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Mokgatlho wa Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng wa Thuto, Maranyane le Setso ( UNESCO /j uː ˈ n ɛ s k oʊ / ) [1] [ a ] ke lekalana le le kgethegileng la Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng (UN) ka maikaelelo a go rotloetsa kagiso le tshireletsego ya lefatshe ka bophara ka tirisanommogo ya boditšhabatšhaba mo thutong, bodiragatsi, maranyane le setso. [2] [3] E na le ditšhaba tsa maloko di le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le bone le maloko a a amanang le one a le lesome le bobedi,[4] ga mmogo le badiri ka yone mo makalaneng a e seng a puso, a dipuso le a a ikemetseng ka nosi . [5] Ntlokgolo ya UNESCO e kwa Paris, kwa Fora, e na le diofisi tsa kgaolo di le masome a le matlhano [6] le dikhomišene tsa setšhaba di le lekgolo le masome a le boferabongwe le boferabongwe. [7] [8]

UNESCO e tlhomilwe ka 1945 jaaka motlhatlhami wa Komiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Tirisanommogo ya Botlhale ya Lekgotla la Ditšhabatšhaba. Thomo ya go tlhoma UNESCO, e e neng ya bopiwa ke ditiragalo tsa Ntwa ya Lefatshe II, ke go atolosa kagiso, tlhabololo e e tswelelang le ditshwanelo tsa batho ka go tlhofofatsa tirisanommogo le dipuisano magareng ga ditšhaba. E latelela maikaelelo a ka dikarolo tse tlhano tse dikgolo tsa lenaneo: thuto, maranyane a tsa tlholego, maranyane a tsa setho/batho, setso le ditlhaeletsano/kitso. UNESCO e tshegetsa mananeo a a tokafatsang kitso ya go bala le go kwala, e tlamela ka katiso le thuto ya setegeniki, e atolosa kitso ya maranyane pele, e sireletsa bobegadikgang jo bo ikemetseng le kgololesego ya bobegadikgang, e somarela ditso tsa dikgaolo le kabakanyo ya tsa setso, le go rotloetsa kabakanyo ya setso.Mokgatlho o o thusa thata go tlhoma le go sireletsa Mafelo a Boswa jwa Lefatshe a a botlhokwa mo setsong le mo tlholegong.

UNESCO e laolwa ke Bokopano jwa Botlhe bo bo bopilweng ke maloko a mafatshe le maloko a a amanang le one, e e kopanang gabedi ka ngwaga go tlhoma mananeo le tekanyetso ya go dirisa madi. Gape e tlhopha maloko a khuduthamaga e e laolang tiro ya UNESCO, gape e tlhoma Mookamela Mogolo morago ga dingwaga di le nne gangwe le gape, yo o dirang jaaka motsamaisi yo mogolo wa UNESCO.

 

UNESCO le maikaelelo magolo atirisanommogo ya boditšhabatšhaba di ka latedisiwa go ya kwa tshwetsong ya Lekgotla la Ditšhabatšhaba ka la bo 21 Lwetse 1921, go tlhopha khomišene go ithuta kgonagalo ya gore ditšhaba di abelane diphitlhelelo tsa setso, thuto le saense ka kgololesego. [1] [2] Setlhopha se seša seno, e leng Komiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Tirisanommogo ya Ditlhaloganyo ( ICIC ), se ne sa tlhomiwa ka 1922 [3] mme se ne se na le batho ba ba jaaka Henri Bergson, Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Robert A. Millikan, le Gonzague de Reynold mo gare ga maloko a sone a a neng a tlhomile dikhomišene tse dinnye tsa Yuropa Bophirima [4] ) . Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Tirisanommogo ya Botlhale (IIIC) se ne sa tlhamiwa kwa Paris ka Lwetse 1924, go dira jaaka setheo se se diragatsang sa ICIC. [5] Le fa go ntse jalo, go simolola ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe II go ne ga kgoreletsa tiro ya mekgatlho eno e e neng e le teng pele ga yone thata. [6] Fa e le ka maiteko a poraefete, Biro ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto (IBE) e ne ya simolola go dira jaaka mokgatlho o e seng wa puso mo tirelong ya tlhabololo ya thuto ya boditšhabatšhaba fa e sale ka Sedimonthole 1925 [ 21 ] mme ya tsenela UNESCO ka 1969, morago ga go tlhoma khomišene e e kopanetsweng ka 1952.

Go simololwa ga yone

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Morago ga go bewa menwana ga Tšhata ya Atlantic le Mokwalo Papamatso wa Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng, Bokopano jwa Ditona tsa Thuto tse di Kopaneng ( CAME ) bo ne jwa simolola diphuthego kwa Lontone tse di neng tsa tswelela go tloga ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le borataro 1942 go fitlha ka Sedimonthole a le botlhano 1945. United Kingdom, Amerika le USSR. Se se ne sa latelwa ke ditshitshinyo tsa Khonferense ya Dumbarton Oaks ya 9 Diphalane 1944. Ka tshitshinyo ya CAME le go ya ka dikgakololo tsa Khonferense ya Ditšhabakopano ya Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba (UNCIO), e e neng e tshwerwe kwa San Francisco go tloga ka Moranang go fitlha ka Seetebosigo 1945, go ne ga nna le Khonferense ya Ditšhabakopano ya go tlhoma mokgatlho wa setso/CONF) e ne ya kopanela kwa Lontone go tloga ka 1 go ya go 16 Ngwanatsele 1945 go emetswe dipuso di le masome a manè le bone. Kgopolo ya UNESCO e ne ya tlhamiwa thata ke Rab Butler, Tona ya Thuto ya United Kingdom, yo o neng a na le tlhotlheletso e kgolo mo go tlhabololeng ga yone. [1] Kwa ECO/CONF, Molaotheo wa UNESCO o ne wa tlhagisiwa le go saeniwa ke dinaga di le 37, mme ga tlhomiwa Khomišene ya Paakanyetso. [2] Khomišene ya Paakanyetso e ne ya dira fa gare ga 16 Ngwanaitseele 1945, le 4 Ngwanatsele 1946 — letlha le Molaotheo wa UNESCO o neng wa tsena mo tirisong ka lone ka go tsenngwa ga kamogelo ya masome a mabedi ke naga e e leng leloko.

Bokopano jwa Botlhe jwa ntlha bo ne jwa tshwarwa go tloga ka Ngwanatsele a le lesome le boferabongwe go fitlha ka Sedimonthole a lesome 1946, mme ga tlhophiwa Julian Huxley go nna Mookamedi-mogolo. [26] Mokolonele wa Sesole sa United States, e le moeteledipele wa sekolo sa ithutelo ditiro gape e le mmueledi wa ditshwanelo tsa batho Blake R. Van Leer le ene o ne a nna leloko.[ 27] Molaomotheo o ne wa fetolwa ka Ngwanatsele 1954 fa phuthego ya Bokopano jwa Botlhe e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya gore maloko a lekgotla la khuduthamaga e tla nna baemedi ba dipuso tsa ditšhaba tse ba leng baagi ba tsone mme ba ka se dire jaaka pele, ba dirisa bokgoni jwa dithata tsa bone ka sebele. [ 28] Phetogo eno mo pusong e ne ya farologanya UNESCO le e e neng e e okametse pele, e leng ICIC, ka tsela e dinaga tse e leng maloko di neng di tla dirisana mmogo ka yone mo dikarolong tse mokgatlho ono o nang le taolo mo go tsone. Phetogo e mo pusong e ne ya farologanya UNESCO le e e neng e e okametse pele, e leng ICIC, ka tsela e ditšhaba tse e leng maloko di neng di dirisana mmogo ka yone mo dikarolong tse mokgatlho o o neng o na le taolo mo go tsone. Jaaka ditšhaba tsa maloko di ne di dira mmogo mo tsamaong ya nako go diragatsa maikaelelo a UNESCO, mabaka a sepolotiki le a ditso a ne a bopa ditiro tsa mokgatlho segolobogolo ka nako ya Ntwa ya Botsididi, thulaganyo ya go emisa bokoloniale, le go phatlaladiwa ga Soviet Union.[ 29][30]

.Tlhabololo

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Gareng ga diphitlhelelo tse dikgolo tsa mokgatlho o ke tiro ya one kgatlhanong le bosemorafe, sekai ke dipolelo tse di nang le tlhotlheletso ka ga lotso go simolola ka mokwalo Papamatso wa baithutatlholego (gareng ga bone go ne go na le Claude Lévi-Strauss ) le bomankge ba maranyane ba bangwe ka 1950 mme ya wetsa ka Mokwalo Papamatso wa 1978 ka ga Lotso le Kgethololo ya Lotso .

Ka 1955, Lefatshe la Aforika Borwa le ne la ikgogela morago mo UNESCO le bolela gore dikgatiso dingwe tsa mokgatlho di ne di leka "go tsenelela" mo "mathateng a bosemorafe" jwa lefatshe. [9] Le tsene gape mo mokgatlhong ka 1994 ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa ga Nelson Mandela . [10]

Nngwe ya ditiro tsa ntlha tsa UNESCO mo lephateng la thuto e ne e le lenaneo la teko ya thuto ya go tswa kwa moding kwa Marbial Valley, [11] Haiti, e e neng ya simololwa ka 1947. Morago ga lenaneo le nngwe ya ditiro tsa baitseanape kwa mafatsheng a mangwe, e ne e akaretsa thomo ya 1949 kwa Afghanistan. [12] UNESCO e ne ya akantsha 1948 gore mafatshe a e leng Maloko a tshwanetse go dira gore thuto e e kotlase ya mahala e nne e e patelediwang le e e amogelwang ke batho botlhe. [12] Bokopano jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Thuto ya Botlhe, kwa Jomtien, Thailand, bo ne jwa simolola mokgatlho wa lefatshe lotlhe ka 1990 go tlamela ka thuto ya go tswa kwa moding go bana botlhe, banana le bagolo. [12] Ka 2000, Foramo ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Thuto kwa Dakar, kwa Senegal, e ne ya dira gore dipuso tse e leng maloko a tsone di itlame go fitlhelela thuto ya go tswa kwa moding ya botlhe ka 2015 . [12]

Mokwalo Papamatso wa Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Thuto e e kgolwane e ne ya amogelwa ke Phuthego a Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Thuto e e kgolwane ya UNESCO ka di 9 Diphalane 1998, [13] ka boikaelelo jwa go tlhoma maemo a lefatshe ka bophara ka ga dikeletso le phitlhelelo ya thuto e e kgolwane .

Ditiro tsa ntlha tsa UNESCO mo setsong di ne di akaretsa Letsholo la Boditšhabatšhaba la go Boloka Difikantswe tsa Nubia, le le neng la simololwa ka 1960. [14] Boikaelelo jwa letsholo le ne e le go fudusa Tempele e Kgolo ya Abu Simbel gore e se ka ya khurumediwa ke Nile morago ga go agiwa letamo la Aswan . Mo letsholong le la dingwaga di le masome a mabedi

go ne ga fudusiwa difikantswe le mafelo a a agilweng a le masomea mabedi le bobedi. Se ne e le lantlha gape le le logolo go gaisa mo motseletseleng wa matsholo a a neng a akaretsa Mohenjo-daro (Pakistan), Fes (Morocco), Kathmandu (Nepal), Borobudur (Indonesia) le Acropolis ya Athena (Gerika). Tiro ya mokgatlho o ka ga boswa e ne ya dira gore go amogelwe, ka 1972, Tumalano e e amanang le Tshireletso ya Boswa jwa Setso le jwa Tlhago jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe. [15] Ka 1976, Komiti ya Boswa jwa Lefatshe e ne ya tlhongwa mme mafelo a ntlha a ne a akarediwa mo Lenaneong la Boswa jwa Lefatshe ka 1978. [16] Fa e sa le ka nako eo didirisiwa tsa botlhokwa tsa semolao ka ga boswa jwa setso le pharologano di ile tsa amogelwa ke ditšhaba tse e leng maloko tsa UNESCO ka 2003 ( Tumalano ya go Sireletsa Boswa jwa Lefatshe ) [17] le 2005 ( Tumalano ya Tshireletso le Thotloetso ya Mefutafuta ya Ditlhagiso tsa Setso ) . [18]

P​[19]


Ka 1968, UNESCO e ne ya rulaganya khonferense ya ntlha ya dipuso tse di farologaneng e e neng e ikaeletse go kopanya tikologo le tlhabololo, e leng bothata jo bo tswelelang go rarabololwa mo lephateng la tlhabololo e e tswelelang . Dipoelo tse dikgolo tsa khonferense ya 1968 e ne e le go tlhamiwa ga Lenaneo la UNESCO la Monna le Lefelo la Ditshedi .

Mo lephateng la tlhaeletsano, "go elela ga dikakanyo ka kgololesego ka lefoko le setshwantsho" go ntse go le mo molaotheong wa UNESCO fa e sa le o tlhongwa, go latela maitemogelo a Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Bobedi fa taolo ya tshedimosetso e ne e le ntlha ya go ruta batho go nna bogale. [20] Mo dingwageng tse di neng tsa latela morago fela ga Ntwa ya Lefatshe II, maiteko a ne a tlhomiwa mogopolo mo go ageng sesha le mo go lemogeng ditlhokego tsa ditsela tsa tlhaeletsano ya batho ba le bantsi mo lefatsheng lotlhe. UNESCO e simolotse go rulaganyetsa katiso le thuto ya babegadikgang ka dingwaga tsa bo 1950. [20] Go tsibogela dipitso tsa " Taelo ya Lefatshe e Ntšhwa ya Tshedimosetso le Tlhaeletsano " kwa bokhutlong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1970, UNESCO e ne ya tlhoma Khomišene ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto ya Mathata a Tlhaeletsano, [21] e e neng ya tlhagisa pegelo ya MacBride ya 1980 (e e bidiwang ka modulasetulo wa khomišene, Mokgele wa Kagiso wa Nobel Seureate MacB ). [21] Ka one ngwaga oo, UNESCO e ne ya tlhama Lenaneo la Boditšhabatšhaba la Tlhabololo ya Tlhaeletsano (IPDC), e leng foramo ya dinaga di le dintsi e e diretsweng go rotloetsa tlhabololo ya bobegakgang mo dinageng tse di tlhabologang. [22] Ka 1993, Khonferensekakaretso ya UNESCO e ne ya tshegetsa Maipolelo a Windhoek ka boipuso jwa bobegadikgang le bontsi, e leng se se dirileng gore Kokoanokakaretso ya UN e itsise letlha la go amogelwa ga yone, 3 Motsheganong, jaaka Letsatsi la Lefatshe Lotlhe la Kgololesego ya Bobegadikgang . [23] Fa e sale ka 1997, UNESCO e ntse e aba Mokgele wa Kgololesego ya Bobegadikgang wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa UNESCO / Guillermo Cano ka di 3 tsa Mot

Lekgolo la bo21 la dingwaga

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Ka 2011, UNESCO e ne ya amogela Palesetina go nna leloko.


Melao e e neng ya fetisiwa kwa United States morago ga gore Palestina e dire kopo ya go nna leloko la UNESCO le WHO ka Moranang 1989 [24] e raya gore United States ga e ka ke ya thusa ka madi mo mokgatlhong ope wa UN o o amogelang Palestina jaaka leloko le le tletseng. [25] Ka ntlha ya seo, United States e ne ya gogela morago matlole a yone, a a neng a dira mo e ka nnang 22% ya tekanyetso ya madi ya UNESCO. [26] Iseraele gape e ne ya tsibogela go amogelwa ga Palestina mo UNESCO ka go emisa dituelo tsa Iseraele mo UNESCO le go tsenya dikiletso mo Bogoging jwa Palestina, [27] e bolela gore go amogelwa ga Palestina go tla nna kotsi " mo dipuisanong tse di ka nnang teng tsa kagiso " . [28]

Ka 2013, dingwaga di le pedi morago ga go emisa go duela dituelo tsa yone kwa UNESCO, United States le Iseraele di ne tsa latlhegelwa ke ditshwanelo tsa go tlhopha tsa UNESCO, mme di sa latlhegelwe ke tshwanelo ya go tlhophiwa; ka jalo, United States e ne ya tlhophiwa go nna leloko la boto ya khuduthamaga mo pakeng ya go tloga ka 2016 go ya go 2019. [29]

Ka 2019, Iseraele e ne ya tlogela UNESCO morago ga dingwaga di le masome a le marataro le boferabongwe e le leloko, mme moemedi wa Iseraele kwa UN Danny Danon o ne a kwala jaana: "UNESCO ke setlhopha se se tswelelang go kwala ditso sesha, go akaretsa le ka go phimola kgolagano ya Bajuda le Jerusalema... e sentswe le go dirisiwa ka boferefere ke baba ba Iseraele... ga re kake ranna leloko la mokgatlho yo o berekang kgatlhanong le rona ka bomo." [30]

Ka 2023, Russia e ne ya kgaphelwa thoko mo komiting ya khuduthamaga lekgetho la ntlha, morago ga go palelwa ke go bona ditlhopho tse di lekaneng. [31]

Gape ka 2023, United States e ne ya bolela maikaelelo a yone a go boela mo UNESCO, dingwaga di le tlhano morago ga go tswa, le go duela didikadike di le makgolo a le borataro tsa didolara tsa Amerikale tsa dituelo tsa yone tsa morago. [32] United States e ne ya amogelwa gape ke Bokopano jwa Botlhe jwa UNESCO ka Phukwi yoo. [33]

Ditiragalo

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  UNESCO e diragatsa ditiro tsa yone ka dikarolo di le tlhano tsa lenaneo: thuto, Maranyane a tlholego, Maranyane a setho le batho, setso, le tlhaeletsano le kitso. [34]

  • UNESCO e tshegetsa dipatlisiso mo thutong ya papiso, e tlamela ka boitseanape le go rotloetsa tirisanommogo go nonotsha boeteledipele jwa bosetšhaba jwa thuto le bokgoni jwa ditšhaba go tlamela botlhe ka thuto ya boleng . Seno se akaretsa
    • Ditilo tsa UNESCO, e leng mafaratlhatlha a boditšhabatšhaba a ditilo tsa UNESCO di le makgolo a le marataro le masome a le mane le bone tse di akaretsang makalana a feta makgolo a le bosupa le masome a le supa mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a mabedi le borataro
    • Mokgatlho wa Tshomarelo ya Tikologo
    • Tumalano e e Kgatlhanong le Kgethololo mo Thutong e e amogetsweng ka 1960
    • Mokgatlho wa Phuthego ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto ya Bagolo ( CONFINTEA ) mo pakeng ya dingwaga di le lesome le bobedi
    • Go gatisiwa ga Pegelo ya Lefatshe Lotlhe ya Tlhokomelo ya Thuto ya Botlhe
    • Go gatisiwa ga tokomane e e botlhokwa thata ya Dipilara tse Nnè tsa go Ithuta
    • UNESCO ASPNet, e leng mafaratlhatlha a boditšhabatšhaba a dikolo di feta dikete di le lesome le bobedi mo mafatsheng a le lekgolo le masome a le boferabobedi le bobedi

UNESCO ga e neele dikolo tsa thuto e kgolwane tetlelelosemmuso.

Kgoro ya UNESCO ya go dira dilo mo pepeneneng e diretswe go kgontsha setšhaba go bona tshedimosetso tebang le ditiro tsa Mokgatlho, jaaka tekanyetso ya tiriso ya madi ya yone e kopanetsweng ya dingwaga di le pedi, mmogo le dikgolagano tsa ditokomane tse di lebaganeng le mananeo le tsa matlole. Ditlhopha tse pedi tse tse di farologaneng tsa tshedimosetso di gatisitswe mo ya IATI, ka go latelana go ikaegilwe ka Seelo sa Tiro sa IATI le Seelo sa Mokgatlho wa IATI. [35]

Mananeo a masha a a akanyeditsweng

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Go akanyeditswe mananeo a mabedi a masha a UNESCO. [36]

Lenaneo la ntlha le le akanyeditsweng le tla tsepamisa mogopolo mo bosweng jwa setso jo bo tsamayang jaaka dilo tse di dirilweng ka diatla, ditshwantsho tse di takilweng, le dilo tse di tshelang. Lenaneo le le ka akaretsa dilo tsa setso, tse di jaaka Jōmon Venus wa kwa Japane, Mona Lisa wa Fora, Thipa ya Gebel el-Arak ya Egepeto, Lekhubu la Borobongwe la Russia, Mosadi yo o Ntseng wa Çatalhöyük wa Turkey, <i id="mwAq8">Dafide</i> (Michelangelo) wa Italy, Mathura Herakles wa kwa India, Manuwppiek wa kwa Korea, Manuwppiek wa kwa Korea . Hay Wain wa United Kingdom, le Diboronse tsa Benin tsa Nigeria. [36]

Lenaneo la bobedi le le akanyeditsweng le tla remelela mo ditshiding tsa lefatshe ka bophara.l[36] [37]

Bobegakgang

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UNESCO le makalana a yone a a kgethegileng a gatisa dibukana di le mmalwa.

