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Phatlalatso ya metsi kwa Sierra Leone

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Phatlalatso ya metsi kwa Sierra Leone e laolwa ke tlhaelo ya metsi a a babalesegileng go nowa. Le ntswa puso le mekgatlho e le mentsi e ikemetseng ka nosi e lekile go fetola seemo, ga go a nna le phetogo epe fa e sale ntwa ya selegae ya kwa Sierra Leone e fela ka ngwaga wa 2002, 50% ke yone fela e santseng e kgona go bona metsi mme ebile palo e e wela tlase kwa magaeng.[1] Kwa toropokgolo Freetown, dipompo gantsi di nna di kgadile. Go solofelwa gore letamo le le ntsha kwa Orugu, le lefatshe la China le ikaeletseng go le ntshetsa madi ka ngwaga wa 2009, le tla tokafatsa seemo sa tlhaelo ya metsi.[2]


Ka molao o mosha wa go anamisa ditirelo go na le go di kgobokanya mo toropong fela wa Local Government Act wa 2004, maikarebelo a go phatlalatsa metsi kwa mafelong a kwa ntle ga toropokgolo a ne a fitisiwa go tswa mo central government go ya khanseleng. Kwa Freetown, kompone ya Guma Valley Water ke yone e tshwereng tiro ya go phatlhalatsa metsi.


Pego ya ngwaga wa 2005 e supa fa tshenyetso sechaba e le kwa godimo thata mo mohameng o. E tswelela ka go supa gore go na le tlhaelo ya go tshephana ga mekgatlho e e ikemetseng ka nosi le kompone ya metsi ya Salwaco ka ba ba ikemetseng (NGO's) bare e a belaetsa.[3]

Kgonagalo ya go bona metsi

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Go ya ka dipalo ste di ntshitsweng ke ba JMP ka ngwaga wa 2017, 58% ya batho e kgona go bona metsi[4] fa 15% ba kgona go bona tirelo ya kgopo ya leswe.[4] Le fa go ntse jalo, go akanyetsa palo ya batho ba ba kgonang go bona metsi a babalesegileng go nowa mo lefatsheng le le tlhabologang, ga se tiro e e motlhofo. Ka boleng jwa metsi bo sa tlholwe kgapetsakgapetsa go tlhola seemo sa one, ga gona tshedimosetso e e tshephegang ka pabalesego ya metsi a a nowang. Ditlhotlhomiso tsa matlo tsa lefatshe ka bophara gantsi di botsa dipotso ka mofuta wa motswedi wa metsi o o dirisiwang. Kgokelo ya ntlo, ya lolwapa, pompo e e mo jarateng le e e pompiwang ka lebogo tse di bokgakala jwa khilomithara e le nngwe di supiwa e le metswedi e e tlhabolotsweng. Didiba tse di bulegileng, megobe e e sa sirelediwang, dinoka, macha le makadiba ga di supiwe ele metswedi e e tlhabolotsweng. [5][1]


Kwa Sierra Leone, go ya ka tlhotlhomiso ya lefatshe ya Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey e e dirilweng ka ngwaga wa 2006, 84% ya batho ba ba nnang kwa toropong le 32% ya ba ba nnang kwa magaeng ba kgona go bona metsi go tswa mo metsweding e e tlhabolotsweng. Ba ba bonang metsi mo magaeng ba nosiwa ke didiba tse di sireleditsweng. 68% ya batho ba ba nnang mo magaeng ba sa kgone go bona metsi mo metsweding e e tlhabolotsweng ba ikaegile ka metsi a a fa fatshe, 9% e ikaegile ka didiba tse di sa sirelediwang, fa 9% e ikaegile ka megobe e e sa sirelediwang.

