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Lazarus Aaronson

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Lazarus Leonard Aaronson MBE (24 Sedimonthole 1894 - 9 Sedimonthole 1966), yo gantsi a bidiwang L. Aaronson, e ne e le mmoki wa kwa Boritane e bile e le motlhatlheledi wa tsa

Lazarus Aaronson

MBE
Tsalo
Lazarus Leonard Aaronson

(1894-12-24)24 Sedimonthole 1894
Spitalfields, London, England
Leso9 Sedimonthole 1966(1966-12-09) (aged 71)
Harpenden, Hertfordshire, England
LetsoBritish
Maina amangweL. Aaronson
Tiro
Dingwaga tsa a le mo tirong1930–1966
O itsegi kaWhitechapel Boys
BanaDavid (b. 1953)

ikonomi. Fa a sa le lekawana, o ne a le mo setlhopheng sa ditsala tsa Bajuda tse gompieno di itsegeng e le Whitechapel Boys, ba bontsi jwa bone moragonyana ba neng ba tuma jaaka bakwadi le bataki. Le fa gone a ne a sa dirise puo ka tsela e e feteletseng, o ne a bapisiwa le tsala ya gagwe e e itsegeng thata ya kwa Whitechapel, Isaac Rosenberg, ka tsela e a neng a bua ka yone le ka tsela e a neng a bua ka yone. Maboko a ga Aaronson a tlhalosiwa e le a 'post-Georgian' go na le a segompieno, mme babadi ba kgonne go bona tlhotlheletso ya gagwe go tswa go mmoki wa Moesemane John Keats, le baboki ba Sehebera jaaka Shaul Tchernichovsky le Zalman Shneur.

Aaronson o ne a nna botshelo jwa gagwe jotlhe kwa London mme o ne a dira jaaka motlhatlheledi wa tsa ikonomi kwa City of London College. Fa a ne a le mo dingwageng tsa gagwe tsa bo20, o ne a sokologela mo Bokereseteng mme karolo e kgolo ya maboko a gagwe e ne e bua thata ka go sokologa ga gagwe le go nna Mojuta le Moesemane. Ka kakaretso, o ne a gatisa dibolumo di le tharo tsa maboko: Christ in the Synagogue (1930), Poems (1933), le The Homeward Journey and Other Poems (1946). Le fa gone a ne a sa itsiwe ke batho ba le bantsi, Aaronson o ne a nna le babadi ba le bantsi ba ba neng ba mo rata. Fa a sena go tlogela go ruta, o ne a fudugela kwa Harpenden, Hertfordshire, kwa a neng a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya go palelwa ke go dira sentle ga pelo le bolwetse jwa pelo ka 9 Sedimonthole 1966. Dipesalema tsa gagwe di ne di sa gatisiwe thata, mme o ne a tlogela maboko a le mantsi a a sa gatisiwang fa a ne a tlhokafala

Botshelo le tiro

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Aaronson o belegwe ka 24 Sedimonthole 1894[note 1] kwa 34 Great Pearl Street, Spitalfields kwa East End ya London go batsadi ba batlhoki ba Orthodox ba Bajuta ba ba neng ba fudugile go tswa Vilna kwa Pale of Settlement kwa Yuropa Botlhaba.[1][2]Rraagwe e ne e le Louis Aaronson, mothudi wa ditlhako, mme mmaagwe e ne e le Sarah Aaronson, yo o belegweng e le Kowalski. O ne a tsena sekolo sa Whitechapel City Boys' School mme morago a amogela tuelo ya go ya kwa Hackney Downs Grammar School.[3]

Rraagwe o ne a fudugela kwa New York ka 1905. Lelapa lotlhe le ne la sala morago ka 1912, kwantle ga Lazarus wa dingwaga tse 17 yo o neng a sala kwa Lontone. Go tloga ka nako eo, o ne a nna le lelapa la ga Joseph Posener kwa 292 Commercial Road kwa East End ya Lontone. Ka nako eo, lefelo leno e ne e le lefelo le Bajuda ba neng ba nna kwa go lone mme mo masimologong a lekgolo la bo20 la dingwaga, nngwetharong ya baagi ba lone e ne e le Bajuda ba ba tswang kwa Bogare le Botlhaba jwa Yuropa. Aaronson o goletse kwa East End, e ne e le karolo ya setlhopha sa ditsala tse gompieno di bidiwang Whitechapel Boys, botlhe e ne e le bana ba bafaladi ba Bajuta mme ba ne ba na le maikaelelo a a tshwanang a go kwala le go dira botaki.[4]Ba bangwe mo setlhopheng ba, jaaka Aaronson, moragonyana ba fitlheletseng pharologano e ne e le John Rodker, Isaac Rosenberg, Joseph Leftwich, Stephen Winsten, Clara Birnberg, David Bomberg, le bakaulengwe Abraham Fineberg le Joseph Fineberg.[5]Aaronson o ne gape a le mo go Young Socialist League, kwa ene le Whitechapel Boys ba bangwe ba neng ba thusa go rulaganya dikopano tsa thuto ka ga botaki jwa segompieno le dipolotiki tsa makgwakgwa. Aaronson o ne a sala e le mososhiale yo o ineetseng go fitlha a nna mogolo.[6]

