Foufalo ka ntlha ya bomorafe
Bofofu jwa mmala ke lereo le le dirisitsweng ke baatlhodi ba kgotlatshekelo ya United States mo diponagalong tsa mmala tse di ba kopanang le tekatekano ya bomorafe le ya loago, bogolo jang mo thutong ya ba setshaba.[1][2][3][4] Lereo leno le ka kgona go ka tsela ya tshwantshetso le kaya tiragalo ya kalafi ya go foufala ga mmala.
Ka dinako tse di fitileng tsa hisitori , batho le ditlhopha di dirisitse lefoko lee go bontsha seemo se se batlagalang kgotsa se go tweng se fitlheletswe mo kgololosegong tsa mo tlhaolong ya lotso kgotsa keletso ya gore ba melao ga ba tshwanela go sekaseka lotso ka tlhamalalo. Ka dinako tse dingwe go ile ga bolelwa gore melawana e e farologanyang ka go kgaoganngwa ga bo morafe ba ka nna ba dira, go tsweletsa kgotsa go gakatsa kgaogano ya bomorafe.
Baithutaloago le bakwalahisitori ba boammaaruri jwa dipolelo tsa gore tekatekano ya bomorafe e fitlhetswe.[5][6]
Bosheng jaana, lefoko color blind le tlhageletse mo telebishining tsa ya kgotlatshekelo yaUnited States tse e le gore di akaretsa di dikgato tse di tshegetsanang ebile di sekasekiwa ke ba molao le ditlamorago tsa yone:
- Mo kgopolong e e dumalanang ya Regents v. Bakke (1978), Baatlhodi William J. Brennan Jr., Byron White, Thurgood Marshall, le Harry Blackmun ba ne ba ganetsa lefoko le le sa diriseng mmala, ba kwala gore "ga re kgone ... go letlelela bofofu jwa mmala go nna go sa boneng kgakala go go fitlhelelang boammaaruri jwa gore batho ba le bantsi ba ba 'batilweng ba lekana' ba ile ba tshwarwa mo matshelong a rona jaaka ba ba kwa tlase ke molao le baagi-ka-bone"[2]
- Mo kgopolong ya gagwe e e sa dumalaneng le Gratz v. Bollinger (2003), Moatlhodi Ruth Bader Ginsburg o nopola go tswa mo tshwetsong ya 1966 ya Kgaolo ya Botlhano: [ke efe?"'Molaotheo ga o bone mmala e bile o itse mmala. Go tila go thulana le molawana wa tshireletso e e lekanang, go kgaoganngwa ga batho go go ganetsang molemo, go go gobatsang, kgotsa go gobakisa morwalo ga go a tshwanela go ikaega ka lotso. Ka tlhaloganyo eo, Molaotheo ga o bone mmala. Mme Molaotheo o itse mmala go thibela tlhaolele go tswelela le go fedisa ditlamorago tsa tlhaolele ya nako e e fetileng.'"[3]
- Mo ponong ya gagwe e e dumalanang le PICS v. Seattle (2007), Moatlhodi Clarence Thomas o kwadile gore "Molaotheo o o sa bonaleng mmala ga o thibele puso go tsaya dikgato tsa go rarabolola tlhaolele e e tshegediwang ke puso ya nako e e fetileng, e tlhoka gore dikgato tse di ntseng jalo di tsewe mo maemong a a rileng".[4]
- ↑ "U.S. Reports: Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States. 1896.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 "U.S. Reports: Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States. 1978. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Bakke" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 3.0 3.1 "U.S. Reports: Gratz et al. v. Bollinger et al., 539 U.S. 234" (PDF). Supreme Court of the United States. 2003. Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Gratz" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ 4.0 4.1 Parents Involved in Community Schools v. Seattle School District No. 1 https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/06pdf/05-908.pdf
- ↑ Holmes, David G. (2007) Affirmative Reaction: Kennedy, Nixon, King, and the Evolution of Color-Blind Rhetoric, Rhetoric Review, 26:1, 25–41, DOI:
- ↑ . pp. 320–322.
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