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Elizabeth Needham

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Elizabeth Needham

Elizabeth Needham (o tlhokafetse ka 3 Motsheganong 1731), yo gape a itsegeng ka Mother Needham, e ne e le mosadi wa Seesemane yo o neng a rekisa dithoto tsa gagwe le go nna motlhokomedi wa ntlo ya diaka kwa Lontone ka lekgolo la bo 18 la dingwaga, yo o neng a itsiwe jaaka Moll Hackabout yo o neng a dumedisa ka tsela e e maswe mo poleiting ya ntlha ya motseletsele wa ditshwantsho tsa ga William Hogarth tse di tshosang, A Harlot's Progress. Le fa gone Needham a ne a itsege thata kwa Lontone ka nako eo, go kwadilwe go le gonnye fela ka botshelo jwa gagwe, e bile ga go na ditshwantsho dipe tsa gagwe tse di sa ntseng di le teng. Ntlo ya gagwe e ne e le ya maemo a a kwa godimo thata kwa Lontone mme bareki ba gagwe e ne e le ba maemo a a kwa godimo thata mo setšhabeng se se neng se le mo fesheneng, le fa go ntse jalo, kgabagare o ne a se ka a dumelana le balweladiphetogo ba motlha oo mme o ne a swa ka ntlha ya tsela e e setlhogo e a neng a tshwarwa ka yone fa a sena go atlholelwa go bolawa.

Motshameki[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ga go na sepe se se itsiweng ka botshelo jwa ga Needham jwa pele, mme ka nako ya fa a ne a le mo dingwageng tsa bogare o ne a itsege kwa Lontone jaaka motlhokomedi wa ntlo ya diaka kwa Park Place, St. James. Ntlo ya gagwe e ne e tsewa jaaka e e kgethegileng go gaisa tsotlhe mo Lontone, e gaisa ya kwa Covent Garden, tota le e e neng e le ya mosadi yo mongwe yo o neng a itsege thata wa motlha oo, e bong Mmè Wisebourne.[1] O ne a bolelwa a santse a le montle mo dingwageng tsa bogare; Hogarth o ne a mo tlhalosa jaaka "Motlhankedi yo montle wa mosadimogolo ... a apere sentle ka sei", mme o umaka "dikhutsafalo mo sefatlhegong sa gagwe" mme mo setshwantshong sa gagwe sefatlhego sa gagwe se bonwa se na le matshwao a pock. [2] O ne a dirisa maina a a farologaneng: Bird, Howard, Blewitt le Trent ke mangwe a maina a a neng a bidiwa ka ene, [3] le fa gone Mother Bird e ne e le leina la mong wa ntlo ya diaka yo mongwe yo o neng a tsenngwa mo Kgolegelong ya Newgate le Needham ka 1724. Go bonala Needham a ne a le setlhogo mo basetsaneng le mo basading ba ba neng ba mo direla. Ba ne ba patelediwa go hira diaparo tsa bone mo go ene, mme fa ba ne ba sa kgone go duela madi a a kwa godimo a rente, o ne a ba pateletsa go tsaya bareki ba bangwe kgotsa a ba tsenya mo kgolegelong go fitlha ba kgotsofatsa dikopo tsa gagwe (leano le mogaka wa ga John Cleland a neng a wela mo go lone Fanny Hill (1748)). Fa ba setse ba tsofetse thata kgotsa ba lwala thata gore ba ka kgona go ngoka bareki, o ne a ba latlhela kwa ntle. [4]

Needham o ne a reka diaka tsa gagwe go tswa mo metsweding e le mentsi go akaretsa le mo matlong a barekisi ba bangwe ba diaka, "Bails" kwa Covent Garden koo basetsana ba ba senang magae ba neng ba robala ba sa robala, Tom King's Coffee House, mme, go bonala, go tswa kwa dithekisetsong,[5]mme, jaaka go bontshitswe mo setshwantshong sa ga Hogarth, o ne a itebagantse thata le basetsana le basadi ba ba tswang kwa nageng. Mokwadi mongwe wa ditlhamo e bong Richard Steele o ne a mmona a tshameka le mosetsana mongwe yo o neng a sa tswa go goroga fa a ne a ya go kgatlhantsha kolotsana e e neng e mo tlisetsa dilwana go tswa kwa magaeng. O ne a mo tlhalosa jaaka "yo o botlhale", mme go lebega a ne a le botsalano ebile a dirisana le badiri ba gagwe ba ba ka nnang teng, a senola botho jwa gagwe jo bo bosula fela fa ba ne ba le ka fa tlase ga marulelo a gagwe; mo go The Dunciad, Alexander Pope o tlhagisa gore a se ka a "... tshasa mafoko a gago ka mokgwa wa ga Mmè Needham". [6]Pope o bua ka ene gape kwa bokhutlong jwa The Dunciad (1728), a bua ka molomo wa gagwe o o maswe, mme gape, mmogo le basadi ba bangwe ba ba tumileng ba nako eo, mo ditemaneng tsa bofelo tsa Coronation Epistle ya gagwe (e e neng ya gatisiwa mo dikgatisong tsa poko go tloga ka 1769 go fitlha ka 1954): For Want of you, we spend our random Wit on The first we find with Needham, Brooks, or Briton.[7]