E re ka Aaronson a ne a na le bolwetse jwa thiibi le jwa sukiri, ga a ka a tsenela bosole ka nako ya Ntwa ya Lefatshe ya Ntlha. Magareng ga 1913 le 1915, le gape magareng ga 1926 le 1928, o ne a ithuta economics ka go tsepamisa mogopolo mo botsamaising jwa setšhaba kwa London School of Economics, fela ga a ise a fetse degree ya gagwe.[7][8]

Aaronson o ne a nyalwa gararo. Mosadi wa gagwe wa ntlha e ne e le Lydia Sherwood (1906 -1989), yo a neng a nyetswe magareng ga 1924 le 1931.[9] O ne a kopa tlhalo ka ntlha ya boaka jwa gagwe le motlhami wa theatre Theodore Komisarjevsky, mme kgetse e e neng ya phasaladiwa thata e ne ya se ka ya sirelediwa. [10] [11]Lenyalo la gagwe la bobedi, le le diragetseng ka 9 Phukwi 1938, le Dorothy Beatrice Lewer (1915 -2005), le lone le ne la felela ka tlhalo. Ka 14 Ferikgong 1950, Aaronson o ne a nyala Margaret Olive Ireson (1920 -1981), yo a neng a nna le morwa a le mongwe, David, yo o neng a tsholwa ka 1953.

Go ditsala le ba lelapa, Lazarus Aaronson o ne a itsiwe jaaka Laz. [12] O ne a tsalana le mokwadi wa dibuka Stephen Hudson, mmetli Jacob Epstein, mogwebi wa media Sidney Bernstein, bataki Mark Gertler le Matthew Smith le baboki Harold Monro, Louis MacNeice le Samuel Beckett. Aaronson gape o ne a le gaufi le moitseanape wa tsa ikonomi Graham Hutton, yo ka 1952 a dirileng lenaneo la radio ka ga gagwe la BBC.

Mo e ka nnang ka 1934, o ne a simolola go dira jaaka motlhatlheledi wa tsa ikonomi kwa City of London College[13]. Fa a sena go tlogela yunibesiti ka 1958, Aaronson o ne a dirwa leloko la Order of the British Empire ka 1959 New Year Honours, go amogela dingwaga tse di fetang masome a mabedi le botlhano tsa tirelo. Ka one ngwaga oo o ne a fuduga le lelapa la gagwe go tswa kwa Lontone go ya kwa Harpenden kwa Hertfordshire, kwa a neng a tlhokafala teng ka ntlha ya bolwetse jwa pelo le go palelwa ke go dira sentle ga pelo ka 9 Sedimonthole 1966, a le dingwaga di le 71. O ne a fitlhwa kwa Westfield Road Cemetery kwa Harpenden. Mosadi wa gagwe le morwa wa gagwe yo monnye ba ne ba tshela morago ga gagwe.[14]

Poko

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Aaronson o ne a na le dikeletso tsa go kwala go tswa bonyaneng, mme ka 1914 o ne a kwala tiro ya gagwe ya ntlha mo makasineng wa bokwadi wa The New Age. Gantsi o ne a gatisiwa ka leina la L. Aaronson.[15]Ka bo1920, o ne a sokologela mo Bokereseteng. Pokello ya gagwe ya ntlha ya maboko, Christ in the Synagogue, e e gatisitsweng ke V. [16]Gollancz ka 1930, o ne a bua thata ka go sokologa ga gagwe le gore ke motho wa mofuta mang ka tsela ya semoya ka go bo e le Mojuda le ka go bo e le Moesemane. Kgang eno e ne e tla nna setlhogo se se boaboeletswang mo maboko a gagwe a mantsi a masaitsiweng. Christ in the Synagogue e fitlhile kwa bareetsing ba le mmalwa fela mme e amogetse ditlhatlhobo tse di kwa tlase ga lesome le bobedi, mme The Manchester Guardian, The Nation and Athenaeum, The Times Literary Supplement, le The New Age di kwadile sentle ka ga yone.[17]