20% ya batho ba ba nnang mo toropong le 1% ya ba magae ba kgona go bona metsi ka diphaepe tse di goketsweng mo malwapeng a bone. Ka ditlhotlhomiso tsa mo malwapeng di sa tshwarwe ngwaga le ngwaga, tshedimosetso e e diragetseng mo bogautshwaneng go gaisa ya 2006 e ne e seo ka kgwedi ya Mopitlo ngwaga wa 2010. Fa go tshwantshwanngwa le tlhotlhomiso ya 2000, ponalo ya metsi e tokafetse mo ditoropong mme e ile tlase mo magaeng ka didirisiwa di senyegile ka go sena o o di tlhokomelang a bo a di tlhabolola.[5][1]


Go nna teng ga motswedi o o tokafaditsweng ga go reye gore metsi a nna a le teng ka dinako tsotlhe.[5][1] Sekai, kwa Freetown dipompo di ne di kgala bontsi jwa nako ka ngwaga wa 2009. Batho ba ne ba gelela metsi ka dikupu le diemere ko ba neng ba kgona go a bona teng mme ba ba kgonang go tsenya ditanka tsa metsi mo malwapeng ba ne ba dira jalo. Le kompone e e timang moleleo e ene e dirisa diteraka tsa yone go rekisa metsi. Go ne go le dintwa tse di kgonang go felela ka loso lwa mongwe gareng ga batho ba ba timang molelo le babereki ba Guma Water Company ba ba phatlalatsang metsi kwa Freetown.[6]

Metswedi ya metsi

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Sierra Leone o segofaditswe ka metswedi e mentsi ya metsi go akaretsa dinoka tse supa: Kolente, Kaba, Rokel, Pampana (Jong), Sewa, Moa le Mano. Go na le metswedi e mentsi kwa tlase ga lefatshe, Le fa go ntse jalo, metsi ga a bonwe motlhofo ka paka e e omeletseng: lesome le motso go ya kwa lesome le bosupa jwa diphesente jwa go tshela ga noka go diragala gareng ga dikgwedi tsa Morule le Moranang, mme e tshela bonnye ka Moranang. [7] Sekai sa Freetown. Motswedi wa metsi a diphaepe kwa dikgaolong tsa Freetown, toropokgolo e e nang le batho ba ka nna di milione di le pedi, ke letamo la Guma le kwa Western Area Forest Reserve. Le ntsha dilithara tsa metsi di le 83 million ka letsatsi go tswa kwa botlhaba jwa toropo kwa batho ba bantsi ba ba humilen ba nnang teng. Letamo le lesha la Orugu le tla ntsha 75 milion o mongwe gape wa dilithara ka letsatsi mo tshimologong ya lone, le tsena toropo go tswa kwa botlhaba kwa ba itsholelo e e kwa tlase ba nnang teng. Go ya ka patlisiso ya ba Atkins le Oxfam, letamo le ke lone karabo ya seemo se se ngomolang pelo sa tlhaelo ya metsi kwa Freetown.[6] Ka ngwaga wa 2009, puso ya lefatshe la China e na ya bolela fa e tla adimisa lefatshe la Sierra Leone madi a a kanang ka $28.8 million go aga letamo le.[2]

Ditso

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Ditso pele ga ntwa. Ka dingwaga tsa 1980 di santse di simologa, go ne go na le magokanyane a le masome a marataro le bone fela a nosa batho ba le dikete di le masome a mararo go tswa mo palong ya batho ba le di milione di le tharo. Kwa magaeng, kwa 78% ya batho e neng e nna teng, phatlalatso ya metsi e ne ya oketsega go tswa kwa 10% go tsena ka 45% ka dingwaga tsa 1980 ka go tsenngwa ga dipompo tsa letsogo.[8]


Patlisiso e e tlhakanetsweng ke ba WHO le World Bank e na ya gakolola gore go simolodisiwe lenaneo la go busetsa ditshenyegelo le go agiwa ga kompone ya metsi ya lefatshe. Ka jalo molao o ne wa simololwa ka ngwaga wa 1988 o o neng o itsise ka lenaneo la go busetsa ditshenyegelo le go simolodisa kompone ya Sierra Leone Water Company (Salwaco). Ditlhwatlhwa tsa metsi di ne tsa simololwa mo ditoropong di sa itebaganya le badirisi ba metsi mo gae le gore ba dirisa metsi a le kae, e le fela tsa dikompone tsa sechaba, dimithara di ne tsa tsenngwa mme ga simolola mokwalo wa dituelo.


