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Donald Forrester Brown

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Donald Forrester Brown, VC (23 Tlhakole 1890 -1 Diphalane 1916) e ne e le moamogedi wa

Donald Forrester Brown
Head and shoulders portrait of a man in military uniform
Tsalo(1890-02-23)23 Tlhakole 1890
Dunedin, New Zealand
Leso1 Diphalane 1916(1916-10-01) (aged 26) †
near Eaucourt L'Abbaye, France
Buried
Warlencourt British Cemetery, France
AllegianceNew Zealand
Tiro/Lefelo la tiroNew Zealand Military Forces
Dingwag tsa a le mo tirong1915–1916
MaemoSergeant
Service numberNo. 8/3504
Unit2nd Battalion, Otago Infantry Regiment
DintwaFirst World War
AwardsVictoria Cross

Victoria Cross (VC) wa kwa New Zealand, e leng sekgele se se kwa godimo go di feta tsotlhe sa go nna pelokgale "fa o lebane le mmaba" se se ka abelwang masole a Boritane le a Commonwealth.

E re ka Brown a tsholetswe kwa Dunedin, e ne e le molemirui fa Ntwa ya Lefatshe I e ne e simologa ka 1914. Kwa bokhutlong jwa 1915, o ne a ithaopela go direla kwa moseja le New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) mme a romelwa kwa 2nd Battalion, Otago Infantry Regiment. O ne a bona tiro kwa Western Front, mme o ne a abelwa VC ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa gagwe ka nako ya Ntwa ya Flers ⁇ Courcelette ka Lwetse 1916. E re ka a ne a bolawa malatsi a le mmalwa morago ga moo ka nako ya Ntwa ya Le Transloy, o ne a newa sekgele seno morago ga loso lwa gagwe. VC ya gagwe e ne e le ya bobedi go abelwa lesole le le neng le direla le NZEF ka nako ya ntwa mme e ne e le ya ntlha go bonwa mo tirong ya kwa Bophirima.

Botshelo jwa gagwe[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Donald Forrester Brown o belegwe ka 23 Tlhakole 1890 kwa Dunedin, New Zealand.[1] E ne e le mongwe wa bana ba le 10 ba ga Robert Brown, yo e neng e le modiri wa diaparo yo o neng a nna kwa Oamaru, le mosadi wa gagwe e bong Jessie yo o neng a belegwe e le McFarlane. Batsadi ba gagwe e ne e le bafaladi go tswa kwa Scotland ba ba neng ba nyetse kwa New Zealand.[2] E re ka e ne e le mosimane yo monnye mo lelapeng la gaabo, Brown o ne a tsena sekolo kwa South School mme moragonyana a tsena kwa Waitaki Boys' High School kwa Oamaru. Morago ga go fetsa sekolo o ne a simolola go dira temothuo, mme ka 1913 o ne a rekile polase kwa Totara, kwa borwa jwa Oamaru. [3]

Ntwa ya ntlha ya lefatshe[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Fa Ntwa ya Ntlha ya Lefatshe e ne e simologa, Brown o ne a tswelela go dira mo polaseng ya gagwe ngwaga o le mongwe mme a e rekisa mme a ithaopa go nna leloko la New Zealand Expeditionary Force (NZEF) ka 19 Diphalane 1915.[4] O ne a amogela katiso ya gagwe kwa Trentham Military Camp mme a ya kwa Botlhaba-Gare ka Ferikgong wa 1916 a na le Ba-Ninth Reinforcements. Ka nako eno o ne a setse a tlhatloseditswe maemo go nna mokolonele. [5] New Zealand Division e e neng e sa tswa go tlhomiwa e ne e katisiwa kwa Egepeto mme fa Brown a goroga, o ne a romelwa kwa 2nd Battalion, Otago Infantry Regiment. Mo dikgweding di le mmalwa fela o ne a le kwa Bophirima jwa Fora le karolo e e setseng ya mophato.[6]