E tlhamilwe ka 1945, bukana ya UNESCO Courier e bolela maikaelelo a one go "rotloetsa dikeletso tsa UNESCO, go tlhokomela serala sa dipuisano magareng ga ditso le go tlamela ka foramo ya dingangisano tsa boditšhabatšhaba". Fa e sa le ka March 2006 e ntse e bonwa mahala mo Internet, mme e na le ditokololo tse di gatisitsweng tse di lekanyeditsweng. Ditlhogo tsa yone di tlhagisa maikutlo a bakwadi ba e seng maikutlo a UNESCO. Go ne ga nna le kgaotso ya go gatisa fa gare ga 2012 le 2017. [38]

Ka 1950, UNESCO e ne ya simolola tshekatsheko ya kotara le kotara ya Tlhotlheletso ya Maranyane mo Setšhabeng (e gape e bidiwang Impact ) go tlotla ka tlhotlheletso ya maranyane setšhabeng. Lekwalobukana le ne la emisa go gatisiwa ka 1992. [39]

DiNGO tsa semmuso tsa UNESCO

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UNESCO e na le dikamano tsa semmuso le mekgatlho ya boditšhabatšhaba e e seng ya puso (di-NGO) e le malgolo a le mararo le masome a mabedi le bobedi. [40] Bontsi jwa tse ke tse UNESCO e di bitsang "tse di dirang"; di le mmalwa tse di tlhophilweng ke tsa "semmuso". [41] Mofuta o o kwa godimo wa go nna leloko la UNESCO ke "molekane wa semmuso", mme diNGO di le masome a mabedi le bobedi [42] tse di nang le dikamano tsa semmuso tsa molekane (ASC) tse di nang le diofisi kwa UNESCO ke:

Khutshwafatso Thulaganyo
IB Boditšhabatšhaba jwa Dikerite
CCIVS Komiti ya Kgokaganyo ya Tirelo ya Boithaopo ya Boditšhabatšhaba
CIPSH Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Filosofi le Dithuto tsa Botho ( Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Filosofi le Disaense Tsa Batho ; le gatisa Diogenes ) .
CIOFF Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Mekgatlho ya Mekete ya Ditso le Botsweretshi jwa Setso ( Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Mekgatlho ya Meletlo ya Ditso le Botsweretshi jwa Setso ) .
EI Thuto ya Boditšhabatšhaba
IAU Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Diyunibesiti
IFTC Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Difilimi, Thelebišene le Tlhaeletsano ya Ditsebe le Ditshwantsho
ICOM Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Dimusiamo
ICSSPE Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Saense ya Metshameko le Thuto ya go Itshidila mmele
ICA Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Diakhaefe
IKOMOS Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Difikantswe le Mafelo
IFJ Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Babegadikgang
IFLA Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mekgatlho ya Dilaeborari le Ditheo
IFPA Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mekgatlho ya Poko
IMC Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Mmino
IPA Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Sepodisi
SETLAKETA Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Saense la Tlhabololo ya Ditlhaketlhake
ISC Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Saense ( le pele e neng e le ICSU le ISSC )
ITI Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Bobogelo
IUCN Mokgatlho wa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Tshomarelo ya Tlhago le Ditsompelo tsa Tlhago
IUTAO Kopano ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Mekgatlho le Mekgatlho ya Setegeniki
UIA Kopano ya Mekgatlho ya Boditšhabatšhaba
WAN Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe wa Dikuranta
WFEO Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Mekgatlho ya Boenjenere
WFUCA Mokgatlho wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa Ditlelapa, Disenthara le Mekgatlho ya UNESCO
Setheo sa UNESCO sa Thuto ya Metsi kwa Delft

Makalana le disenthara

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Makalana ke maphata a kgethegileng a mokgatlho a a tshegetsang lenaneo la UNESCO, a a tlamelang ka tshegetso e e kgethegileng ya diofisi tsa ditlhopha le tsa bosetšhaba.

Khutshwafatso Leina Lefelo
IBE Biro ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto Geneva [43]
UIL Setheo sa UNESCO sa Thuto ya Botshelo Jotlhe Hamborogo [44]
IIEP Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa UNESCO sa Thulaganyo ya Thuto Paris ( ntlokgolo ) le Buenos Aires le Dakar ( diofisi tsa kgaolo ) [45]
IITE Setheo sa UNESCO sa Dithekenoloji tsa Tshedimosetso mo Thutong Mosekou [46]
IICBA Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa UNESCO sa Kago ya Bokgoni mo Aforika Adis Ababa [47]
IESAL Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa UNESCO sa Thutogodimo kwa Latin America le kwa Caribbean Karakase [48]
MGIEP Setheo sa Thuto sa Mahatma Gandhi sa Kagiso le Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang Pele Deli e Ntšha [49]
UNESCO-UNESCO Senthara ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto le Katiso ya Setegeniki le ya Tiro ya Diatla ya UNESCO-UNEVOC Bonn [50]
ICWRGC Senthara ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Metswedi ya Metsi le Phetogo ya Lefatshe Lotlhe Koblenz [51]
IHE Setheo sa IHE-Delft sa Thuto ya Metsi Delft [52]
ICTP Senthara ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Fisika ya Dikgopolo Teriesete [53]
UIS Setheo sa Dipalopalo sa UNESCO Montreale [54]

UNESCO e aba dietsele di le masome a mabedi le borataro mo thutong, mo maranyaneng a tlholego, mo maranyaneng a tsa setho le batho, mo setsong, mo tlhaeletsanong le mo tshedimosetsong mmogo le mo kagisong:

  • UNESCO/Seetsele sa Puisokwalo wa Kgosi Sejong
  • Seetsele sa UNESCO/Confucius wa Puisokwalo
  • Moputso wa UNESCO-Japan wa Thuto ya Tlhabololo e e Tswelelang Pele
  • Sekgele sa UNESCO sa Thuto ya Basetsana le Basadi
  • Seetsele sa UNESCO/Hamdan Bin Rashid Al-Maktoum wa Tiro e e ko godimo le Tiragatso ya go Ntlafatsa Bokgoni jwa Barutabana
  • Seetsele sa UNESCO sa Kgosi Hamad Bin Isa Al-Khalifa wa Tiriso ya mafaratlhatlha a Tshedimosetso le Tlhaeletsano mo Thutong
  • Dietsele tsa L'Oréal-UNESCO tsa Basadi ba ba mo maranyaneng
  • Seetsele sa UNESCO/Kalinga wa go Dira gore maranyane a itsege
  • Seetsele sa Boditšhabatšhaba wa UNESCO-Equatorial Guinea wa Patlisiso mo Maranyaneng a Botshelo
  • Mokgele wa Carlos J. Finlay wa Thutoditshedi tse dinnye
  • Mokgele wa UNESCO/Sultan Qaboos wa go Somarela Tikologo
  • Seetsele sa Boditšhabatšhaba wa Mendeleev wa UNESCO-Russia wa Maranyane a Motheo
  • Seetsele sa Boditšhabatšhaba wa UNESCO-Al Fozan wa Thotloetso ya Bomankge ba maranyane ba ba Botlana ba STEM
  • Seetseele sa Michel Batisse ya Botsamaisi jwa Polokelo ya Ditshedi

Maranyane a tsa Setho le Batho

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  • Seetsele sa UNESCO wa Avicenna wa Maitsholo mo Saenseng
  • Seetsele sa UNESCO/Juan Bosch wa go Tsweletsa Patlisiso ka Saense ya Loago kwa Latin America le kwa Caribbean
  • Seetsele sa UNESCO-Madanjeet Singh wa Thotloetso ya Itshokelano le go se Dirise Dikgoka
  • Seetsele sa UNESCO-Sharjah wa Setso sa Maarabia
  • UNESCO/Seetsele sa Boditšhabatšhaba wa ga José Martí
  • Seetsele sa UNESCO-UNAM / Seetsele sa ga Jaime Torres Bodet wa maranyane a tsa setho, tsa batho le tsa bodiragatsi

Tlhaeletsano le Tshedimosetso

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  • Seetsele sa Kgololesego ya Bobegadikgang wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa UNESCO/Guillermo Cano
  • UNESCO/Mokgele wa Emir Jaber al-Ahmad al-Jaber al-Sabah go rotloetsa Thuto ya Boleng ya Batho ba ba nang le Bogole jwa Tlhaloganyo
  • Mokgele wa Lefatshe Lotlhe wa UNESCO/Jikji
  • Seetsele sa Félix Houphouët-Boigny sa Kagiso

Dietsele tsa Kagiso tse di seyong mo tirisong

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Malatsi a a lebelelwang kwa UNESCO a boditšhabatšhaba

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Malatsi a Boditšhabatšhaba a a lebelelwang kwa UNESCO a kwadilwe mo lenaneong le le fa tlase:

Date Name
14 January World Logic Day
24 January World Day for African and Afrodescendant Culture[55]
24 January International Day of Education
25 January International Day of Women in Multilateralism[56]
27 January International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
11 February International Day of Women and Girls in Science
13 February World Radio Day
21 February International Mother Language Day
4 March UNESCO World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development
8 March International Women's Day
14 March International Day of Mathematics
20 March International Francophonie Day
21 March International Day of Nowruz
21 March World Poetry Day
21 March International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
22 March World Water Day
5 April International Day of Conscience
6 April International Day of Sport for Development and Peace
15 April World Art Day
23 April World Book and Copyright Day
30 April International Jazz Day
3 May World Press Freedom Day
5 May African World Heritage Day
5 May World Portuguese Language Day
16 May International Day of Light
21 May World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development
22 May International Day for Biological Diversity
5 June World Environment Day
8 June World Oceans Day
17 June World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
7 July Kiswahili Language Day
18 July Nelson Mandela International Day
26 July International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem
9 August International Day of the World's Indigenous People
12 August International Youth Day
23 August International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition
8 September International Literacy Day
9 September International Day to Protect Education from Attack
15 September International Day of Democracy
20 September International Day for University Sport
21 September International Day of Peace
28 September International Day for the Universal Access to Information
5 October World Teachers' Day
6 October International Geodiversity Day[57]
11 October International Day of the Girl Child
13 October International Day for Disaster Reduction
17 October International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
24 October United Nations Day
27 October World Day for Audiovisual Heritage
2 November International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists[58]
3 November International Day for Biosphere Reserves[59]
First Thursday of November International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying[60]
5 November World Day of Romani Language
5 November World Tsunami Awareness Day
10 November World Science Day for Peace and Development
14 November International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property[61]
Third Thursday of November World Philosophy Day
16 November International Day for Tolerance
18 November International International Day of Islamic Art[62]
25 November International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
26 November World Olive Tree Day[63]
29 November International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People
1 December World AIDS Day
2 December World Futures Day[64]
3 December International Day of Persons with Disabilities
10 December Human Rights Day
18 December International Migrants Day
18 December World Arabic Language Day

Ditšhaba tse e leng maloko

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

As of July 2023[update], UNESCO has 194 member states and 12 associate members.[65] Some members are not independent states and some members have additional National Organizing Committees from some of their dependent territories.[66] UNESCO state parties are the United Nations member states (except Israel[67] and Liechtenstein), as well as Cook Islands, Niue and Palestine.[68][69] Israel left UNESCO on 31 December 2018.[70]

Ka Motsheganong 4, 2025, Nicaragua e ne ya itsise tshwetso ya yone ya go ikgogela morago mo UNESCO, go simolola ka Sedimonthole 31, 2026. [71] [72]

United States e ne ya tswa mo UNESCO ka 1984, ya tsenela UNESCO gape ka 2003, ya tswa gape ka 2018, mme ya tsenela gape ka 2023. [32] [73] [33] Ka Phukwi 22, 2025, United States e ne ya itsise Mookamedi-mogolo ka tshwetso ya yone ya go ikgogela morago gape go simologa ga Sedimonthole a le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe.]2 [73] [74] 21]. [73]

Makgotlana a tsa bolaodi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Mookamedi-mogolo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Mo go Seetebosigo wa 2023, go nnile go nnile le baokamedi bagolo ba UNESCO sale jaaka e simolodisiwa, borre ba le boferabongwe le bomme ba le babedi.

