ya kwa tlase. [42] [43] Go farologana le e e tlileng pele ga yone, e leng Tsamaiso ya Kyoto, e e tlhomang dielo tsa go nna le seabe tse di nang le maatla a semolao, Tumalano ya Paris, ka kgatelelo ya yone mo go ageng tumalano, e letla dielo tsa boithaopo le tse di tlhomamisitsweng ke setšhaba. [44] Ka jalo maikaelelo a go lwantsha phetogo ya seemo sa loapi a rotloediwa ka sepolotiki, go na le go tlamiwa ka semolao. Ke fela dithulaganyo tse di laolang go dira dipego le tshekatsheko ya maikaelelo a a beilweng di leng ka fa tlase ga molao wa boditšhabatšhaba . Popego e kgethegile thata mo lefatsheng la United States ka gore ga gona diphokotso tsa semolao kgotsa dielo tsa madi, tumalano e tsewa jaaka "tumalano ya khuduthamaga go na le tumalano". Ka gore tumalano ya UNFCCC ya 1992 e ne ya amogela tumelelo ya Senate ya United States, tumalano e e ntšha e ga e tlhoke melao e mengwe. [44]

Pharologano e nngwe ya botlhokwa magareng ga Tumalano ya Paris le Tsamaiso ya Kyoto ke botona jwa go dira ga tsone. Tsamaiso ya Kyoto e ne e farologanya magareng ga Setlhopa-I, mafatshe a a humileng a a nang le maikarabelo a ditso a phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, le mafatshe a a seng mo Setlhopha-I, mme fela go kgaoganya mafatshe mo go nyeleditswe mo Tumalanong ya Paris ka gore makoko otlhe a tlhoka go romela maano a phokotso ya mesi/digase. [45] Tumalano ya Paris e sa ntse e gatelela molaomotheo wa Boikarabelo jo bo Tshwanang mme bo Farologane le Bokgoni jo bo Farologaneng- go lemoga gore ditšhaba tse di farologaneng di na le bokgoni le maikarabelo a a farologaneng mo dikgatong tsa go lwantsha phetogo ya seemo sa loapi - mme ga e kgaoganye ditšhaba gore tse di tlhabologileng le tse di santseng di tlhabologang. [45]

Ditsholofetso tsa ditšhaba tse di tlhomamisitsweng

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Kgonagalo ya gore mafatshe a fitlhelele Maikaelelo a one a Tumalano ya Paris go ya ka seabe sa ditšhaba se se tlhomamisitsweng go tloga ka 2021 ( di-NDC )

Mafatshe a itlhophela ka boone gore ke efe karolo e ba tshwanetseng go e tsaya go fitlhelela maikaelelo a tumalano. Ka jalo, maano a a bidiwa a ditsholofetso tsa go tsaya karolo mo go tlhomamisitsweng ke setšhaba (di-NDC). Lekwalo la boraro le tlhoka gore di-NDC e

nne "maiteko a a nang le maikaelelo a a kwa godimo" go ya kwa "go fitlheleleng maikaelelo a Tumalano e" le go "go fitlhelela tswelelopele mo tsamaong ya nako". [46]

Ditsholofetso tsa setšhaba di tshwanetse go bewa dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano mme di tshwanetse tsa kwadisiwa ke Bokwaledi jwa UNFCCC . Maikaelelo mangwe le mangwe a a tswelelang a tshwanetse go nna matona mo go feta a a fetileng, a a itsegeng jaaka molawana wa tswelelopele . Mafatshe a ka dirisana mmogo go kopanya ditsholofetso tsa tse di tlhomamisitsweng ke ditšhaba. Maikano a go tsaya karolo a a Ikaeletsweng gape a Tlhomamisitswe ke Setšhaba a a solofeditsweng ka nako ya Phuthego ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi ya 2015 a fetolelwa go nna di-NDC fa lefatshe le amogela Tumalano ya Paris, fa e se fela le ka romela diphetogo.[47] [48]


Tumalano ya Paris ga e laele mofuta o o tlhomameng wa di-NDC. Mme fela, di tshwanetse go nna le dielo tsa phokotso, gape di ka nna le ditsholofetso ka go tlwaela seemo, tsa madi, dithomelo tsa maranyane, bokgoni jwa kago le go dira dilo mo pepeneneng. [49] Dingwe tsa ditsholofetso tse di mo di-NDC ga laolwe ke diemo, fela tse dingwe di ikaegile ka dintlha tsa kwa ntle tse di tshwanang le go bona dithuso tsa madi le tshegetso ya setegeniki, keletso go tswa mo makokong a mangwe kgotsa dintlha tsa melawana ya Tumalano ya Paris tse di santseng di tla bewa. Bontsi jwa di-NDC di na le karolo ya diemo. [50]