Fa ba goroga kwa France, ba ne ba romelwa kwa karolong ya Armentières ya Western Front. Lefelo leno le ne le tsewa jaaka lefelo la "go godisa" masole a a se nang maitemogelo kwa Bophirima. Batlhabani ba ga Brown ba ne ba bewa kwa botlhaba jwa Armentières. Le mororo e ne e le karolo e e didimetseng ya kwa pele, e ne e santse e le mo kotsing ya go thuntshiwa ke dibetsa tsa dibetsa le batlhasedi ba ba thuntshang ka tlhamalalo. [7]Battalion e ne e nna e tsena le go tswa mo moleng wa kwa pele, jaaka e ne e nna le maitemogelo mo ntweng ya mo dikhuting.[8]Ka Phatwe 1916, lephata le ne la simolola go fudugela kwa karolong ya Somme. [9]

Mo kgweding e e latelang, Brown, yo jaanong e neng e le sergeant, o ne a le mo Ntweng ya Flers - Courcelette, karolo ya Somme Offensive.[10] Mo letsatsing la ntlha la ntwa, 15 Lwetse, 2nd Otago Battalion, mmogo le 2nd Auckland Battalion, ba ne ba tshwanela go gapa metseletsele ya mekgobo e e neng e tshwerwe ke Majeremane go tswa mo ba neng ba le teng kwa borwabotlhaba jwa High Wood. Go tlhasela go simolotse ka 6:20 mo mosong.[11]Le fa mokgobo wa ntlha o ne wa tsewa motlhofo ka thuso ya tshegetso e e nonofileng ya dibetsa, khampani ya gagwe e ne ya tlhaselwa thata ke ditlhobolo tsa metšhine fa e ntse e ya kwa mokgokoloseng o o latelang, o o neng wa baka dintsho tse dintsi mo khampaning. Brown, a na le lesole le lengwe, Corporal Jesse Rodgers, ba ne ba tlhasela lefelo la ditlhobolo tsa metšhini, ba bolaya setlhopha le go gapa tlhobolo. Masole a a neng a setse a ne a kgobokana gape mme a ipaakanyetsa go tlhasela mo mogobeng o o latelang. Ka nako ya fa ba ne ba sirelediwa ka go thuntshiwa ke dibetsa, ba ne ba tlhaselwa gape ka ditlhobolo tsa metšhini. Brown o ne a le mo gare ga bao ba neng ba tlhasela lefelo leno la bobedi la ditlhobolo tsa metšhini, a lebagana le matshosetsi ka bonako.[12]

Fa go sena go tlosiwa ditlhaselo tse di neng di ba sireleditse, Ba-New Zealand ba ne ba gatela pele mme ba gapa mokgele wa bone o o latelang, lefelo le le neng le itsege jaaka Switch Trench, ka 7:00 a.m. Ditanka dingwe di ne di tshwanetse go thusa masole a a tsamayang ka dinao mme di ne tsa se ka tsa bonwa.[13] Brown o ne a le botlhokwa mo go tokafatseng ka bonako tshireletso e e leng teng go ipaakanyetsa tlhaselo e e ka nnang teng,[14]ka go epa mesima e mesha ya go iphitlha fa Switch Trench e ka tlhaselwa ke ditlhobolo tsa Jeremane.[15] Mo letsatsing le le latelang, batlhabani ba gagwe ba ne ba gololwa mme ba tswa mo moleng wa kwa pele. Setlhopha sa ga Brown se ne sa latlhegelwa ke banna ba le 123 go tswa go ba le 180 ba ba neng ba le teng ka letsatsi la ntlha la ntwa. [16]