Baokamedi bagolo ba ba lesome le bongwe ba UNESCO ba tswa mo dikgaolong tse di borataro go tswa mo mokgatlhong: Bophirima jwa Yuropa (botlhano), Bogare jwa Amerika (bongwe), Amerika Bokone (bobedi), Africa Bophirima (bongwe), Asia Botlhaba(bongwe), le Yuropa Bophirima (bongwe).

Go fitlha mo bogompienong, ga go ise go nne le Mookamedi-mogolo yo o tlhophilweng go tswa kwa dikgaolong tse di setseng di le lesome mo teng ga UNESCO: Borwabotlhaba jwa Asia, Asia Borwa, Asia Bogare le Bokone, Botlhabagare, Aforika Bokone, Aforika Botlhaba, Aforika Bogare, Aforika Borwa, Australia-Oceania, le Amerika Borwa.

Lenaneo la Baokamedi bagolo ba UNESCO fa e sa le e tlhongwa ka 1946 le ntse jaana:

Directors-General of UNESCO
Order Image Name Country Term
1st Julian Huxley  United Kingdom 1946–1948
2nd Jaime Torres Bodet  Mexico 1948–1952
– John Wilkinson Taylor  United States acting 1952–1953
3rd Luther Evans  United States 1953–1958
4th Vittorino Veronese  Italy 1958–1961
5th René Maheu  France acting 1961; 1961–1974
6th Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow  Senegal 1974–1987
7th Federico Mayor Zaragoza  Spain 1987–1999
8th Koïchiro Matsuura  Japan 1999–2009
9th Irina Bokova  Bulgaria 2009–2017
10th Audrey Azoulay  France 2017–Incumbent

Bokopano jwa Botlhe

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Lenaneo le ke la diphuthego tsa Bokopano jwa Botlhe ya UNESCO tse di tshwerweng fa e sa le ka 1946:

Session Location Year Chaired by from
1st Paris 1946 Léon Blum  France
2nd Mexico City 1947 Manuel Gual Vidal  Mexico
3rd Beirut 1948 Hamid Bey Frangie  Lebanon
1st extraordinary Paris 1948
4th Paris 1949 Edward Ronald Walker  Australia
5th Florence 1950 Stefano Jacini  Italy
6th Paris 1951 Howland H. Sargeant  United States
7th Paris 1952 Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan  India
2nd extraordinary Paris 1953
8th Montevideo 1954 Justino Zavala Muniz  Uruguay
9th New Delhi 1956 Abul Kalam Azad  India
10th Paris 1958 Jean Berthoin  France
11th Paris 1960 Akale-Work Abte-Wold  Ethiopia
12th Paris 1962 Paulo de Berrêdo Carneiro  Brazil
13th Paris 1964 Norair Sisakian  Soviet Union
14th Paris 1966 Bedrettin Tuncel  Turkey
15th Paris 1968 William Eteki Mboumoua  Cameroon
16th Paris 1970 Atilio Dell'Oro Maini  Argentina
17th Paris 1972 Toru Haguiwara  Japan
3rd extraordinary Paris 1973
18th Paris 1974 Magda Jóború  Hungary
19th Nairobi 1976 Taaita Toweett  Kenya
20th Paris 1978 Napoléon LeBlanc  Canada
21st Belgrade 1980 Ivo Margan  Yugoslavia
4th extraordinary Paris 1982
22nd Paris 1983 Saïd Tell  Jordan
23rd Sofia 1985 Nikolai Todorov  Bulgaria
24th Paris 1987 Guillermo Putzeys Alvarez  Guatemala
25th Paris 1989 Anwar Ibrahim  Malaysia
26th Paris 1991 Bethwell Allan Ogot  Kenya
27th Paris 1993 Ahmed Saleh Sayyad  Yemen
28th Paris 1995 Torben Krogh  Denmark
29th Paris 1997 Eduardo Portella  Brazil
30th Paris 1999 Jaroslava Moserová  Czech Republic
31st Paris 2001 Ahmad Jalali  Iran
32nd Paris 2003 Michael Omolewa  Nigeria
33rd Paris 2005 Musa Bin Jaafar Bin Hassan  Oman
34th Paris 2007 Georgios Anastassopoulos  Greece
35th Paris 2009 Davidson Hepburn  Bahamas
36th Paris 2011 Katalin Bogyay  Hungary
37th[75] Paris 2013 Hao Ping  China
38th Paris 2015 Stanley Mutumba Simataa[76]  Namibia
39th Paris 2017 Zohour Alaoui[77]  Morocco
40th Paris 2019

Ahmet Altay Cengizer[78]

  Turkey
41st[79] Paris 2021 Santiago Irazabal Mourão  Brazil
42nd[80] Paris 2023 Simona Miculescu  Romania

Lekgotla la Khuduthamaga

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ditlhopho di tshwarwa ngwaga le ngwaga, mme baemedi ba ba tlhophilweng ba le masome a le matlhano le boferabobedi ba nna mo maemong dingwaga di le nne.

Term Group I

(9 seats)		 Group II

(7 seats)		 Group III

(10 seats)		 Group IV

(12 seats)		 Group V(a)

(13 seats)		 Group V(b)

(7 seats)
2017–

2021

 Finland  Portugal  Turkey

 Albania  Belarus  Bulgaria

 Cuba  Grenada  Jamaica  Saint Lucia  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines  Venezuela

 Bangladesh  China  India  Indonesia  Japan  Philippines

 Burundi  Equatorial Guinea  Ethiopia  Madagascar  Zambia  Zimbabwe

 Egypt  Jordan  Morocco

2019–2023[81]

 France  Germany  Italy  Netherlands  Spain  Switzerland

Hungary Poland Russia Serbia

 Argentina  Brazil  Dominican Republic Uruguay

Afghanistan Kyrgyzstan Philippines Pakistan South Korea  Thailand

Benin Congo Guinea Ghana  Kenya Namibia  Senegal Togo

Saudi Arabia UAE  Tunisia

2021–2025[82]

 Austria  Iceland  Turkey

Armenia Azerbaijan Lithuania

 Chile  Grenada Haiti  Mexico  Paraguay  Saint Lucia

China Cook Islands India Japan Philippines  Vietnam

Angola Botswana Congo Djibouti  South Africa Tanzania

Egypt Jordan Kuwait

2023–2027[83]

 France  Germany  Italy  Spain  United Kingdom United States

Albania Czech Republic Serbia Slovakia

 Argentina  Brazil Cuba  Dominican Republic

Australia Bangladesh Indonesia Pakistan South Korea  Sri Lanka

Burkina Faso Côte d'Ivoire Gabon Liberia  Mauritius Mozambique  Nigeria

Iraq Oman Qatar  Saudi Arabia

Diofisi tsa pereko tsa UNESCO go ralala lefatshe di arogantswe ka mefuta e mene ya diofisi tsa konokono go ikaegilwe ka tiro ya tsone le lefelo le di akaretsang mo go lone: diofisi tsa ditlhopha, diofisi tsa bosetšhaba, dibiro tsa dikgaolo le diofisi tsa puisano.

Diofisi tsa perekelo go ya ka dikgaolo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Lenaneo le latelang la Diofisi tsotlhe tsa pereko tsa UNESCO le rulagantswe go ya ka thutafatshe ke Kgaolo ya UNESCO mme le supa dinaga tse e leng maloko le maloko a a amanang le UNESCO a a direlwang ke ofisi nngwe le nngwe. [84]

  • Abidjan – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Côte d’Ivoire
  • Abuja – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Nigeria
  • Accra – Kantoro ya Setlhopha sa Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone le Togo
  • Addis Ababa – Kantoro ya Puisano le Kopano ya Aforika le le Khomišene ya Ikonomi ya Aforika
  • Bamako – Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali le Niger
  • Brazzaville – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Rephaboliki ya Congo
  • Bujumbura – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Burundi
  • Dakar – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Thuto mo Aforika le Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya Kapa Botala, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, le Senegal
  • Dar es Salaam – Kantoro ya Setlhopha sa Dinaga tsa Comoro, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles le Tanzania
  • Harare – Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia le Zimbabwe
  • Juba – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Sudan Borwa
  • Kinshasa – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Repaboliki ya Temokerasi ya Congo
  • Libreville – Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya Rephaboliki ya Congo, Rephaboliki ya Temokerasi ya Congo, Ekhweitha Guinea, Gabon le São Tomé le Príncipe
  • Maputo – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Mozambique
  • Nairobi – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Disaense mo Aforika le Kantoro ya Setlhopha ya Burundi, Djibouti, Eritrea, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, Sudan Borwa le Uganda
  • Windhoek – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Namibia
  • Yaoundé – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Cameroon, Repaboliki ya Aforika Bogare le Chad

Maloko a Arabea

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  • Amman – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Jordan
  • Beirut – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Thuto kwa Dinageng tsa Maarabia le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Lebanon, Siria, Jordan, Iraq le Palesetina
  • Cairo – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Maranyane kwa Dinageng tsa Maarabia le Ofisi ya Setlhopha ya Egepeto le Sudan
  • Doha – Kantoro ya Setlhopha go ya kwa Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Emirate ya Maarabia a a Kopaneng le Yemen
  • Iraq – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Iraq (e ga jaana e leng kwa Amman, Jordan)
  • Khartoum – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Sudan
  • Manama – Senthara ya Kgaolo ya Maarabia ya Boswa jwa Lefatshe
  • Rabat – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Algeria, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco le Tunisia
  • Ramallah – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Dikgaolo tsa Palestina

Asia le Pacific

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  • Almaty – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan le Uzbekistan
  • Apia – Ofisi ya Setlhopha e e yang kwa Australia, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Cook, Fiji, Kiribati, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Marshall, Dinaga tse di Kopaneng tsa Micronesia, Nauru, New Zealand, Niue, Palau, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Ditlhaketlhake tsa Solomon, Tonga, Tuvalu, Vanuatember le Mekelau )
  • Bangkok – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Thuto kwa Asia le kwa Pacific le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Thailand, Burma, Laos, Singapore le Vietnam
  • Beijing – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Korea Bokone, Japane, Mongolia, Repaboliki ya Batho ya China le Korea Borwa
  • Dhaka – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Bangladesh
  • Hanoi – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Vietnam
  • Islamabad – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Pakistan
  • Jakarta – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Disaense kwa Asia le kwa Pacific le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, le Timor Botlhaba
  • Manila – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Philippines
  • Kabul – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Afghanistan
  • Kathmandu – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Nepal
  • New Delhi – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives le Sri Lanka
  • Phnom Penh – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Cambodia
  • Tashkent – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Uzbekistan
  • Teheran – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Afganistan, Iran, Pakistan le Turkmenistan