Le fa di-NDC ka botsone di sa tlame, ditsamaiso tse di di dikologileng di a tlama. Ditsamaiso tse di akaretsa maitlamo a go baakanya, go buisana le go tlhokomela di-NDC tse di latelanang, go tlhoma tse disha dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano, le go tlamela ka tshedimosetso ka ga go tsenngwa mo tirisong. [51] Ga go na mokgwa wa go pateletsa [52] lefatshe go tlhoma seelo sa NDC sa nako e e rileng, le fa e le go fitlhelela seelo sa bone. [53] [54] Go tla nna fela le tsamaiso ya go buiwa ka leina le go tlhabisiwa ditlhong [55] kgotsa jaaka János Pásztor, mothusa mokwaledi-mogolo wa pele wa UN ka ga phetogo ya seemo sa loapi, a ne a bolela, leano la "go buiwa ka leina le go rotloetswa". [56]

Dipalo tsa lefatshe ka bophara

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka fa tlase ga Tumalano ya Paris, mafatshe a tshwanetse go oketsa keletso ya yone ya go fitlhelela Tumalano dingwaga dingwe le dingwe di le tlhano. Go diragatsa se, tumalano e tlhomile Global Stocktake, e e sekasekang tswelelopele, ka tshekatsheko ya ntlha ka 2023. Maduo a tlaabo a dirisiwa mo ditsholofelotsong tse disha tse di tlhomamisitsweng tsa setšhaba tsa makoko. [57] Puisano ya Talanoa ka 2018 e ne ya bonwa jaaka sekai sa go tsewa ga dipalo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Morago ga ngwaga wa dipuisano, go ne ga gatisiwa pego mme ga nna le pitso ya gore go tsewe kgato, mme mafatshe a ne a seke a oketsa keletso ya yone morago ga moo. [58]

Go tsewa ga dipalo go dira jaaka karolo ya maiteko a Tumalano ya Paris a go tlhama "go tlhatloga" ga keletso ya go fokotsa mesi/digase. Ka gore basekaseki ba ne ba dumalana ka 2014 gore di-NDC ga di kake tsa lekanyetsa dipalo tsa mogote yo o tlhatlogang kwa tlase ga 2 °C, go tsaya dipalo ga lefatshe ka bophara go kopanya gape makoko go sekaseka ka fa di-NDC tsa bona tse disha di tshwanetseng go fetoga ka teng gore di tswelele go supa "keletso e e kwa godimo e e kgonegang" ya lefatshe.[59] Le fa go tlhatlosa keletso ya di-NDC e le maikaelelo a matona a go tsaya dipalo ga lefatshe ka bophara, go sekaseka maiteko a a fetang go fokotsa. Ditshekatsheko tsa dingwaga di le tlhano di tla sekaseka gape go tlwaela, dipeeletso tsa madi a a thusang ka dikgang tsa seemo sa loapi, le tlhabololo le phetogo ya tiriso ya maranyane.[59]

Ka Ngwanatseele a le malatsi a le masome a mararo ngwaga wa 2023, Phuthego ya Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng ya Phetogo ya Seemo sa Loapi (COP28) e simolotse kwa Dubai ka dipitso tse di ntšhwafaditsweng tsa maiteko a a okeditsweng a dikgato tsa go baakanya seemo sa loapi.

Dikarolo tsa phokotso le mebaraka ya khabone

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Lekwalo la borataro le tshwailwe jaaka le le nang le dingwe tsa dikarolo tsa botlhokwa tsa Tumalano ya Paris. [60] Ka kakaretso, le tlhalosa mekgwa ya tirisanommogo e makoko a ka e tsayang go fitlhelela diphokotso tsa bone tsa mesi ya khabone tse di tlhomamisitsweng ke setšhaba. Ka go dira jalo, le thusa go tlhoma Tumalano ya Paris jaaka motheo wa mmaraka wa lefatshe wa khabone. [61] Lekwalo la borataro ke lone fela karolo e e botlhokwa ya tumalano e e sa ntseng e tshwanetse go rarabololwa; dipuisano ka 2019 ga di a ntsha maduo.[62] Kgang e e ne ya rarabololwa ka nako ya COP26 ya 2021 kwa Glasgow . Mokgwa, wa "phetolo e tsamaelanang", o ile wa tlhongwa go itsa go bala dipalo tsa mesi e e ntshiwang ga bedi. [63]

