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Sediba

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Go epa sediba

Sediba ke lehuti le lesesane le le epilweng mo lefatsheng, le epiwa go ya kwa tlase kgotsa go ya mo ditlhakoreng. Sediba se ka agelwa ditiriso tse di farologaneng, di akaretsa go gogiwa ga metsi, dilo tse dingwe (jaaka lookwane), kgotsa di gase. E ka nna bontlha jwa patlisiso ya maranyane a lefatshe, go sekaseka tikologo, go batla ditswammung, go meta mogote, e le lehuti la go tsenya didirisiwa le diphaepe kwa tlase ga lefatshe, kgotsa go baya tse di sa batliweng ka fa tlase ga lefatshe, sekai, mo go beyeng khabone.

Botlhokwa

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ba botegeniki le baitseanape ba tikologo ba dirisa lefoko sediba go tlhalosa mafuti otlhe a a epetsweng go batlisisa ka tsa lefatshe kgotsa a epetswe go sekaseka tikologo. Se se akaretsa mafuti a a epetsweng go tlhatlhoba mmu kgotsa majwe, go tokafatsa didirisiwa kgotsa go dira didiba tse di dirisediwang go ela tlhoko. Mmu o o tsewang mo didibeng o tlhatlhobiwa mo labong go ela tlhoko gore e ntse jang. kgotsa go sekaseka seelo sa dilabe le tse di mo mmung.

Go epa sediba

Gantsi, sediba se se dirisediwang go baya metsi se felelediwa ka go tsenya phaephe e e yang kwa godimo go itsa sediba go nwela. Se se thusa gape go thibela dilabe go leswefatsa sediba le go sireletsa dipompo tse di tsentsweng go tsenya motlhaba mo metsing. Didiba tsa lookwane le gase di felelediwa ka tsela e e tshwanang mme e raraane go gaisa.

Jaaka go tlhalositswe mo dithutong tsa seemo sa loapi sa pele, selekanyetso sa bothito jwa sediba mo botengnyeng jo bo farologaneng se ka thulamisiwa go thusa go akanyetsa bothito jwa lefatshe mo ditsong.

Mosadi kwa Uganda o ga metsi mo sedibeng

Didiba di le mmalwa tse dipotlana tse di tsentsweng diphaepe tsa polaseteke tse di laolang bothito di ka dirisiwa go baya bothito kgotsa botsididi ka dipaka tse di farologaneng. Go dira jaana go bidiwa go baya kgothetso ya paka. Didirisiwa tse di ka dirisediwang se di simolola ka lokgarapa go tsena kwa matlapeng a a ikadileng. Go ka nna le didiba di le mmalwa go tsena di le lekgolo, di le boteng jo bo tswang kwa masomeng a matlhano go tsena makgolo a le mararo a di mmithara.[1][2]

Ditso

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Sediba se se epilweng kwa Ghana; sediba se ga se bonale
Sediba sa metsi se se kwa Enyelane kwa Albury

Go epa didiba go tswa go o lowe. Ka nako ya bogosi jwa Han (dingwaga di le makgolo a mabedi le bobedi pele ga Keresete go tsena di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mabedi morago ga loso lwa ga Keresete), ba lotso lwa China ba ne ba dirisa go epa didiba go dira meepo le tse dingwe. Moitseanape wa ditso le tshireletso ya tsone wa kwa Britain Michael Loewe a re mafelo a didiba a ka nna boteng jwa di mithara di le makgolo a marartaro.[3] K. S Tom o tlhalosa mokgwa wa go epa: "Mokgwa wa ma China wa go epela kwa teng o ne wa kgonwa ke setlhopha sa banna ba tlolela mo godimo ga mosipuri gangwe le gape go oketsa lefuti fa kepu e ne e tsamaisiwa ke dinare le dipoo".[4] Mothale o ke one o o neng o dirisiwa go epa lookwane kwa California ka dingwaga tsa 1860.[4][5] Go ne go na le meepo e e boteng jwa dimithara di le lekgolo gaufi le madirelo a tshipi ya boronse ya bogosi jwa Han kwa bophirima a a neng a bonwa kwa Xinglong, Hebei; mekgatšha e le dikamore di ne di feletse ka di lere, didirisiwa tsa tshipi le logong.[6][7] Ka lekgolo la ntlha la dingwaga pele ga ga Keresete, babetli ba China ba ne ba dira dikepu tsa tshipi ba kgona go epa didiba tse di boteng jwa di mithara di le sekete, le makgolo a matlhano.[8][9][10] Ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le motso morago ga loso lwa ga Keresete, batho ba kwa China ba ne ba kgona go epa didiba tse di boteng jwa di mithara di le makgolo a robabongwe. Go epa didiba go ne go tsaya nako ebile go le go leele. Ka boteng jwa didiba bo ne bo farologana, go epa sediba se le sengwe go ne go kgona go tsaya dingwaga di le lesome.[4] Ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe, ke gone fela ba Yuropa ba neng ba simolola go kgona go padisana le ba China mo tirisong ya maranyane go epa didiba.[10][5]