Le fa Aaronson a ne a na le babadi ba le mmalwa, V. Gollancz o ne a gatisa buka ya bobedi ya maboko ka 1933, ya setlhogo se se reng Poems. Le fa a ne a sa itsiwe thata ke batho ba le bantsi, Aaronson o ne a nna le balatedi ba ba ineetseng.[18]Kgatiso ya gagwe ya boraro, The Homeward Journey and Other Poems, e ne ya phasaladiwa ka 1946 ke Christophers, mogatisi yo monnye wa kwa London.[19] Dingwe tsa ditiro tsa gagwe di ne tsa tlhagelela gape mo dimakasineng le mo dibukeng tsa anthologies tse di jaaka 1953 Faber Book of Twentieth Century Verse. [20]

E re ka maboko a ga Aaronson a sa bontshe go nna le diphetogo, porofesa wa dibuka e bong William Baker, o mo tlhalosa e le "Mokwadi wa morago ga motlha wa Georgia go na le wa segompieno".[21] Baker o tlhalosa gape gore maboko a ga Aaronson a bua ka dikgang di le mmalwa tsa nako ya gagwe, jaaka go tsoga ga bofasisi le Ntwa ya Bobedi ya Lefatshe, mme o supa gore Aaronson ga a kwala ka tlhamalalo ka ga Polao ya Kgailo.[22]Fa Aaronson a sena go tlhokafala, mmoki Arthur Chaim Jacobs o ne a mo bapisa le Isaac Rosenberg, mmoki yo o tumileng thata wa kokomana e e tshwanang ya Ba-Anglo-Jewish. Go ya ka Jacobs, Aaronson o ne a "tlhotlhelediwa thata ke ene ka tsela e a neng a bua ka yone, le ka tsela e a neng a bua ka yone e e neng e bonala mo dibukeng tsa gagwe tsa poko. Mme o ne a se bogale jaaka Rosenberg mo tirisong ya gagwe ya puo, mme o ne a rata bontle le botshe jaaka Keatsian".[23]Mmoki Jon Silkin le ene o ne a tshwantsha Aaronson le Rosenberg, a kwala gore "go ka se ka ga twe tiro ya gagwe e na le tlotlomalo e e tukang kgotsa boteng jwa poko ya ga Rosenberg, mme seno se ka tlhalosiwa gongwe ke ntlha ya gore Aaronson ga a tshwenyege gotlhelele ka go lemoga medi ya gagwe".[24]

Le fa bontsi jwa mekwalo ya ga Aaronson e ne e le ka ga go sokologela ga gagwe mo Bokereseteng, Jacobs o ne a supa maikutlo a a tswelelang a Sehebera mo maboko a gagwe, mme a kwala gore "Bokeresete jwa gagwe bo ne bo sa tlwaelane thata le Se-Anglican, mme go na le mo tirong ya gagwe maikutlo a a itsegeng a a ka tshwantshanngwang le a baboki ba segompieno ba Sehebera jaaka Tchernikowsky kgotsa Shneur, kgotsa moragonyana, Avraham Shlonsky".[25] Go ya ka tsala ya gagwe Joseph Leftwich, Aronson ka boene mo botsofeng jwa gagwe o ne a lemoga tlhotlheletso go tswa mo Bojudeng jwa setso le tlhaloso ya ga Martin Buber e e sa tlwaelegang ya Hasidism.[26]

Dikwalo tsa ga Aaronson di ne di sa phasaladiwa thata, mme o ne a tlogela dikwalo tse di fetang sekete tse di sa phasaladiwang fa a ne a tlhokafala.[27] Ga go na bakanoki ba le bantsi ba ba ileng ba ithuta ka botshelo jwa gagwe le maboko a gagwe. Morago ga loso lwa ga Aaronson, Jacobs o ne a re "Tlhatlhobo e nngwe gape ya tiro ya gagwe e emetse kgatiso e kgolo";[28]dingwaga tse di ka nnang 40 morago ga foo, Baker, yo o kwadileng thata ka ga Aaronson, o ne a mmitsa mongwe wa bakwadi le bataki ba Whitechapel ba ba botlhale "ba gompieno ba lebetsweng". [29]