Yuropa le Amerika Bokone

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  • Brussels – Ofisi ya Puisano le Kopano ya Yuropa le mekgatlho ya yone e e tlaleletsang kwa Brussels
  • Geneva – Ofisi ya Puisano le Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng kwa Geneva
  • Toropo ya New York – Ofisi ya Puisano le Ditšhaba tse di kopaneng kwa New York
  • Venice – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Maranyane le Setso kwa Yuropa

Amerika wa Selatine le Kharibbea

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  • Brasília – Ofisi ya Bosetšhaba kwa Brazil [85]
  • Toropokgolo ya Guatemala – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba ya Guatemala
  • Havana – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Setso kwa Latin America le kwa Caribbean le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Cuba, kwa Rephaboliking ya Dominican, kwa Haiti le kwa Aruba
  • Kingston – Kantoro ya Setlhopha se se yang kwa Antigua le Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Dominica, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts le Nevis, Boitshepo Lucia, Boitshepo Vincent le Ditlhaketlhake tsa Grenadines, Suriname le Ditlhaketlhake tsa Trinidad le Tobago mmogo le naga e e amanang le Boritane, Curaçao le Sint Maarten
  • Lima – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Peru
  • Toropokgolo ya Mexico – Ofisi ya Bosetšhaba kwa Mexico
  • Montevideo – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Maranyane kwa Amerika wa Selatine le kwa Caribbean le Ofisi ya Setlhopha kwa Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay le Uruguay
  • Port-au-Prince – Kantoro ya Bosetšhaba kwa Haiti
  • Quito – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Bolivia, Kolombia, Ecuador le Venezuela [86]
  • San José – Kantoro ya Setlhopha kwa Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua le Panama
  • Santiago de Chile – Biro ya Kgaolo ya Thuto kwa Amerika Selatine le kwa Caribbean le Ofisi ya Bosetšhaba kwa Chile

Mekgatlho ya badiri ka mokgatlho

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  • Komiti ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Sefapaano se Sehibidu (ICRC)
  • Boditšhabatšhaba jwa Thebe e e Botala jwa Legodimo (BSI)
  • Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Dimusiamo (ICOM)
  • Lekgotla la Boditšhabatšhaba la Difikantswe le Mafelo (ICOMOS)
  • Setheo sa Boditšhabatšhaba sa Molao wa Botho (IIHL)

Dikganetsano

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Taolo ya Lefatshe le Lesha ya Tshedimosetso le Tlhaeletsano

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

UNESCO e nnile bogare jwa dikganetsano mo nakong e e fetileng, bogolosegolo mo dikamanong tsa yone United States, United Kingdom, Singapore le Soviet Union ya maloba . Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1970 le bo 1980, tshegetso ya UNESCO ya " Taelo ya Lefatshe e Ntšha ya Tshedimosetso le Tlhaeletsano " le pegelo ya yone ya MacBride e e neng e ikuela gore bobegakgang bo nne jwa puso ya batho ka batho le phitlhelelo ya tshedimosetso ka tekatekano e ne ya ganetswa mo mafatsheng a jaaka maiteko a go thibela kgololesego ya bobegadikgang . UNESCO e ne e tsewa jaaka serala sa makomonisi le babusaesi ba Lefatshe la Boraro go tlhasela Bophirima, go farologana le ditatofatso tse di dirilweng ke USSR kwa bofelong jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1940 le kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 1950. Ka 1984, United States e ne ya emisa dithuso tsa yone tsa madi mme ya ikgogela morago mo mokgatlhong o go bontsha boipelaetso, mme ya latelwa ke United Kingdom ka 1985. [87] Singapore le yone e ne ya ikgogela morago kwa bokhutlong jwa 1985, e umaka gore dituediso tsa maloko di ne di tlhatloga. [88] Morago ga phetogo ya puso ka 1997, UK e ne ya tsenela gape. United States e ne ya tsenela gape ka 2003, mme ya latelwa ke Singapore ka Phalane a le malatsi a le boferalobedi 2007. [89]

UNESCO e kgadilwe ka go dirisiwa ke Lefatshe la Batho la China go tlhagisa mofuta wa ditso ya Lekoko la Bokomonisi la China le go fokotsa ditshwaelo tsa merafepotlana kwa China jaaka Ba-Uyghur le Ba-Tibet . [90] [91] [92]

Iseraele e ne ya amogelwa mo UNESCO ka 1949, ngwaga o le mongwe morago ga go tlholwa ga yone. Iseraele e ntse e le leloko la yone fa e sa le ka nako eo. Ka 2010, Iseraele e ne ya tlhoma Logaga lwa Bapatriareka kwa Hebrone le Lebitla la ga Ragele kwa Bethelehema – ka bobedi kwa West Bank – jaaka Mafelo a Boswa jwa Bosetšhaba mme ya itsise tiro ya go tsosolosa, mme seno sa dira gore puso ya ga Obama e tshwaiwe phoso le go dira ditshupetso go tswa kwa Bapalestina. [93] Ka Phalane 2010, boto ya khuduthamaga ya UNESCO e ne ya tlhopha go itsise mafelo ano jaaka "al-Haram al-Ibrahimi/Lebitla la Bapatriareka" le "Mosque wa ga Bilal bin Rabah/Lebitla la ga Rachel" mme ya bolela gore e ne e le "karolo e e botlhokwa ya kgatelelo ya boditšhabatšhaba ya Iseraele le Palestina " molao . [94] UNESCO e tlhalositse mafelo a jaaka a a botlhokwa mo "bathong ba dingwao tsa Mamoseleme, Bokeresete le Bajuta", mme ya latofatsa Iseraele ka go tlhagisa fela semelo sa Bajuta sa mafelo ano. [95] Iseraele le yone e ne ya latofatsa UNESCO ka go "kgaoganya Setšhaba sa Iseraele le boswa jwa yone", mme ya e latofatsa ka go tlhotlhelediwa ke sepolotiki. [96] Rabi wa Lebota la Bophirima o ne a bolela gore lebitla la ga Ragele le ne le ise le itsisiwe pele gore ke lefelo le le boitshepo la Bamoseleme. [97] Iseraele e ne ya emisa ka bontlhabongwe dikamano tsa yone le UNESCO. Motlatsatona wa Merero ya Dinaga di Sele wa Iseraele Danny Ayalon o boletse gore tshwetso e ne e le "karolo ya go oketsega ga Palestina". Zevulun Orlev, modulasetulo wa Komiti ya Thuto le Setso ya Knesset, o ne a bua ka ditshwetso tseno e le maiteko a go nyatsa thomo ya UNESCO jaaka mokgatlho wa maranyane le wa setso o o rotloetsang tirisanommogo mo lefatsheng lotlhe. [98] [99]

Ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le boferabobedi 2011, Komiti ya Boswa jwa Lefatshe Lotlhe ya UNESCO, ka ntlha ya go gatelelwa ke Jordan, e ne ya kgala . Tshwetso ya Iseraele ya go thuba le go aga sesha Borogo jwa Kgoro ya Mughrabi kwa Jerusalema ka ntlha ya mabaka a pabalesego. Israel e ne ya bolela gore Jordan e beile monwana tumalano le Israel e e neng e tlhalosa gore borogo jo bo leng teng bo tshwanetse go tlhatlhamololwa ka ntlha ya pabalesego; Jordan o ne a ganetsa tumalano eno, a bolela gore e ne ya bewa monwana fela ka fa tlase ga kgatelelo ya United States. Iseraele gape e ne ya palelwa ke go bua le komiti ya UNESCO ka ntlha ya dikganetso go tswa kwa Egepeto . [100]

Ka Firikgong 2014, malatsi pele ga e rulaganyediwa go bulwa, Mookamedi-mogolo wa UNESCO, Irina Bokova, "o ne a busetsa morago ka bosakhutleng" mme a phimola ka katlego pontsho e e neng e tlhamilwe ke Senthara ya sa Simon Wiesenthal e e bidiwang "Batho, Buka, Lefatshe: Sekepe sa dingwaga di le 3 500 fa gare ga batho ba Iseraele . Tiragalo e e ne e rulaganyeditswe go simolola ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a le mabedi le bongwe go fitlha ka Firikgong a le malatsi a le masome a mararo kwa Paris. Bokova o phimotse tiragalo eno morago ga gore baemedi ba dinaga tsa Maarabia kwa UNESCO ba nganga gore pontsho ya yone e tla " gobatsa thulaganyo ya kagiso " . [101] Mokwadi wa dipontsho tse, e leng motlhatlhelelladithuto a Robert Wistrich wa Senthara ya Boditšhabatšhaba sa Thuto ya Boganetsi jwa Bajuda sa Vidal Sassoon sa Yunibesithi ya Sehebera, o ne a bitsa go phimolwa ga yone a re ke "tiro e e tshosang", mme a tlhalosa tshwetso ya ga Bokova e le "tiro e e sa tlhomamang ya go tlhoka maitseo gotlhelele le, tota, go nyatsa ditso tsa Bajuda". UNESCO e ne ya baakanya tshwetso ya go phimola pontsho eno mo lobakeng lwa ngwaga, mme ka bonako fela e ne ya tuma mme ya tsewa e le katlego e kgolo. [102]

Ka Firikgong letsatsi la ntlha 2019, Iseraele e ne ya tswa mo UNESCO semmuso go latela go ikgogela morago ga US ka ntlha ya go tsaya letlhakore mo go tswelelang kgatlhanong le Iseraele go ya ka bone. [103]