Morago ga nako ya go ikhutsa, mophato wa ga Brown o ne wa boela kwa moleng wa kwa pele mo maitseboeng a September 28. E ne e tshwanetse go nna nngwe ya batlhabani ba batlhasedi ba ba neng ba le mo tlhaselong ya go phepafatsa tsamaiso ya dikepe tsa Majeremane gaufi le Eaucourt L'Abbaye [17] jaaka karolo ya Ntwa ya Le Transloy e e simolotseng ka 1 Diphalane. Mo letsatsing la ntlha la ntwa, Brown o ne a nna le seabe gape mo go thopeng lefelo la ditlhobolo tsa metšhini tsa Bajeremane kwa lefelong le le nonofileng le le neng le thibela masole a a neng a tlhasela. Brown o ne a ya kwa pele a le nosi, a tshotse tlhobolo fela, mme a tlhasela kago eo ya phemelo. O ne a kgona go bolaya batho ba ba neng ba le mo sekepeng le go gapa tlhobolo e e neng ya dira gore masole a gagwe a kgone go tlhasela le go gapa lefelo le le nonofileng. Fa a ne a thuntsha masole a Majeremane fa a ne a tshaba, Brown o ne a thuntshiwa mo tlhogong ke mosenagetsi mme a bolawa ka ponyo ya leitlho. [18][19]

Sefapano sa cross[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

lebitla la ga Brown kwa Warlencourt British Cemetery

Molaodi wa khampani ya ga Brown o ne a mo akantsha gore a newe Distinguished Conduct Medal ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa gagwe ka 15 Lwetse. Mo lekwalong le a neng a le kwaletse rraagwe Brown, molaodi wa gagwe wa batalion o ne a solofela gore kgothatso e tla tokafadiwa go nna Victoria Cross (VC).[20]VC, e e tlhomilweng ka 1856, e ne e le sekgele se se kwa godimo go gaisa sa bopelokgale se se neng se ka fiwa lesole la Mmusomogolo wa Boritane.[21]Boeteledipele jo bo kwa godimo jwa NZEF bo ne bo diega go lemoga bopelokgale jwa ga Brown mme e ne e se go fitlha batlhankedi ba batalione ya gagwe ba dira boikuelo jwa go tlhophiwa ga VC gore go nne le kgatelopele epe e e dirilweng. Go abelwa ga VC go Brown go ne ga tlhagelela mo The London Gazette ka 15 Seetebosigo 1917. [22] Mafoko a a nopotsweng a ne a re:

Ka ntlha ya bopelokgale le boikemisetso jwa gagwe jo bo tlhomologileng fa a ne a tlhasela fa setlhopha se a neng a le mo go sone se ne se latlhegetswe thata ke badiredi ba sesole le banna ba sone ka ntlha ya go thuntshiwa ke ditlhobolo tsa motšhine.

Ka go tsenya botshelo jwa gagwe mo kotsing, molaodi yono wa masole o ne a gatela pele le tsala ya gagwe mme a kgona go fitlha mo lefelong le le neng le le bokgakala jwa dimetara di le masome a mararo go tswa mo ditlhobolong tsa mmaba.

Banna ba le banè ba ba neng ba tshwere ditlhobolo ba ne ba bolawa mme tlhobolo ya thopiwa. Setlhopha seno se ne sa tswelela pele se gatela pele go fitlha se kgorelediwa gape ke go thuntshiwa ka ditlhobolo. Gape Sjt. Brown le tsala ya gagwe ba ne ba dirisa tlhobolo ka bopelokgale mme ba bolaya batho ba ba neng ba le mo sekepeng. Morago ga go fenya maemo a bobedi ano, setlhopha seno se ne sa tlhaselwa thata, mme go nyatsa kotsi ka tsela e e feteletseng le go nna a ritibetse fa a tlhaselwa ga molaodi yono wa sesole yo o neng a sa tlhomama go ne ga thusa thata go nonotsha banna ba gagwe.

Mo tiragalong e nngwe e e neng ya latela mo tlhaselong, Sjt Brown o ne a supa bopelokgale jo bo tlhomologileng. O ne a tlhasela a le nosi sethunya sa motšhini se se neng se thibela tlhaselo, a bolaya setlhopha sa batlhabani, mme a gapa sethunya. Moragonyana, lesole leno le le pelokgale le ne la bolawa fa le ne le thuntsha mmaba yo o neng a ikgogela morago.

