Z. K. Matthews

ZK Matthews
Tsalo	Zachariah Keodirelang Matthews (1901-10-20)20 Diphalane 1901 Winter's Rush, Cape Colony
Leso	11 Motsheganong 1968(1968-05-11) (aged 66) Washington, DC
Thuto	University of South Africa Yale University London School of Economics
Bana	Joe Matthews-Scientific career
Scientific career
Fields	Social Anthropology and Custom Law
Institutions	University of Fort Hare
Notable students	Mangosuthu Buthelezi Seretse Khama Nelson Mandela Charles Njonjo Oliver Tambo

Zachariah Keodirelang Matthews OLG (20 Mphalane 1901 – 11 Motsheganong 1968) e ne e le moitsesaense yo o itsegeng wa montsho mo Aforika Borwa, a ruta kwa South African Native College (e e neng ya fetolwa leina go nna University of Fort Hare ka 1955). Baithuti ba gagwe ba ne ba akaretsa baeteledipele ba le bantsi ba mo isagweng ba kontinente ya Afrika.

Bophelo jwa pele

Z.K. Matthews o belegetswe kwa Winter's Rush gaufi le Kimberley ka 1901, e le morwa wa modiri wa moepo wa Bamangwato. Z.K. o goletse kwa Kimberley ya ditoropo, mme o ne a nna a na le dikamano tse di gaufi le ba losika lwa ga mmaagwe kwa metseselegaeng ya Barolong. O ne a ya kwa sekolong se segolwane sa Mission kwa Kapa Botlhaba kwa a neng a tsena teng kwa Lovedale. Morago ga Lovedale o ne a ithuta kwa South African Native College kwa Fort Hare. Ka 1923 o ne a kwala tlhatlhobo ya kwa ntle ya Yunibesithi ya Aforika Borwa.

Ka 1924, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tlhogo ya sekolo se segolwane kwa Adams College kwa Natala. Albert Luthuli le ene e ne e le morutabana fano. Banna bano ba babedi ba ne ba nna teng kwa dikopanong tsa Joint Council ya Durban mme ba ne ba dira mo Mokgatlhong wa Barutabana wa Natal, oo Matthews a neng a tlhophiwa go nna poresidente wa one.

Fa a ne a le kwa Natal, ka 1928, o ne a nyala Frieda Bokwe, morwadia John Knox Bokwe le mosadi wa gagwe. O ne a kopane le ene fa a ne a le moithuti kwa Fort Hare. Morwaabone e bong Joe, o ne a tsholwa ka 1929 kwa Durban. Moragonyana o ne a nna radipolotiki yo o itsegeng.

Ka 1930, morago ga thuto ya poraefete, Matthews o ne a bona dikirii ya LLB kwa Afrika Borwa, e e neng ya fiwa ke Yunibesiti ya Afrika Borwa. O ne a amogelwa jaaka mmueledi mme a dira nakwana kwa Alice, Kapa Botlhaba. Ka 1933, o ne a lalediwa go ya go ithuta kwa Yunibesithing ya Yale kwa United States. Fa a le koo mo ngwageng o o latelang o ne a fetsa MA. Morago ga moo o ne a ithuta kwa London School of Economics, a ithutela thutoloago ya batho ka Bronisław Malinowski.

O ne a boela kwa Afrika Borwa ka 1935. Ka 1936 o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Motlhatlheledi wa Social Anthropology le Native Law and Administration kwa Yunibesithing ya Fort Hare. Morago ga go tlogela tiro ga ga Davidson Don Tengo Jabavu ka 1944, Matthews o ne a tlhatlosiwa maemo go nna Porofesa mme a nna tlhogo ya Lefapha la Dithuto tsa Seaforika kwa Fort Hare.

Boitiriso jwa dipolotiki

Matthews ga a ka a dira fela tiro ya go nna moithuti. O ne a kopanya thuto ya gagwe ya thutoloago ya batho le molao le go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking. O ne a bona legae la gagwe la mmatota la sepolotiki mo ANC. O ne a kile a nna gone kwa dipokanong fa a ne a sa le mosimanyana a na le Sol Plaatje, yo e neng e le wa losika lwa gagwe yo o godileng. Ga a ka a nna leloko go fitlha ka 1940. Ka 1943, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna leloko la National Executive Committee. Ka nako eo gape o ne a nna leloko la Native Representative Council, lekgotla la bagakolodi fela le le neng la atlholwa jaaka  ⁇ telefounu ya ditshamekisi ⁇ . Matthews o fitlhetse go nna le seabe ga gagwe mo go yone go kgoba marapo, le fa gone a fitlhetse go dirisana le Native Education Act ya 1945 e le "boitemogelo jo bo botlhokwa" mo bathong ba a kopaneng le bone. Ka Seetebosigo 1949, Matthews o ne a tlhatlhama James Calata jaaka moporesidente wa porofense wa ANC kwa Kapa.

Ka Seetebosigo 1952, mo mosong wa Letsholo la Kganetso, o ne a tswa mo Afrika Borwa go ya go nna porofesa yo o etang kwa Union Theological Seminary ya New York.

O ne a boela gae ka May 1953. Le fa gone a ne a seyo kwa Kokoanong ya Batho ka 1955, o ne a thusa Lionel "Rusty" Bernstein go kwala Freedom Charter e e neng ya amogelwa koo. Denis Goldberg o tlotlomatsa Matthews ka go nna mongwe wa ba ba neng ba kgweetsa morago ga tshitshinyo ya go kgobokanya le go kwala dikeletso tsa batho tsa Charter.

Matthews o ne a tshwarwa ka December 1956, mme e ne e le mongwe wa ba ba neng ba latofadiwa mo Tshekong ya Treason. Fa a sena go gololwa mo tshekong kwa bofelong jwa 1958, o ne a boela kwa Fort Hare. O ne a rola tiro ya gagwe ka ntlha ya go ganetsa go fetisiwa ga molao o o neng o fokotsa yunibesiti go nna kholetšhe ya morafe wa Ba-Xhosa fela.

Ka 1961, Matthews o ne a fudugela kwa Geneva, kwa Switzerland fa a sena go tlhophiwa go nna mokwaledi wa lephata la Afrika la World Council of Churches.

Ka 1966, o ne a amogela tiro ya go nna moemedi kwa United States wa setšhaba se se neng se sa tswa go ikemela sa Botswana. O ne a tlhokafala kwa motsemoshate wa Washington, DC ka 11 Motsheganong 1968.

Dikgatiso tse di tlhophilweng

• A New Native Teachers' Course, Ilanga lase Natal, November 4, 11, 1927
• Bantu Law and Western Civilisation in South Africa: A Study in the Clash of Cultures Yale University, 1934. Master of Arts thesis.
• A Short History of the Tshidi Barolong, Fort Hare Papers, vol. 1 no. 1, June 1945
• Foreword, in Responsible Government in a Revolutionary Age, [ed.] Z. K. Matthews, Association Press, New York, 1966.
• Freedom For My People, Cape Town: Collings, 1981. (Published posthumously in 1981)
• Africa holds her own. An appreciation of Bantu tribal and national culture in the Imperial Protectorates and in the Union of South Africa. By W. Bryant Mumford. in co-operation with Hugh Ashton . [and] Z.K. Matthews.
• African awakening and the universities, Cape Town University of Cape Town, 1961.

Bona le gone

• Joe Matthews
• Naledi Pandor
• Temba Maqubela

Dikgokelo tsa kwa ntle

• Zachariah Keodirelang Matthews at South African History Online