Mo dingwageng di le dintsi, sediba se se neng se le seleele go gaisa mo lefatsheng ka bophara e ne e ele sa Kola kwa Russia. Go tswa ka Phatwe 2011 go tsena Phatwe 2012 seelo se se ne se tshegeditswe ke sediba sa Sakhalin se se dimithara di le dikete di le lesome le bobedi, makgolo a mararo, masome a mane le botlhano kwa lotshitshing lwa setlhaketlhake sa Sakhalin kwa Russia.[11] Sediba sa Chayvo Z-44 se se neng se okeditswe se ne sa nna sone se se mo maemong a sediba se se boteng ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi le bosupa ngwaga wa 2012. Boteng jwa Z-44 ke dimithara di le dikete tse di lesome le bobedi, makgolo a mararo, masome a supa le borataro. Le fa go ntse jalo, didiba tsa ERD di boteng go gisa sediba sa Kola, ka di le sephara. K a Phukwi 2023, lefatshe la China le ne la simolola go epa didba tse di boteng, se sengwe se le kwa kgampung ya Sichuan se solofetswe go nna dimithara di le dikete di le lesome, makgolo a matlhano le masome a mabedi se sengwe se le kwa kgampung ya Tarim se le boteng kwa di mithara di le dikete di le lesome le motso, le lekgolo.[12][13]

Mekgwa

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ba ba epang ba ka nwetsa sediba ba dirisa motšshine o o epang kgotsa sedirisa sa seatla. Didirisiwa le methale ya go oketsa sediba di a farologana go ya ka o o di dirileng, diemo tsa lefatshe le tiriso. Go epa mo lotshitshing, go dirisiwa didirisiwa tse di kokobalang kgotsa dirala tse di engweng nokeng ke lefatshe la lewatle.

Go epa ka seatla

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Ba ba epang sediba ba epa sediba ka mabogo

Bontsi jwa didiba bogolo jang mo mafatsheng a a santseng a tlhabologa di epiwa ka seatla. Go epa go simolola ka go dirisa didirisiwa tse e seng tsa sepe di tshwana le dikepu, dipeke le digarawe. Babereki ba epa mmu seele ka seelo, gantsi ba dira jalo ba dikologa gore lefuti le bopege sentle. Mokgwa o o bonya ebile o a lapisa, o tlhoka tirisano mmogo le go bereka ka setlhopha. Go thibela lebotana go wela le go netefatsa tlhwatlhwa ya metsi, sediba se agelelwa ka ditena, matlapa kgotsa lokgarapana. Kgagamatso e, e netefatsa go itsetsepela ga sediba gape go thusa go thibela go leswefatsa metsi. Serala sa lokgarapana se ka tsenngwa kwa tlase go itsa mmu go tsena mo metsing. Kwa goimo sediba se a khurumelwa go itsa dilabe le go kgotlhelwa ga metsi.[14]

Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  • Sediba sa Adkam kwa Pennyslvania
  • Motšhine o o kgaolang diphaepe

Metswedi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. ↑ Hellström G. (2008). Large-Scale Applications of Ground-Source Heat Pumps in Sweden. IEA HP Annex 29 Workshop, Zurich, May 19, 2008.
  2. ↑ Stiles, Lynn (June 1998). "Underground thermal energy storage in the US". IEA Heat Pump Centre Newsletter. 16 (2): 22–23.
  3. ↑ Loewe (1968), 194.
  4. 1 2 3 Tom (1989), 103.
  5. 1 2 Hobson, John M. (2004). The Eastern Origins of Western Civilisation. Cambridge University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0521547246.
  6. ↑ Loewe (1968), 191.
  7. ↑ Wang (1982), 105.
  8. ↑ Hossain, M. E.; Abdullah Al-Majed, Abdulaziz (2015). Fundamentals of Sustainable Drilling Engineering. Wiley-Scrivener (published March 2, 2015). ISBN 978-0470878170.
  9. ↑ Rezende, Lisa (2007). Chronology of Science. Checkmark Books (published April 1, 2007). pp. 40. ISBN 978-0816071197.
  10. 1 2 Conner, Clifford D. (2005). A People's History of Science: Miners, Midwives, and Low Mechanicks. Nation Books. pp. 175. ISBN 978-1560257486.
  11. ↑ Sakhalin-1 Project Drills World's Longest Extended-Reach Well Archived 2011-01-31 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ↑ Lau, Chris (2023-07-21). "China is drilling some of the world's deepest holes in hunt for natural resources". CNN. Retrieved 2026-06-05
  13. ↑ "China is drilling some of the deepest holes in hunt for natural resources". www.9news.com.au. 2023-07-23. Retrieved 2026-06-05
  14. ↑ "Transformative Borehole Drilling Projects: Empowering Carbon Credit Initiatives - 2050 Paris |". 2023-08-01. Retrieved 2026-06-05
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