Tharabololo ya Palesetina e e Gapilweng

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

  Ka Phalane a le lesome le boraro 2016, UNESCO e ne ya fetisa tshwetso ka ga Jerusalema Botlhaba e e neng e kgala Iseraele ka ntlha ya "ditlhaselo" tsa mapodise le masole a Iseraele le "dikgato tse di seng kafa molaong" kgatlhanong le kgololesego ya kobamelo le go fitlhelela ga Mamoseleme mafelo a bone a a boitshepo, fa gape e amogela Iseraele jaaka mmuso o o gapang lefatshe. Baeteledipele ba Palestina ba ne ba amogela tshwetso eno. [104] Le fa mokwalo o ne o amogela "botlhokwa jwa Motse wa Bogologolo wa Jerusalema le mabota a one mo ditumelong tse tharo tsa Modimo a le mongwe", o ne o bua ka moago o o boitshepo wa setlhoa sa thaba mo Motseng wa Bogologolo wa Jerusalema fela ka leina la one la Semoseleme "Al-Haram al-Sharif", Searabia se se kayang Noble Sanctuary. Fa e araba, Iseraele e ne ya kgala tshwetso ya UNESCO ka ntlha ya go tlogela mafoko a " Thaba ya Tempele " kgotsa " Har HaBayit ", e bolela gore e ganetsa dikamano tsa Bajuta le lefelo le le boitshepo le le botlhokwa . [104] [105] Morago ga go kgalwa ke boradipolotiki le badipolomate ba le bantsi ba Iseraele, go akaretsa le Benjamin Netanyahu le Ayelet Shaked, Iseraele e ne ya kgaotsa dikamano tsotlhe le mokgatlho ono. [106] [107] Tshwetso e ne ya kgalwa ke Ban Ki-moon le Mokaedi-Kakaretso wa UNESCO, Irina Bokova, yo o neng a bolela gore Bojuda, Boiselamo le Bokeresete di na le dikgolagano tse di bonalang sentle tsa hisitori le Jerusalema le gore "go gana, go fitlha kgotsa go phimola epe ya dingwao tsa Bajuda, tsa Bokeresete kgotsa tsa Bamoseleme go nyatsa bothokgami jwa [108] ] Moqsas " [109] ]. Al-Haram al-Sharif" gape ke Thaba ya Tempele, e Lebota la yone la Bophirima e leng lefelo le le boitshepo go gaisa mo Bojudeng." [110] E ne gape ya ganwa ke Palamente ya Czech e e neng ya re tshwetso e bontsha "maikutlo a a tlhoileng a a kgatlhanong le Iseraele ", [111] mme makgolokgolo a Bajuta ba Italy ba ne ba dira ditshupetso kwa Roma ka ntlha ya go ikgapha ga Italy. [111] Ka la bo 26 Diphalane, UNESCO e ne ya amogela mofuta o o sekasekilweng wa tshwetso, e gape e neng ya kgala Iseraele ka ntlha ya go tswelela ga yone "go gana go letla baitseanape ba mokgatlho ono go tsena mo mafelong a a boitshepo a Jerusalema go bona maemo a one a tshomarelo". [112] Le fa e ne e na le go nolofadiwa ga puo morago ga ditshupetso tsa Iseraele ka ntlha ya mofuta o o fetileng, Iseraele e ne ya tswelela go kgala mokwalo ono. [113] Tshwetso e bua ka lefelo le Bajuta le Bakeresete ba le bitsang Thaba ya Tempele, kgotsa Har HaBayit ka Sehebera, fela ka leina la lone la Searabia – tshwetso e e botlhokwa ya bokao e gape e amogetsweng ke boto ya khuduthamaga ya UNESCO, e e tsosang kgalemo go tswa go Iseraele le balekane ba yona. Moemedi wa Amerika Crystal Nix Hines o ne a bolela jaana: "Ntlha eno e ka bo e fentswe. Ditshwetso tseno tse di tsenngwang mo dipolotiking le tse di letlhakore le le lengwe di senya botshepegi jwa UNESCO." [114]

Ka Phalane 2017, United States le Iseraele di ne tsa itsise gore di tla ikgogela morago mo mokgatlhong o, di umaka gore bontlhabonngwe jwa yone bo ne bo le kgatlhanong le Iseraele. [115] [116]

Palestina

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Kganetsano ya makasine wa basha wa Palesetina

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka Tlhakole 2011, go ne ga gatisiwa athikele mo makasineng wa banana wa Palesetina e mo go yone mosetsana mongwe yo mmotlana a neng a tlhalosa mongwe wa batho ba le bane ba a neng a ba etsa sekao e le Adolf Hitler . Ka December 2011, UNESCO, e e neng e thusa makasine ono ka bontlhanngwe jwa madi, e ne ya kgala tshedimosetso eno mme morago ga moo ya emisa dithuso tsa yone. [117]

Kganetsano ya Yunibesithi ya Boiselamo ya Gaza

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka 2012, UNESCO e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya gore e tlhome setulo kwa Yunibesithing ya Boiselamo ya Gaza mo lephateng la bolepadinaledi, fisikisi ya dinaledi, le saense ya lefaufau, [118] mme se sa baka dikganetsano le go tshwayatshwaya diphoso. Israel e ne ya boma sekolo seno ka 2008 e bolela gore ba dira dibetsa le go di boloka koo, e leng se Israel e neng ya se bua gape fa e ne e kgala kgato ya UNESCO.

Tlhogo, Kamalain Shaath, o ne a femela UNESCO, a bolela gore "Yunibesiti ya Boiselamo ke yunibesiti ya thuto fela e e kgatlhegelang thuto le tlhabololo ya yone fela". [119] [120] [121] Moemedi wa Iseraele kwa UNESCO Nimrod Barkan o ne a rulagantse go romela lekwalo la boipelaetso le le nang le tshedimosetso ka ga dikamano tsa yunibesithi le Hamas, segolobogolo a galefile ka gore eno e ne e le yunibesithi ya ntlha ya Palesetina e UNESCO e neng ya tlhopha go dirisana le yone. Ga a ise a ko a neele bosupi bope jo bo tshegetsang polelo ya gagwe ya gore o na le kamano le Hamas. [122] Mokgatlho wa Bajuda wa B’nai B’rith le one o ne wa kgala kgato e. [123]

Go tsenya lenaneo la ditokomane tsa Polao ya Nanjing

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka 2015, Japane e ne ya tshosetsa go emisa go thusa UNESCO ka madi ka ntlha ya tshwetso ya mokgatlho o ya go akaretsa ditokomane tse di amanang le polao ya batho ba le bantsi kwa Nanjing ka 1937 mo lenaaneng la bosheng la thulaganyo ya yone ya "Memory of the World". [124] Ka Piphala e 2016, Tona ya Merero ymafatshe adi Sele ya Japane Fumio Kishida o ne a tlhomamisa gore matlole a ngwaga le ngwaga a Japane a 2016 a ne a le ¥4.4. dibilione di ne di emisitswe, le fa gone a ne a ganela gore go na le kamano epe e e tlhamaletseng le kganetsano ya tokomane ya Nanjing. [125]

United states le UNESCO

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

United States e ne ya ikgogela morago mo UNESCO ka 1984, e umaka gore mokgatlho o o ne o " tseneletse thata mo dipolotiking ", " bobaba jwa one jo bo bonalang mo makalaneng a motheo tsa setšhaba se se gololesegileng, segolobogolo mmaraka o o gololesegileng le bobegadikgang jo bo gololesegileng ", mmogo le " katoloso ya one e e sa thibelweng ya tekanyetso tiriso ka fa tlase ga botsamaisi jo bo bokoa jwa Mokaedi AmadoG M'Bow wa Senegal. [126]

Ka Lwetse a le lesome le boferabongwe 1989, Mopalamente wa Lekgotla la Dikgotlatheomolao wa United States e bong Jim Leach o ne a bolela jaana fa pele ga komitipotlana ya lekgotla la Dikgotlatheomolao: [127]  

Kgotlhang ya Ba-Kurd le Ba-Turkey

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a le masome a mabedi le botlhano 2016, mmoki wa Turkey le molweladitshwanelo tsa batho Zülfü Livaneli o ne a rola tiro ya gagwe jaaka moemedi a le esi wa Turkey wa UNESCO yo o thusang batho. O ne a gatelela boemo jwa ditshwanelo tsa batho kwa Turkey le go senngwa ga kgaolo ya ditso ya Sur ya Diyarbakir, toropo e kgolo go gaisa tsotlhe kwa borwabotlhaba jwa Turkey jo bontsi jwa Ba-Kurdish bo nnang mo go jone, ka nako ya ntwa fa gare ga sesole sa Turkey le dirukutlhi tsa Ba-Kurdish e le mabaka a magolo a go bo a ne a rola tiro. Livaneli o ne a re: "Go bua ka kagiso fa o ntse o didimetse kgatlhanong le ditlolomolao tse di ntseng jalo ke go thulana le dikeletso tsa motheo tsa UNESCO."

Matsholo kgatlhanong le kgwebisano e e seng ka fa molaong ya botaki

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka 2020 UNESCO e ne ya bolela gore bogolo jwa kgwebisano e e seng kafa molaong ya dithoto tsa setso bo ne bo fitlha go  didolara di le dibilione di lesome ka ngwaga. Pegelo ya ngwaga oo ke Mokgatlho wa Rand e tshitshintse gore mmaraka wa nnete "ga o ka ke wa nna mogolo go feta didolara di le dikete di le makgolo a le mmalwa ngwaga le ngwaga". Moitseanape yo o umakilweng ke UNESCO e le yo o amanyang 10 palo ya dibilione o ne a e ganela, a re ga a na "kakanyo" ya gore palo eo e tswa kae. Barekisi ba botaki ba ne ba nyatsa palo ya UNESCO thata ka gonne e ne e le 15% ya mmaraka otlhe wa botaki wa lefatshe.

Ka Ngwanatsele 2020, karolo ya letsholo la papatso la UNESCO le boikaelelo jwa lone e neng e le go tlhagisa kgwebisano ya boditšhabatšhaba ya dilo tsa botaki tse di thubilweng e ne ya tshwanelwa ke go gogelwa morago morago ga gore e tlhagise ka maaka motseletsele wa ditiro tsa botaki tse di neng di tshwerwe kwa lefelong la dits tse di nang le ditso tse di itsiweng jaaka dilo tse di sa tswang go thubiwa tse di neng di tshwerwe mo dikokoanyong tsa poraefete. Dipapatso di ne di bolela gore tlhogo ya ga Buda e e neng e le mo kokoanyong ya Musiamo wa Metropolitan fa e sa le ka 1930 e ne e thubilwe kwa Musiamong wa Kabul ka 2001 mme morago ga moo ya tsenngwa ka bokhukhuntshwane kwa mmarakeng wa botaki wa United States, gore sefikantswe sa phitlho se se tswang kwa Palmyra se Met e neng e se bone ka 1901 se ne sa thubiwa ke Palmy the Islamic State bosheng jaana. e ne ya tsenngwa ka bokukuntshwane mo mmarakeng wa dilo tsa bogologolo tsa Yuropa, le gore maseke wa Ivory Coast o o nang le lefelo le le supang gore o ne o le kwa United States ka 1954 o ne wa thubelwa ka nako ya dintwa tse di tlhometseng ka 2010–2011. Morago ga dingongorego tsa Met, dipapatso di ne tsa gogelwa morago.