London Gazett No,30130, 12 Seetebosigo 1917[23]

VC ya ga Brown e ne e le ya bobedi go abelwa lesole la NZEF mme ya ntlha e le ka ntlha ya tiro ya kwa Bophirima. Note 2] Arthur Foljambe, 2nd Earl of Liverpool le New Zealand's Governor General, ba ne ba neela VC go rraagwe Brown mo moletlong kwa Oamaru ka 30 Phatwe 1917.[24] Sefoka se sa ntse se le mo diatleng tsa ba lelapa la gagwe mme se adimilwe gore se bontshiwe kwa Waitaki Boys' High School, QEII Army Memorial Museum kwa Waiouru[25] le kwa North Otago Museum.[26] Brown o fitlhilwe kwa Warlencourt British Cemetery, France.[27]

Letlapa la segopodiso go mo tlotlomatsa le ne la ribololwa kwa Oamaru Municipal Chambers ka 27 Diphalane 1917.[28] Ka 1919, jaaka karolo ya maiteko a go lemoga banna go tswa kwa North Otago ba ba neng ba bolailwe mo ntweng, setlhare sa oak se ne sa jalwa go mo gopola kwa Oamaru.[29] Gape go na le letlapa le le mo tlotlomatsang kwa Queen's Garden kwa Dunedin.[30]

Metswedi[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

  1. ↑ "Donald Forrester Brown". Auckland War Memorial Museum. Retrieved 8 July 2022 – via Online Cenotaph.[1]
  2. ↑ "Donald Forrester Brown VC". The Comprehensive Guide to The Victoria and George Cross. Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.[2]
  3. ↑ "An Oamaru V.C". Oamaru Mail. No. 13173. 11 June 2017. Archived from the original on 23 February 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2018.[3]
  4. ↑ Harper & Richardson 2007, pp. 130–135.[4]
  5. ↑ "An Oamaru V.C". Oamaru Mail. No. 13173. 11 June 2017. Archived from the original on 23 February 2018. Retrieved 23 February 2018.[5]
  6. ↑ Harper & Richardson 2007, pp. 130–135.[6]
  7. ↑ Byrne 1921, p. 93
  8. ↑ Byrne 1921, pp. 93–94.[7]
  9. ↑ Byrne 1921, p. 108
  10. ↑ Harper & Richardson 2007, pp. 130–135
  11. ↑ McGibbon 2016, pp. 76–78.[8]
  12. ↑ Harper & Richardson 2007, pp. 130–135.[9]
  13. ↑ McGibbon 2016, pp. 76–78.[10]
  14. ↑ Harper & Richardson 2007, pp. 130–135.[11]
  15. ↑ McGibbon 2016, pp. 77–78.[12]
  16. ↑ Harper & Richardson 2007, pp. 130–135.[13]
  17. ↑ Byrne 1921, pp. 133–134.[14]
  18. ↑ Gray 2010, p. 239.[15]
  19. ↑ Stewart 1921, p. 114.[16]
  20. ↑ Harper & Richardson 2007, pp. 130–135.[17]
  21. ↑ McGibbon 2000, pp. 558–559.[18]
  22. ↑ Harper & Richardson 2007, pp. 130–135
  23. ↑ "No. 30130". The London Gazette (Supplement). 12 June 1917. p. 5866.[19]
  24. ↑ "The Governor at Oamaru". Waimate Daily Advertiser. No. XVII, issue 676. Press Association. 30 August 1917. Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.[20]
  25. ↑ Bruce, David (1 December 2011). "'Missing' Victoria Cross held by family". Otago Daily News. Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.[21]
  26. ↑ "The Governor at Oamaru". Waimate Daily Advertiser. No. XVII, issue 676. Press Association. 30 August 1917. Archived from the original on 18 March 2018. Retrieved 18 March 2018.[22]
  27. ↑ McGibbon 2001, p. 62
  28. ↑ McGibbon 2001, p. 62.[23]
  29. ↑ "North Otago Memorial Oaks". NZ History. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Archived from the original on 30 January 2019. Retrieved 24 November 2019.[24]
  30. ↑ "Donald Forrester Brown". Auckland War Memorial Museum. Retrieved 8 July 2022 – via Online Cenotaph.[25]
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