Kgolaganyo ya dithulaganyo tsa kgwebo ya khabone le di-ITMO

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ditemana 6.2 le 6.3 di tlhoma motheo wa go laola dithomelo tsa boditšhabatšhaba tsa maduo a phokotso (di-ITMO). Tumalano e e lemoga ditshwanelo tsa makoko go dirisa mananeo a diphokotso tsa mesi kwa ntle ga melelwane ya bone go ya kwa NDC ya bone, mo thulaganyong ya dipalo tsa khabone le kgwebo. [61] Karolo e e tlhoka "kgolaganyo" ya dithulaganyo tsa kgwebo ka mesi ya khabone - ka gore diphokotso tse di lekantsweng tsa mesi di tshwanetse go tila "go balwa gabedi", maduo a phokotso a tshwanetse go kwalwa jaaka poelo ya diyuniti tsa mesi mo letlhakoreng le lengwe le phokotso ya diyuniti tsa mesi mo go le lengwe, [60] se se bidiwang "paakanyo e e tsamaelanang". Ka ntlha ya gore di-NDC, le ditshetlana tsa kgwebo ya khabone tsa selegae, ga di tshwane, di-ITMO di tla tlamela ka sebopego sa kgolagano ya lefatshe ka fa tlase ga tlhokomelo ya UNFCCC. [64] Ka jalo gape karolo e e dira gore mafatshe a nne le kgatelelo ya go dirisa dithulaganyo tsa go laola mesiTempolete:Snd fa lefatshe le batla go dirisa mekgwa ya tirisanommogo e e somarelang ditshenyegelo go fitlhelela di-NDC tsa lone, le tla tshwanelwa ke go ela tlhoko diyuniti tsa khabone tsa diitsholelo tsa bone. [65]

Go fitlha mo bogompienong, jaaka lefatshe le le nosi le le batlang go reka di-ITMO, Switzerland e beile monwana ditumalano mabapi le kgwebo ya di-ITMO le Peru, Ghana, Senegal, Georgia, Dominica, Vanuatu, Thailand le Ukraine.

Lefatshe Letsatsi la go bewa monwana Motswedi
Peru Phalane a le masome a mabedi, 2020
Ghana Ngwanatseele a le masome a mabedi le boraro, 2020
Senegal Phukwi a le malatsi a le marataro, 2021
Georgia Phalane a le lesome le boferabobedi, 2021
Dominika Ngwanatsele a le lesome le bongwe, 2021
Vanuatu Ngwanatseele a le lesome le bongwe, 2021 [66]
Thailand Seetebosigo a le masome a mabedi le bone, 2022 [66]
Ukraine Phukwi a le bone, 2022 [66]

Mokgwa wa Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ditemana 6.4 –6.7 di tlhoma mokgwa "wa go nna le seabe mo phokotsong ya digase tsa digreenhouse le go tshegetsa tlhabololo e e tswelelang". Le fa go ise go nne le leina la semmuso la mokgwa o go fitlha mo bogompienong, o ntse o bidiwa Mokgwa wa Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang kgotsa SDM. [62] SDM e tsewa fa e latelela Mokgwa wa Tlhabololo e e Phepa, e leng mokgwa o o ka fa tlase ga Tsamaiso ya Kyoto o ka one makoko a ka dirisanang mmogo go fokotsa mesi . [67]

SDM e rulagantswe go tshwana thata le Mokgwa wa Tlhabololo e e Phepa, ka maikaelelo a mabedi a go nna le seabe mo phokotsong ya mesi ya GHG ya lefatshe le go tshegetsa tlhabololo e e tswelelang. [68] Le fa popego le dithulaganyo tse di laolang SDM di ise di tlhomamisege, go tshwana le dipharologano tse di rileng go tswa mo Mekgweng ya Tlhabololo e e Phepa di setse di bonala sentle. Pharologanyo e tona ke gore SDM e tla nna teng mo makokong otlhe go na le mo makokong a Setlhopha-I fela, mme se se dira gore e nne bophara thata .

Mokgwa wa Tlhabololo e e Phepa wa Tsamaiso ya Kyoto o ne wa kgalwa ka ntlha ya go palelwa ke go dira diphokotso a mesi tse di nang le bokao kgotsa dipoelo tsa tlhabololo e e tswelelang mo makgethong a le mantsi. le ka ntlha ya go nna matswakabele ga yone. Go a kgonega gore SDM e tlaa bona mathata. [64]

Dikarolo tsa go itlwaetsa go tshela le phetogo ya seemo sa loapi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Go tlwaela go tshela le seemo sa phetogo ya loapi go ne ga nna mogopolo o go remelelwang mo go one kwa dipuisanong tsa Paris go na le mo ditumalanong tse di fetileng tsa seemo sa loapi. Maikaelelo a a kopanetsweng, a paka e telele a go tlwaela seemo a akareditswe mo tumalanong, mme mafatshe a tshwanetse go bega ka ga ditiro tsa one tsa go tlwaela go tshela le seemo, go e dira karolo e e tsamaelanang le phokotso. [69] Maikaelelo a tlwaelo a tsepamisitse mogopolo mo go tokafatseng bokgoni jwa go tlwaela, go oketsa maatla a go itepatepanya le seemo, le go fokotsa go nna mo kotsing . [70]

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