Bareki[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Tlhogo ya bareki ba gagwe e ne e le Francis Charteris le ntsalae e bong Duke wa Wharton. Charteris o iketlile mo kgorong e e kwa morago ga Needham mo setshwantshong sa ga Hogarth.[8]Ronald Paulson o akantsha gore sekao sa Moll Hackabout mo tiragalong ya ntlha ya ga Hogarth ke Ann Bond, yo o neng a raelwa ke Needham mme a betelelwa ke Charteris.[9]Charteris, yo o neng a setse a itsiwe jaaka "Mokgothisi-Mogolo wa go Betelela", o ne a bonwa molato mme a atlholelwa loso ka ntlha ya petelelo ya ga Bond, le fa a ne a itshwarelwa moragonyana. Leina la ga Needham ga le a ka la umakiwa mo tshekong eo.

Needham o ka tswa a ile a itsise Charteris go Sally Salisbury ka 1708. [10]Salisbury e ne e le seaka se se tumileng thata sa nako eo mme Charteris o ne a nna le ene ka lobakanyana jaaka mogatse kwa tshimologong ya tiro ya gagwe. Fa mosadi wa gagwe wa pele, Mmè Wisebourne, a tlhokafala ka 1719, o ne a nna leloko la lelapa la ga Needham mme a tla le bareki ba maemo a a kwa godimo mo setšhabeng. Salisbury o ne a dira gore lelapa la ga Needham le itsege thata ka go dira gore mosetsana yo mongwe wa ga Needham a utswe diaparo tsa ga Earl wa Cardigan. Basadi bano ba babedi ba ne ba tsamaya le ene go ya kwa Newmarket kwa a neng a tagwa gone, mme fa ba sena go mo robatsa kwa ntlong ya baeng ba ne ba utswa diaparo tsa gagwe le dibenyane mme ba boela kwa Lontone. [11]

Earl o ne a tsaya kgang eno jaaka motlae. Kakanyo ya leina la ntlo ya ga Needham e ka kgobokanngwa go tswa mo go nngwe ya Joe Miller's Jests, e e akaretsang go kopa mo[12]ng wa ntlo ya gagwe go emela madi a gagwe go fitlha Palamente le Kopano di dula, ka nako eo a tla kgonang go mo duela ga lesome [13]le ka polelo ya loso ya pele ga nako, e e tlhageletseng mo London Journal. Ya bofelo e tlhalosa ka boswa jo mo go jone a abelang bareki ba gagwe ba ba itsegeng dimpho tse di tshwanelang: "setshwantsho sa Sodoma le Gomora se se supang D - n; digalase tsa Mercuris Dulcis go Beau C - e, wa St. Martin's Lane; setsha sa gagwe se ne sa ya kwa go Duke wa Wharton; laeborari ya gagwe kwa go Ned C―; le rasiti ya go fodisa go opa ga diatla kwa go Quibus yo monnye". [14] Ka nako eo, batho ba go buiwang ka bone ba ne ba ka se ka ba swabisiwa ke go bo maina a bone a ne a sa umakiwa ka botlalo, mme gone jaanong go a fopholediwa gore ke bomang

Bareki ba gagwe ba ba nang le dikamano tse di molemo ba ka tswa ba ile ba mo thusa gore a se ka a tshwarwa. Le fa go na le kgopolo e e tumileng ya gore Sally Salisbury o ne a tlhabile John Finch, morwa wa Duchess of Winchelsea, ka 1723 mo ntlong ya gagwe (e ne e diragetse kwa Three Tuns Tavern kwa Covent Garden), lekgetlho la ntlha Needham e ne ya tlhaselwa e ne e le ka 1724: [15]

Maabane mo mosong Mmè Needham yo o tumileng le Mmè Nonyane, batlhokomedi ba babedi ba ba itsegeng ba Game of the Kingdom, ba ne ba romelwa kwa Newgate; matlo a bone a ne a tshwenngwa bosigo jwa pele ke ba-Constables, ba ba neng ba ntsha banna le basadi ba le bantsi, mme ba ba isa kwa Round-House. E re ka e le lekgetlho la ntlha go bo Mmè Needham a kgalemelwa phatlalatsa, e re ka e le ene a eteletseng pele mo ditirong tse di sa siamang mo toropong eno, go akanngwa gore seno se tla senya lelapa la gagwe. Daily Journal, Labobedi 21 Phukwi 1724.Mapodise a ne a fitlhetse "basadi ba babedi ba robetse le banna ba babedi ba ba tlhomologileng". Banna ba ne ba bofiwa, mme basadi ba ne ba romelwa kwa Tothill Fields Bridewell go dira tiro e e bokete. Kotlhao ya ga Needham mo lekgetlhong leno ga e a kwalwa, mme go lebega a ne a santse a le mo kgolegelong ka Lwetse fa ntlo ya gagwe e ne e sha, go bolawa mongwe wa banni, Mokapotene Barbute, modiredimogolo wa Mofora. Ka 1728, basetsana ba gagwe ba le mmalwa ba ne ba tshwarwa, mme go lebega a ile a falola kotlhao.[16]

Go tshwarwa, go bonwa molato le go bolawa[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Kwa bokhutlong jwa 1730, Sir John Gonson, Moatlhodi wa Kagiso le motshegetsi yo o tlhoafetseng wa Mokgatlho wa Diphetogo tsa Mekgwa, o ne a rotloediwa ke kgakge e e neng e dikologile kgetsi ya petelelo ya ga Charteris,[17]a simolola go dira ditlhaselo mo matlong a boaka go ralala Lontone. Mo masimologong a 1731 o ne a gorogile kwa St James, koo banni bangwe ba Park Place ba neng ba bega ka "Ntlo e e sa Laolesegeng e e sa Laolesegeng mo Tikologong eo". [18]

Ka nnete, ntlo ya ga Needham e ne e sa itsege, ka a ne a direla batho ba maemo a a kwa godimo mo setšhabeng ka dingwaga tse dintsi, mme o ne a tshwarwa ke Gonson mme a romelwa kwa Gatehouse ke Moatlhodi Railton.[19] Ka 29 Moranang 1731, Needham o ne a bonwa molato wa go nna le ntlo e e tlhakatlhakaneng, a duedisiwa shilling e le nngwe, mme a atlholelwa go ema gabedi mo koteng ya tlhokofatso, le "go bona ba ba tla mo tshegetsang mo boitshwarong jwa gagwe jo bo siameng ka dingwaga di le 3". Ka 30 Moranang o ne a isiwa kwa phupung gaufi le Park Place go ema ka lekgetlho la ntlha. Gongwe ka ntlha ya go bo a ne a itse batho ba le bantsi, o ne a letlelelwa go rapama ka sefatlhego fa pele ga mokgoro mme go ne go na le badisa ba le mmalwa ba ba neng ba duelwa gore ba mo sireletse. Le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a itewa thata jaana mo go neng go akanngwa gore o tla swa pele kotlhao ya gagwe e fela. Boidiidi jo bo neng bo phuthegile go tla go bona fa a bolawa bo ne bo le bogolo mo e leng gore mosimane mongwe o ne a wela mo godimo ga terata ya tshipi fa a ne a leka go bona botoka mme a bolawa. [20]

Metswedi[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

  1. ↑ Linnane (2003) p.109
  2. ↑ Linnane (2003) p.109
  3. ↑ "Early Eighteenth-Century Newspaper Reports: A Sourcebook, "Mother Needham"". Rictor Norton. 20 April 2002. Retrieved 7 June 2007.[1]
  4. ↑ Linnane (2003) p.109
  5. ↑ Burford p.70
  6. ↑ Linnane (2003) p.110
  7. ↑ Maud, Ralph N.; Pope (1958). "Some Lines from Pope". The Review of English Studies. New Series. 9 (34). Oxford University Press: 146–151. doi:10.1093/res/IX.34.146. JSTOR 511941.
  8. ↑ Linnane (2003) p.110
  9. ↑ Paulson (2000) p.313
  10. ↑ Burford p.47
  11. ↑ Burford p.50
  12. ↑ "Early Eighteenth-Century Newspaper Reports: A Sourcebook, "Mother Needham"". Rictor Norton. 20 April 2002. Retrieved 7 June 2007.
  13. ↑ Joe Miller (attrib.) (1790). John Motley (ed.). Joe Miller's Jests. London: William Lane. p. 144.
  14. ↑ "Early Eighteenth-Century Newspaper Reports: A Sourcebook, "Mother Needham"". Rictor Norton. 20 April 2002. Retrieved 7 June 2007.[2]
  15. ↑ "Early Eighteenth-Century Newspaper Reports: A Sourcebook, "Mother Needham"". Rictor Norton. 20 April 2002. Retrieved 7 June 2007.[3]
  16. ↑ "Early Eighteenth-Century Newspaper Reports: A Sourcebook, "Mother Needham"". Rictor Norton. 20 April 2002. Retrieved 7 June 2007.[4]
  17. ↑ Linnane (2003) p.110
  18. ↑ Paulson (1992) p.252
  19. ↑ Paulson (1992) p.252
  20. ↑ Burford p.70
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