Dithoto le ditirelo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  • UNESDOC Database [128] – E na le ditokomane tsa UNESCO di feta dikete di le lekgolo le masome a le mane le borataro ka mokwalo o o feletseng tse di gatisitsweng fa e sale ka 1945 mmogo le metadata go tswa mo dikokoanyong tsa Motlobo wa UNESCO le mafelo a ditokomane mo diofising tsa tshimo le mo ditheong

Didiriswa tsa go dira tshedimosetso

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

UNESCO e tlhama, e tlhokomela, le go anamisa, mahala, diphuthelwana tse pedi tsa dirweboleta tse di amanang tsa taolo ya polokelotshedimosetso (CDS/ISIS [e se ke ya tlhakatlhakanngwa le sephuthelwana sa dirweboleta tsa mapodisi a UK ISIS]) le tshekatsheko ya meepo ya tshedimosetso/dipalopalo (IDAMS). [129]

  • CDS/ISIS – thulaganyo ya polokelo le go busetsa tshedimosetso e e akaretsang. Mofuta wa Windows o ka nna wa dira mo khomphuteng e le nngwe kgotsa mo netewekeng ya lefelo la selegae. Dikarolo tsa tlelaente/sefara ya JavaISIS di letla taolo ya polokelotshedimosetso e e kgakala ka Inthanete mme di teng mo Windows, Linux, le Macintosh. Mo godimo ga moo, GenISIS e letla badirisi go tlhagisa diforomo tsa Webo tsa HTML tsa go batla mo polokelotshedimosetsong ya CDS/ISIS. ISIS_DLL e fana ka API ya ho ntshetsa pele dikopo tse thehilweng ho CDS/ISIS.
  • OpenIDAMS – sephuthelwana sa sofotewere sa go dira le go sekaseka tshedimosetso ya dipalo e e tlhamilweng, e e tlhokometsweng le go anamisiwa ke UNESCO. Sephuthelwana sa ntlha e ne e le sa mong, fela UNESCO e simolotse porojeke ya go se tlamela jaaka motswedi o o bulegileng. [130]
  • IDIS – sedirisiwa sa kananyo ya tshedimosetso ka tlhamalalo fa gare ga CDS/ISIS le IDAMS

Bona gape

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  • Neteweke ya tsamaiso ya akatemi
  • Metlobo ya Kgolagano ya Ditšhaba
  • Manaane a Boswa jwa Setso jo bo sa Tshwaregeng a UNESCO
  • Setshwantsho se se Repameng sa UNESCO sa 1957–58, se se betlilweng ke Henry Moore
  • Uniref
  • Tšhata ya Boditšhabatšhaba ya Thuto ya go Itshidila mmele, go Itshidila mmele le Metshameko

Malatsi a boditšhabatšhaba a a lebelelwang kwa UNESCO

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]


Malatsi a Boditšhabatšhaba a a lebelelwang kwa UNESCO a kwadilwe mo lenaneong le le fa tlase:

Date Name
14 January World Logic Day
24 January World Day for African and Afrodescendant Culture[131]
24 January International Day of Education
25 January International Day of Women in Multilateralism[132]
27 January International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
11 February International Day of Women and Girls in Science
13 February World Radio Day
21 February International Mother Language Day
4 March UNESCO World Engineering Day for Sustainable Development
8 March International Women's Day
14 March International Day of Mathematics
20 March International Francophonie Day
21 March International Day of Nowruz
21 March World Poetry Day
21 March International Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination
22 March World Water Day
5 April International Day of Conscience
6 April International Day of Sport for Development and Peace
15 April World Art Day
23 April World Book and Copyright Day
30 April International Jazz Day
3 May World Press Freedom Day
5 May African World Heritage Day
5 May World Portuguese Language Day
16 May International Day of Light
21 May World Day for Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development
22 May International Day for Biological Diversity
5 June World Environment Day
8 June World Oceans Day
17 June World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought
7 July Kiswahili Language Day
18 July Nelson Mandela International Day
26 July International Day for the Conservation of the Mangrove Ecosystem
9 August International Day of the World's Indigenous People
12 August International Youth Day
23 August International Day for the Remembrance of the Slave Trade and its Abolition
8 September International Literacy Day
9 September International Day to Protect Education from Attack
15 September International Day of Democracy
20 September International Day for University Sport
21 September International Day of Peace
28 September International Day for the Universal Access to Information
5 October World Teachers' Day
6 October International Geodiversity Day[133]
11 October International Day of the Girl Child
13 October International Day for Disaster Reduction
17 October International Day for the Eradication of Poverty
24 October United Nations Day
27 October World Day for Audiovisual Heritage
2 November International Day to End Impunity for Crimes Against Journalists[134]
3 November International Day for Biosphere Reserves[135]
First Thursday of November International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying[136]
5 November World Day of Romani Language
5 November World Tsunami Awareness Day
10 November World Science Day for Peace and Development
14 November International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property[137]
Third Thursday of November World Philosophy Day
16 November International Day for Tolerance
18 November International International Day of Islamic Art[138]
25 November International Day for the Elimination of Violence against Women
26 November World Olive Tree Day[139]
29 November International Day of Solidarity with the Palestinian People
1 December World AIDS Day
2 December World Futures Day[140]
3 December International Day of Persons with Disabilities
10 December Human Rights Day
18 December International Migrants Day
18 December World Arabic Language Day
  1. ↑ "UNESCO". UNESCO. Retrieved 22 July 2025.
  2. ↑ "Introducing UNESCO". UNESCO. Retrieved 22 July 2025.
  3. ↑ "UNESCO history". UNESCO. Retrieved 23 April 2011.
  4. ↑ "List of UNESCO members and associates". UNESCO. Retrieved 23 August 2022.
  5. ↑ "Partnerships". UNESCO. 25 June 2013. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  6. ↑ "Field offices". UNESCO. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  7. ↑ "National Commissions". UNESCO. 28 September 2012. Retrieved 19 August 2020.
  8. ↑ "About UNESCO Office for the Pacific States". UNESCO. 1 August 2019. Retrieved 24 July 2023.
  9. ↑ "Apartheid: its effects on education, science, culture and information". UNESCO. 1967. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  10. ↑ "UNESCO Teaches History: Implementing International Understanding in Sweden", 201–230 (Palgrave Macmillan UK), 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-58120-4_11, retrieved 17 September 2020
  11. ↑ unesdoc.unesco.org https://unesdoc.unesco.org/48223/pf0000000372. Retrieved 2025-06-17. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  12. 1 2 3 4 "UNESCO at 74: An overview of its laudable progress". The Financial Express. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  13. ↑ "World Declaration On Higher Education For The Twenty-First Century: Vision And Action". UNESCO. 1998-10-09. Retrieved 2012-11-12.
  14. ↑ "Monuments of Nubia-International Campaign to Save the Monuments of Nubia". UNESCO. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  15. ↑ "The World Heritage Convention". UNESCO. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  16. ↑ "41st Session of the World Heritage Committee". The City of Krakow. 18 August 2017. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  17. ↑ "Text of the Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage". UNESCO. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  18. ↑ "Convention on the Protection and Promotion of the Diversity of Cultural Expressions". UNESCO. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  19. ↑ "About CERN". CERN. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  20. 1 2 "United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization: Seeds of Peace, Weeds of War". IRPJ = Intergovernmental Research and Policy Journal. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  21. 1 2 . pp. 147–169. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  22. ↑ "International Programme for the Development of Communication – About". UNESCO. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  23. ↑ "World Press Freedom Day". United Nations. Retrieved 2024-07-26.
  24. ↑ . pp. 64–. {{cite book}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  25. ↑ "U.S. stops UNESCO funding over Palestinian vote". 31 October 2011. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-palestinians-unesco-usa-funding/u-s-stops-unesco-funding-over-palestinian-vote-idUSTRE79U5ED20111031.
  26. ↑ "Unesco Approves Full Membership for Palestinians". 31 October 2011. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/01/world/middleeast/unesco-approves-full-membership-for-palestinians.html.
  27. ↑ "After UNESCO vote, Israeli sanctions on Palestinian Authority anger U.S.". 4 November 2011. http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/after-unesco-vote-israeli-sanctions-on-palestinian-authority-anger-u-s-1.393600.
  28. ↑ "Israel freezes UNESCO funds". CNN. 3 December 2011. http://articles.cnn.com/2011-11-03/middleeast/world_meast_israel-unesco_1_unesco-palestinian-bid-palestinian-state?_s=PM:MIDDLEEAST.
  29. ↑ "U.S., Israel lose voting rights at UNESCO over Palestine row". Reuters. 8 November 2013. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-unesco-idUSBRE9A70I320131108.
  30. ↑ ""69 years after joining, Israel formally leaves UNESCO; so, too, does the US" – The Times of Israel". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 2 February 2021.
  31. ↑ "Russia not elected to UNESCO Executive Board for the first time". 15 November 2023.
  32. 1 2 Charlton, Angela (2023-06-12). "US decides to rejoin UNESCO and pay back dues, to counter Chinese influence". Associated Press. Retrieved 2024-09-26.
  33. 1 2 Lee, Matthew (2024-09-26). "U.S. formally rejoins UNESCO 5 years after withdraw". PBS. Retrieved 2023-07-11.
  34. ↑ "Expertise". UNESCO. Retrieved 9 August 2024.
  35. ↑ "UNESCO Transparency Portal". opendata.unesco.org. Retrieved 2021-03-01.
  36. 1 2 3 "Tangible Cultural Heritage – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". unesco.org. Retrieved 2018-03-18.
  37. ↑ Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "UNESCO World Heritage Centre – Document – Discovered artifacts under preservation, Archaeological Site, 18 Hoang Dieu street". whc.unesco.org. Retrieved 2019-12-26.
  38. ↑ "Archives". The UNESCO Courier. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  39. ↑ "Science and Technology Education" (PDF). UNESCO. 1998. Retrieved 23 June 2016.
  40. ↑ "Quoted on UNESCO official site". Ngo-db.unesco.org. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  41. ↑ "Full list of NGOs that have official relations with UNESCO". UNESCO. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  42. ↑ "UNESCO Headquarters Committee 107th session 13 Feb 2009". Ngo-db.unesco.org. Retrieved 1 July 2012.
  43. ↑ "International Bureau of Education". UNESCO. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  44. ↑ "About the Institute". UIL – UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning. 29 October 2015. Archived from the original on 14 November 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  45. ↑ "IIEP UNESCO". Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  46. ↑ "Contact Us". UNESCO IITE. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  47. ↑ "Contact Us". IICBA. UNESCO. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  48. ↑ "Contact Us". IESALC. UNESCO. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  49. ↑ "Building Social and Emotional Learning for Education 2030". UNESCO MGIEP. UNESCO. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  50. ↑ "UNESCO-UNEVOC International Centre". Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  51. ↑ "The International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change (ICWRGC)". ICWRGC – International Centre for Water Resources and Global Change. Retrieved 4 July 2022.
  52. ↑ "Home". IHE Delft Institute for Water Education. UNESCO. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  53. ↑ "Mission & History". ICTP – International Centre for Theoretical Physics. UNESCO. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  54. ↑ "Contact Us". UNESCO Institute for Statistics. 21 November 2016. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  55. ↑ "World Day for African and Afrodescendant Culture". United Nations. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  56. ↑ "International Day of Women in Multilateralism". UNESCO.
  57. ↑ "Home". Geodiversity Day. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  58. ↑ "International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists". UNESCO. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  59. ↑ "International Day for Biosphere Reserves". UNESCO. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  60. ↑ "International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  61. ↑ "International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  62. ↑ "International Day of Islamic Art". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  63. ↑ "World Day of the Olive Tree". International Olive Council. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  64. ↑ "World Futures Day". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  65. ↑ "List of UNESCO members and associates". UNESCO. Retrieved 3 November 2011.
  66. ↑ "Summary update on Government progress to become a State Party to the UNESCO International Convention against Doping in Sport" (PDF). WADA. Archived from the original (PDF) on 16 January 2013. Retrieved 28 July 2009.
  67. ↑ Declaration by UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay on the withdrawal of Israel from the Organization, https://en.unesco.org/news/declaration-unesco-director-general-audrey-azoulay-withdrawal-israel-organization, retrieved 21 February 2019
  68. ↑ "State Parties". UNESCO. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  69. ↑ "Member States of the United Nations". United Nations. Retrieved 31 October 2011.
  70. ↑ Statement by Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO, on the occasion of the Withdrawal by the United States of America from UNESCO, https://en.unesco.org/news/statement-irina-bokova-director-general-unesco-occasion-withdrawal-united-states-america-unesco, retrieved 21 February 2019
  71. ↑ "UNESCO Statement following Nicaragua's decision to withdraw from the Organization". https://www.unesco.org/en/articles/unesco-statement-following-nicaraguas-decision-withdraw-organization.
  72. ↑ "Nicaragua leaves UNESCO after exiled newspaper wins award – DW – 05/04/2025". dw.com. Retrieved 2025-07-24.
  73. 1 2 3 "US says it's leaving UNESCO again, only 2 years after rejoining". AP News. 2025-07-22. Retrieved 2025-07-22.
  74. ↑ "The United States Withdraws from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)". United States Department of State. Retrieved 2025-07-22.
  75. ↑ "General Conference 37th". United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  76. ↑ "President of the 38th session of the General Conference". UNESCO. Retrieved 11 November 2015.
  77. ↑ "President of the 39th session of the General Conference". UNESCO. 5 October 2017. Retrieved 12 November 2017.
  78. ↑ "UNESCO: President of the 40th session of the General Conference". 14 October 201. Retrieved 20 August 2020.
  79. ↑ "41st Session of the General Conference – 9–24 November 2021". UNESCO. 1 June 2021. Retrieved 6 October 2021.
  80. ↑ "Address by Ms Simona Mirela Miculescu". 13 November 2023.
  81. ↑ "40th Session of the General Conference – 12–27 November 2019". UNESCO. 16 October 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  82. ↑ "Elections". 17 November 2021.
  83. ↑ "Elections". 15 November 2023.
  84. ↑ "List of All UNESCO Field Offices by Region with Descriptions of Member State Coverage". UNESCO.
  85. ↑ "UNESCO Office in Brasilia | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". unesco.org. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  86. ↑ "Oficina de la UNESCO en Quito | Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Educación, la Ciencia y la Cultura". unesco.org. Retrieved 24 September 2015.
  87. ↑ "UNESCO asks states considering withdrawal to 'reconsider their position'", UN Chronicle, January 1986, http://link.galegroup.com/apps/doc/A4079804/AONE?u=tamp44898&sid=AONE&xid=ef6d5640, retrieved 2 April 2018
  88. ↑ "Singapore to withdraw from UNESCO", The Telegraph, 28 December 1984, https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2209&dat=19841228&id=Y5srAAAAIBAJ&pg=5684,5359479, retrieved 20 June 2015
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  90. ↑ "How China uses UNESCO to rewrite history". 23 September 2023. https://www.economist.com/china/2023/09/21/how-china-uses-unesco-to-rewrite-history.
  91. ↑ Kashgarian, Asim (16 February 2023). "UNESCO Accused of Complicity in China's Treatment of Uyghur Heritage". Voice of America. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  92. ↑ Kachmar, Oleh (24 September 2020). "Uyghur Heritage and the Charge of Cultural Genocide in Xinjiang". New Lines Institute. Fairfax University of America. Retrieved 22 September 2023.
  93. ↑ "Hebron clashes over Israel's West Bank heritage list". BBC News. 26 February 2010. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8538948.stm.
  94. ↑ "Executive Board adopts five decisions concerning UNESCO's work in the occupied Palestinian and Arab Territories". UNESCO. 21 October 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  95. ↑ "The Two Palestinian sites of Al-Haram Al-Ibrahimi/Tomb of the Patriarchs in Al-Khalil/Hebron and the Bilal Bin Rabah Mosque/Rachel's Tomb in Bethlehem". http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0018/001873/187356e.pdf.
  96. ↑ Hillel Fendel (1 November 2010). "UNESCO Erases Israeli Protests from Rachel's Tomb Protocol". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  97. ↑ Maayana Miskin (29 October 2010). "UN Org.: Rachel's Tomb is a Mosque". Arutz Sheva. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  98. ↑ "Ayalon: Israel will no longer cooperate with UNESCO". The Jerusalem Post. 3 November 2010. Retrieved 3 November 2010.
  99. ↑ Shalom, Rabbi (5 November 2010). "Cooperation with UNESCO only partially suspended". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 8 August 2011.
  100. ↑ "UNESCO censures Israel over Mughrabi Bridge – Israel News, Ynetnews". Ynetnews. 20 June 1995. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4088221,00.html.
  101. ↑ Berman, Lazar (17 January 2014). "UNESCO cancels event on Jewish ties to Land of Israel". The Times of Israel. http://www.timesofisrael.com/unesco-cancels-event-on-jewish-ties-to-land-of-israel/.
  102. ↑ Ahren, Raphael (21 January 2014). "Author of UNESCO's nixed Israel exhibit decries 'appalling betrayal'". The Times of Israel. http://www.timesofisrael.com/author-of-unescos-nixed-israel-exhibit-decries-appalling-betrayal.
  103. ↑ Ahren, Raphael (1 January 2019). "69 years after joining, Israel formally leaves UNESCO; so, too, does the US". The Times of Israel. https://www.timesofisrael.com/69-years-after-joining-israel-formally-leaves-un-cultural-body/.
  104. 1 2 "UNESCO adopts anti-Israel resolution on al-Aqsa Mosque". Al Jazeera. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/unesco-adopts-anti-israel-resolution-al-aqsa-mosque-161018120610946.html.
  105. ↑ "Commission report" (PDF). UNESCO Digital Library. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  106. ↑ "UNESCO fails to acknowledge Jewish ties to Temple Mount". http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4866113,00.html.
  107. ↑ "Netanyahu leads angry denunciations of 'absurd' UNESCO decision". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  108. ↑ "UNESCO chief 'received death threats' for opposing Jerusalem motion". The Times of Israel. 17 October 2016. Retrieved 27 October 2016.
  109. ↑ "Statement by the Director-General of UNESCO on the Old City of Jerusalem and its Walls on the occasion of the 40th session of the World Heritage Committee of UNESCO in Istanbul – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  110. ↑ "UNESCO Director Criticizes Resolution: Temple Mount Sacred to Both Jews, Muslims". https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/1.747466.
  111. 1 2 "Czech MPs slam 'hateful' UNESCO Jerusalem resolution". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 19 October 2016.
  112. ↑ "UNESCO approves new Jerusalem resolution". Al Jazeera. http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/10/unesco-approves-anti-israel-resolution-jerusalem-161026173149575.html.
  113. ↑ "Unesco adopts controversial resolution on Jerusalem holy sites". https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/26/unesco-adopts-controversial-resolution-on-jerusalem-holy-sites-israel.
  114. ↑ "UNESCO resolution on Jerusalem holy sites draws criticism from U.S., Israel". http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/unesco-resolution-holy-sites-un-1.3821919.
  115. ↑ "The United States Withdraws From UNESCO". U.S. Department of State. https://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2017/10/274748.htm.
  116. ↑ "U.S. Will Withdraw From Unesco, Citing Its 'Anti-Israel Bias'". https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/12/us/politics/trump-unesco-withdrawal.html.
  117. ↑ "Unesco cuts funding for Palestinian youth magazine over Hitler praise". The Daily Telegraph (London). 23 December 2011. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/palestinianauthority/8975423/Unesco-cuts-funding-for-Palestinian-youth-magazine-over-Hitler-praise.html.
  118. ↑ "UNESCO Chair in Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Sciences (964), established in 2012 at The Islamic University of Gaza (Palestine)". UNESCO. Retrieved 15 July 2012.
  119. ↑ "UNESCO establishes chair at Gaza university accused of housing Hamas bomb labs". http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/07/12/unesco-accused-of-endorsing-hamas-terrorists-breeding-ground/.
  120. ↑ "Fatah: Shalit was held at Gaza Islamic University". Yedioth Ahronot. http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3361595,00.html.
  121. ↑ "Hamas University". http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/ideas/articles/2010/02/28/hamas_u/.
  122. ↑ "Israel furious at UNESCO decision to back science chair at Islamic University of Gaza". http://www.haaretz.com/blogs/diplomania/israel-furious-at-unesco-decision-to-back-science-chair-at-islamic-university-of-gaza-1.450524.
  123. ↑ "B'nai Brith slams UNESCO affiliation with Gaza University". http://www.timesofisrael.com/bnai-brith-slams-unesco-affiliation-with-gaza-university/.
  124. ↑ (www.dw.com), Deutsche Welle. "Japan furious at UNESCO listing Nanjing Massacre documents – Asia – DW.COM – 19.10.2015". Deutsche Welle. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  125. ↑ "Japan halts Unesco funding following Nanjing massacre row". https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/oct/14/japan-halts-unesco-funding-nanjing-massacre-row.
  126. ↑ "UNESCO Membership: Issues for Congress". Congressional Research Service reports. 20 November 2003. Retrieved 28 March 2019.
  127. ↑ "United States & UNESCO, Part 1". Starting from 05:08. C-SPAN. Retrieved 3 February 2020.
  128. ↑ "UNESDOC Database – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization". unesco.org. Retrieved 8 December 2015.
  129. ↑ "Information Processing Tools". Unesco.
  130. ↑ "OpenIDAMS". Unesco.
  131. ↑ "World Day for African and Afrodescendant Culture". United Nations. Retrieved 16 March 2023.
  132. ↑ "International Day of Women in Multilateralism". UNESCO.
  133. ↑ "Home". Geodiversity Day. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  134. ↑ "International Day to End Impunity for Crimes against Journalists". UNESCO. Retrieved 19 December 2016.
  135. ↑ "International Day for Biosphere Reserves". UNESCO. Retrieved 20 March 2023.
  136. ↑ "International day against violence and bullying at school including cyberbullying". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  137. ↑ "International Day against Illicit Trafficking in Cultural Property". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  138. ↑ "International Day of Islamic Art". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  139. ↑ "World Day of the Olive Tree". International Olive Council. Archived from the original on 30 March 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  140. ↑ "World Futures Day". UNESCO. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
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