Metswedi

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  1. ↑ (subscription or UK public library membership required)[1]
  2. ↑ Robson, Jeremy (1966). "A Survey of Anglo-Jewish Poetry". Jewish Quarterly. 14 (2): 5–23. doi:10.1080/0449010X.1966.10706502 (inactive 31 January 2024).[2]
  3. ↑ (subscription or UK public library membership required)[3]
  4. ↑ Dickson, Rachel; MacDougall, Sarah (2004). "The Whitechapel Boys". Jewish Quarterly. 51 (3): 29–34. doi:10.1080/0449010X.2004.10706848 (inactive 31 January 2024).[4]
  5. ↑ Patterson, Ian (2013). "John Rodker, Julius Ratner and Wyndham Lewis: The Split-Man Writes Back". In Gasiorek, Andrzej; Reeve-Tucker, Alice; Waddell, Nathan (eds.). Wyndham Lewis and the Cultures of Modernity. Ashgate. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-4094-7901-7.[5]
  6. ↑ Zilboorg, Caroline (2001). The Masks of Mary Renault: A Literary Biography. University of Missouri Press. pp. 67–70, 87. ISBN 978-0-8262-1322-8.[6]
  7. ↑ (subscription or UK public library membership required)
  8. ↑ Baker, William; Roberts Shumaker, Jeanette (2017). "Pioneers: E. O. Deutsch, B. L. Farjeon, Israel Gollancz, Leonard Merrick, and Lazarus Aaronson". The Literature of the Fox: A Reference and Critical Guide to Jewish Writing in the UK. AMS Studies in Modern Literature. AMS Press. pp. 21–30. ISBN 978-0-404-65531-0.[7]
  9. ↑ Rubinstein, William D., ed. (2011). "Aaronson, Lazarus Leonard". The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4039-3910-4.[8]
  10. ↑ "[In the Divorce Court, London, yesterday...]". The Glasgow Herald. 30 October 1931. p. 11.[9]
  11. ↑ Trilling, Ossia (28 April 1989). "Lydia Sherwood [obituary]". The Independent. p. 35.[10]
  12. ↑ (subscription or UK public library membership required)[11]
  13. ↑ (subscription or UK public library membership required)[12]
  14. ↑ (subscription or UK public library membership required)[13]
  15. ↑ (subscription or UK public library membership required)[14]
  16. ↑ Sutton, David (January 2015). "The Names of Modern British and Irish Literature" (PDF). Name Authority List of the Location Register of English Literary Manuscripts and Letters. University of Reading. p. 1. Retrieved 26 January 2015.[15]
  17. ↑ Extracts of the reviews are reprinted in
  18. ↑ Rubinstein, William D., ed. (2011). "Aaronson, Lazarus Leonard". The Palgrave Dictionary of Anglo-Jewish History. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 2. ISBN 978-1-4039-3910-4.[16]
  19. ↑ Berenbaum, Michael; Skolnik, Fred, eds. (2007). "Aaronson, Lazarus Leonard". Encyclopaedia Judaica. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Macmillan Reference. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-02-866097-4.[17]
  20. ↑ (subscription or UK public library membership required)[18]
  21. ↑ (subscription or UK public library membership required)[19]
  22. ↑ (subscription or UK public library membership required)[20]
  23. ↑ Jacobs, Arthur Chaim (1967). "Lazarus Aaronson: Two Unpublished Poems". Jewish Quarterly. 15 (1–2): 13. doi:10.1080/0449010X.1967.10703091 (inactive 31 January 2024).[21]
  24. ↑ Baker, William; Roberts Shumaker, Jeanette (2017). "Pioneers: E. O. Deutsch, B. L. Farjeon, Israel Gollancz, Leonard Merrick, and Lazarus Aaronson". The Literature of the Fox: A Reference and Critical Guide to Jewish Writing in the UK. AMS Studies in Modern Literature. AMS Press. pp. 21–30. ISBN 978-0-404-65531-0.[22]
  25. ↑ Jacobs, Arthur Chaim (1967). "Lazarus Aaronson: Two Unpublished Poems". Jewish Quarterly. 15 (1–2): 13. doi:10.1080/0449010X.1967.10703091 (inactive 31 January 2024).[23]
  26. ↑ Leftwich, Joseph (1959). "Hasidic Influences in Imaginative English Literature". Jewish Book Annual. 17: 3.[24]
  27. ↑ (subscription or UK public library membership required)[25]
  28. ↑ Jacobs, Arthur Chaim (1967). "Lazarus Aaronson: Two Unpublished Poems". Jewish Quarterly. 15 (1–2): 13. doi:10.1080/0449010X.1967.10703091 (inactive 31 January 2024).[26]
  29. ↑ Baker, William (July 2010). "Reviewed Work: Whitechapel at War: Isaac Rosenberg and his Circle by Sarah MacDougall, Rachel Dickinson". The Modern Language Review. 105 (3): 854. doi:10.1353/mlr.2010.0136. S2CID 246641456.[27]
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