Ntwa ya Selegae (1991 - 2002). Ntwa ya selegae ya Sierra Leone e e simologileng ka ngwaga wa 1991, mme ya tswelela ka 1996 go fitlha ka 1998 mme ya fela ka 2002, e ne ya busetsa lefatshe kwa morago thata. Batho ba feta dikete di le masome a matlhano ba ne ba bolawa, ba le bantsi ba gobadiwa ga di milione tse pedi le botlhano tsa batho ba ne ba nna batshabi mo lefatsheng leo le kwa ntle ga lone.


Morago ga ntwa. Poelo ya kagiso le go abelwa madi ke ba mafatshe a sele go ne ga seka ga letla fela kgodiso ya peeletso mo go phatlalatseng metsi, mme go ne ga simolodisa le dikgogakgogano ka diphetogo tsa mohama o. Sekai, go simolodisiwa ga mokgatlho wa batho ba ba okamelang koketsego ya ditlhwatlhwa go ne ga umakiwa. Go tsaya karolo ga ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi mo phatlalatsong ya metsi kwa Freetown le gone go beilwe pele. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ya ka ngwaga wa 2007, ga gona epe ya dikakanyetso tse e e simolodisitsweng.[9] Ka ngwaga wa 2003, kompone ya Guma Valley Water Company e e isang metsi kwa Freetown e ne ya itemogela tatlhegelo ya US$1.5M. Kompone e ne ya kgobokanya 28% fela wa dituelo go tswa kwa bathong. Koketsego ya ditlhwatlhwa ka ngwaga wa 2005 ga ya ka ya lekana go rarabolola mathata a madi a Guma. [10]

Maikarebelo a phatlhalatso ya metsi

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Melao le ditaolo

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Lephata la tsa metsi, ka lekalana la lone la phatlhalatso ya metsi, le tsere boikarabelo jwa go baya melawana ya go phatlalatsa metsi mo pusong. Fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2007, tona ke Ogunlade Davidson. Ka Lwetse ngwaga wa 2008, puso e ne ya tsenya mo tirisong molao wa lefatshe wa metsi le kgopo leswe (National Water and Sanitation policy).[5]

Metswedi

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 "Estimates for the use of Improved Drinking-Water Sources" (PDF). Sierra Leone: WHO / UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation. March 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 December 2011.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 OOSKA News: China Lends $28.8 Million USD to Sierra Leone for Orugu Dam, 15 June 2009
  3. ↑ Tearfund and Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council (2005). "Making every drop count: Financing water, sanitation and hygiene in Sierra Leone" (PDF). pp. 12–14. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 WASHwatch [url=https://washwatch.org/en/countries/sierra-leone/summary/]
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 5.3 Nataliya Pushak; Vivien Foster (June 2011). "Sierra Leone's Infrastructure. A Continental Perspective" (PDF). Policy Research Working Paper 571. World Bank. pp. 31–35. Retrieved 6 August 2011.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Roland Marke:Water Crisis Threatens Survival in Freetown, Op-Ed in Worldpress.org, June 14, 2009
  7. ↑ FAO (Content Source);Jim Kundell (Topic Editor) "Water profile of Sierra Leone". In: Encyclopedia of Earth. Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First published in the Encyclopedia of Earth April 7, 2008; Last revised Date April 7, 2008; Retrieved April 4, 2011
  8. ↑ Sierra Leone Water Company: Water resource management in Sierra Leone, in: Freshwater Future. Addressing global freshwater challenges beyond 2003, designated the International Year of Freshwater by the United Nations, 2003, p. 158-159
  9. ↑ United Nations Economic Commission for Africa Water Supply and Sanitation Policy for Sierra Leone, 2007
  10. ↑ Mike Butscher :Freetown at a crossroads: Guma Valley Water is responsible for supplying Freetown and is listed for privatisation, African Review of Business and Technology, April, 2005
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