Phatlalatso ya metsi le kgopo leswe mo kgaolong ya Sub-Saharan Africa

Phatlalatso ya metsi le kgopo leswe mo kgaolong ya Sub-Saharan Africa
Rubbish on the pavement of the road in Ghana

Le fa go bona metsi le kgopo leswe mo kgaolong ya Sub-Saharan Africa go ntse go tokafala ka bonya mo dingwageng tse di masome a mabedi tse di fetileng, kgaolo e santse e saletse kwa morago fa e tshwantshangwa le dikgaolo tse dingwe tse di santseng di tlhabologa. Go bona metsi mo go tlhabolotsweng go oketsegile go tswa kwa go 49% ka 1990 go ya kwa go 68% ka 2015, fa go bona kgopo leswe e e tlhabolotsweng gone go oketsegile fela go tswa kwa go 28% go ya kwa go 31% mo nakong e e tshwanang. Kgaolo ya Sub-Saharan Africa ga ya kgona go fitlhelela seelo sa Millennium Development Goals (MDG's, 1990 - 2015) sa go kgona go fa sephatlo sa palo ya batho metsi a a babalesegileng le kgopo leswe ka dingwaga tsa 1990 go tsena ka 2015. Go santse go na le tlhoka tekatekanyo mo mafatsheng a a mo Sub-Saharan Africa, le gareng ga ditoropo le magae. Di MDG di beile seelo sa mafatshefatshe sa go fokotsa phatlalatso metsi le kgopo leswe e esa tlhomamang mme jaanong dieelo tse dintsha di teng ka fa tlase ga Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs, 2016 - 2030.) Di MDG di ne tsa rebola gore fokodiwa palo ya batho ba aba sa boneng metsi le kgopo leswe ka sephatlo, fa SDG tsone di re batho lefatshe ka bophara ba kgone go bona dithuso tseo, go fokodiwa tlhoka tekatekano, gape go akarediwe bophepa fa godimo ga metsi le kgopo leswe. Sustainable Development Goal SDG6 e itebagantse le go netafatsa gore metsi a nna teng ka dinako tsotlhe le baokamedi ba ba maleba mo go tsa metsi le kgopo leswe.

Gantsi metsi a phatlaladiwa ke maphata a metsi kwa ditoropong le bommasepala kana ditlhopha tsa sechaba kwa magaeng. Mafarafatlha a kgopo leswe ga a tlwaelesega, go tlhatswa metsi a a leswe gone ga go a tlwaelesega le go gaisa. Kgopo leswe gantsi e dirwa mo matlong a boithomelo a batho ka bongwe ka bongwe kgotsa mo go a a tlhakanetsweng. 70% ya dipeeletso mo phatlalatsong ya metsi le kgopo leswe mo Sub-Saharan Africa di dirwa mo kgaolong, fa 30% a dirwa go tswa kwa ntle ga kgaolo (2001 - 2005 e le palogare). Bontsi jwa madi a atswang mo kgaolong ke madi a malwapa ($2.1bn), a eleng a go gopa leswe mo matlong a boithomelo. Dipeeletso go tswa mo pusong ($1.2bn) a lekana le a a tswang kwa ntle (US$1.4bn). Seabe sa maphata a a ikemetseng ka nosi ga se bonale thata ka ke $10 million fela.

Kgonagalo ya go bona metsi

Mekgwa ka kakaretso

Phatlalatso ya metsi le kgopo leswe mo kgaolong ya Sub-Saharan Africa
A map of sub-saharan Africa.

Mo Sub-Saharan Africa phatlalatso ya metsi le kgopo leswe e tokafetse, mme kgaolo e santse e saletse kwa morago fa e tshwantshanngwa le dikgaolo tse dingwe tse di santseng di tlhabologa: kgonagalo ya go bona metsi e oketsegile o tswa kwa go 49% ka 1990 go ya kwa go 60% ka 2008, fa mo nakong e e tshwanang kgonagalo ya go bona kgopo leswe e oketsegile fela go tswa kwa go 28% go ya kwa go 31%. Kgaolo ya Sub-Saharan Africa ga ya kgona go fitlhelela seelo sa Millennium Development Goals sa go kgona go fa sephatlo sa palo ya batho metsi a a babalesegileng le kgopo leswe ka dingwaga tsa 1990 go tsena ka 2015. Mekgwa e e bonwang mo phatlalatsong ya metsi le kgopo leswe e bonagala mo go tsa botsogo: tatlhegelo ya matshelo mo baneng ba dingwaga tse di kwa tlase ga botlhano e fokotsegile lefathe ka bophara, mme Sub-Saharan Africa e tsamaya ka iketlo go gaise dikgaolo tse dingwe. Dieelo tse disha tse di beilweng ke Sustainable Development Goals e tla tsisa pego e e ikemetseng ka nosi ya metsi a a nowang le kgopo leswe fa e tshwantshanngwa le seelo sa MDG. Ka jalo dieelo tsa metsi a a babalesegileng go nowa e bile a sa tlhwatlhwa e e kwa godimo (seelo 6.1) le kgopo leswe le bophepa (seelo 6.2) di ikemetse jalo mo pegong. SDG di akareditse dipego tsa bophepa, tse di neng di seo mo MDG.

Phatlalatso ya metsi le kgopo leswe mo kgaolong ya Sub-Saharan Africa
Access to improved water supply and sanitation, in 7 Sub-Saharan countries, from 1990 until 2008. Source: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (2010)

Dipharologano tsa mafatshe

Go na le tlhoka tekatekano e kgolo gareng ga mafatshe a a mo kgaolong ya Sub- Saharan Aforika. Kgonagalo ya go bona metsi a a nowang a a babalesegileng e farologana go tswa kwa go 38% kwa Ethiopia go ya kwa go 91% kwa Aforika Borwa, fa go bona kgopo leswe e e tokafaditsweng go tswa kwa go 11% kwa Burkina Faso go ya kwa go 77% kwa Aforika Borwa. Seemo sa kwa Ivory Coast se botoka thata ka kgonagalo ya go bona metsi a a botoka le kwa go 82%.

Dipharologano tsa ditoropo le magae

Mo kgaolong ya Sub-Sahara ka bophara, phatlalatso ya metsi le kgopo leswe mo ditoropong e feta ya kwa magaeng gabedi (83% wa metsi kwa ditoropong le 47% kwa magaeng) mme kgopo leswe yone e le (44% le 24% mo mafelong ao). Mme magae a tokafala ka bofefo, fa kwa ditoropong go atolosiwa ga didirisiwa le dikago tsa phatlalatso ya metsi le kgopo leswe go sa kgone go diragalo ka lobelo lo palo ya batho e golang ka lone.

Ditlhaloso tse di farologaneng tsa kgonagalo ya go bona metsi

Tshwaelo ya gore go 'bona' metsi le 'a a 'tokafaditsweng' e papametse. Ditlhaloso tse di dirisiwang ke ba WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation ga di tshwane le tsa ditlhotlhomiso kgotsa melao e mengwe. Puso ya lefatshe la Burkina Faso, fa re fa sekai, e lebelela dintlha tse di tshwanang le nako ya go leta le boleng jwa metsi. Sephatlo sa malwapa a a mo Sub-Sahara a a nang le metsi a a tokafaditsweng go ya ka WHO/UNICEF, ba tsaya sebaka se se fetang oura ka letsatsi ba gelela metsi. Le fa tatlhegelo e ya nako go buiwa ka yone mo pegong ya WHO/UNICEF, ga e ame pharologanyo ya "a a tlhabolotsweng" le a a sa tlhabololwang" ya bone.

Batsaakarolo mo phatlalatsong ya metsi le kgopo leswe

Fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa 1990, mafatshe a a mo Aforika ka bontsi a ntse a arologanya dinonofo tsa sepolotiki ka go di ntsha mo legareng go di isa kwa baeteledipeleng ba mo gae: