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Sin

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sesupa sa gore Jeso o tla atlhola batho ka melato ya bona

Mo tsamaisong ya sedumedi, boleo ke go tlola molao wa Modimo kgotsa molao wa medimo.[1]Setso sengwe le sengwe se na le tsela ya sone ya go tlhalosa gore go dira boleo go kaya eng. Le mororo gantsi maleo a tsewa e le ditiro, kakanyo, lefoko, kana tiro epe fela e e tsewang e le ya boitsholo jo bo sa siamang, ya bopelotshetlha, e e tlhabisang ditlhong, e e kotsi, kana e e sa siamang e ka bidiwa "boleo".[2]

Tlhaloso

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Go tswa go maina a ga gare a sekgowa sinne, synne, sunne, zen, go tswa go Old English synn ("sin"), go tswa go Proto-West Germanic *sunnju, go tswa go Proto-Germanic *sunjō ('truth', 'excuse') le *sundī, *sundijō ("sin"), go tswa go Proto-Indo-European *h1s-ónt-ih2, go tswa go *h1sónts ("go nna, boammaaruri", go kaya katlholo ya "go nna molato tota" kgatlhanong le tatofatso kgotsa molato), go tswa go *h1es- ("go nna"); bapisa Old English sōþō ("boammaaruri"; bona sooth). E na le matute a le mabedi.

Bahá'í

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ba-Bahá'í ba tsaya batho ba le molemo ka tlholego, e le dibopiwa tsa semoya. Batho ba bopilwe ka ntlha ya lorato lo logolo lo Modimo a re ratang ka lone. Lefa go ntse jalo, dithuto tsa Ba-Bahá'í di tshwantsha pelo ya motho le seipone, seo, fa se ka faposiwa mo leseding la letsatsi (ke gore, se se sa bonaleng sentle, se se sa bonaleng sentle). Modimo), ga a kgone go amogela lorato lwa Modimo. Motho a ka gatela pele semoyeng fela fa a retologela kwa Modimong. Ka tsela eno, "go leofa" ke go latela ditshekamelo tsa motho tsa tlholego e e kwa tlase, go faposa seipone sa pelo ya motho mo Modimong. Nngwe ya dikgoreletsi tse dikgolo mo kgolong ya semoya ke kgopolo ya Ba-Bahá'í ya gore "motho o batla go nna a le nosi" e e leng tshekamelo ya go ikakanyetsa a le nosi e e leng mo bathong botlhe. Ba-Bahá'í ba tlhalosa seno e le bokao jwa mmatota jwa ga Satane, yo gantsi mo Dikwalong tsa Ba-Bahá'í a bidiwang "Yo o Bosula".

Itiseng, ka gonne Diabolo o laletse go lo tshwara ka serai. Ikemeleng kgatlhanong le maano a gagwe a a bosula, mme, lo kaelwa ke lesedi la leina la Modimo yo o Bonang Sengwe le Sengwe, lo tswe mo lefifing le le lo dikologileng. -Bahá'u'lláh

Botho jono jo bo kwa tlase mo bathong bo tshwantshediwa ke Satane - e leng boithati jo bo bosula jo bo mo teng ga rona, e seng botho jo bo bosula jo bo ka kwa ntle. 'Abdu'l-Bahá

Buddhism

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Babuda ba na le dikgopolo di sekae tse di farologaneng ka boleo. Mokwadi wa Zen wa kwa Amerika Brad Warner o bolela gore mo Bobudding ga go na kgopolo ya boleo gotlhelele.[3][4] Mokgatlho wa Thuto wa Buddha Dharma le one o bolela ka tlhamalalo gore "Kgopolo ya boleo kgotsa boleo jwa ntlha ga e na lefelo mo Bobudding".[5]

Moitseanape wa ditso e bong Christoph von Fürer-Haimendorf o ne a tlhalosa jaana, "Mo tseleng ya go akanya ya Babuda, lobopo lotlhe, batho mmogo le medimo, ba laolwa ke molao. Tiro nngwe le nngwe, e ka tswa e le molemo kana e le bosula, e na le matswela a e sa kgoneng go a tila le a a itiragalelang fela mo moleng o moleele wa dilo tse di e bakang, matswela a a sa laolweng ke thato ya modimo ope. Le mororo seno se ka nna sa se ka sa dira gore go nne le kgopolo ya 'boleo' ka kgopolo ya gore ke tiro ya go gwetlha taolo ya modimo mongwe, Babuda ba bua ka 'boleo' fa ba bua ka go tlola molao wa boitsholo wa lefatshe lotlhe". [6]

Le fa go ntse jalo, Anantarika-kamma mo Theravada Buddhism ke tlolomolao e e maswe, e e tlisang masetlapelo ka tshoganyetso ka thulaganyo ya karmic.[7] Mo Mahayana Buddhism melato e metlhano e bidiwa pañcānantarya (Pāli), mme e umakiwa mo go The Sutra e e rerilweng ke Buddha ka go nyelediwa ga Dharma ka botlalo,[8] Melato e metlhano kgotsa maleo ke:[9]

  1. Go gobatsa Buddha
  2. Go bolaya Arhat
  3. Go baka kgaogano mo mokgatlhong wa Sangha
  4. Go bolaya bommè
  5. Go bolaya borre

Christianity

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Hamartiology

adam le eve

Thuto ya boleo e botlhokwa thata mo Bokereseteng, ka gonne molaetsa wa yone wa motheo ke ka ga thekololo mo go Keresete.[10] Christian hamartiology e tlhalosa boleo jaaka tiro ya go kgopisa Modimo ka go nyatsa batho ba gagwe le molao wa Baebele wa Sekeresete, le ka go gobatsa ba bangwe.[11] Go ya ka pono ya Bokeresete ke tiro e e bosula ya motho, e e tlolang tlholego e e utlwalang ya motho mmogo le tlholego ya Modimo le molao wa gagwe o o sa khutleng. Go ya ka tlhaloso ya bogologolo ya St. Augustine wa Hippo o tlhalosa boleo e le "lefoko, tiro, kgotsa keletso e e kgatlhanong le molao wa Modimo wa bosakhutleng".[12][13]Ka jalo, boleo bo tlhoka thekololo, setshwantsho se se supang tetlanyo, e mo go yone loso lwa ga Jesu e leng tlhwatlhwa e e duetsweng go golola ba ba ikanyegang mo bokgobeng jwa boleo.[14] Mo mefuteng mengwe ya Bokeresete, gape go tlhoka gore go duelwe (bona boikwatlhao).

Mo bakanoking bangwe, boleo bo tlhaloganngwa thata jaaka tlolo ya molao kgotsa go tlola konteraka ya ditsamaiso tsa filosofi tse di sa patelesegeng le pono ya maitsholo a Sekeresete, mme ka jalo poloko e lejwa ka mabaka a semolao. Bakanoki ba bangwe ba Sekeresete ba tlhaloganya gore boleo bo amana thata le go latlhegelwa ke lorato lwa Modimo wa Sekeresete le go godisiwa ga lorato lwa go ithata ("go nna pelotshetlha", ka tlhaloganyo e), jaaka go ne ga buiwa moragonyana ke Augustine mo ngangisanong ya gagwe le Ba-Pelagian.[15] Jaaka tlhaloso ya semolao ya boleo, tlhaloso eno gape e ama tlhaloganyo ya bopelotlhomogi jwa Sekeresete le poloko, tse ka jalo di lebiwang ka mabaka a kamano. [16]

Sebe sa nnete

Boemo jono bo ile jwa tlhalosiwa ka ditsela di le dintsi, go simolola ka sengwe se se sa reng sepe jaaka tshekamelo ya go dira boleo, e e bidiwang "botho jwa boleo", go ya go sengwe se se masisi jaaka go senyega gotlhelele, thuto ya gore batho, kwantle ga bopelotlhomogi jwa Modimo, ga ba kgone go itlhophela go dira molemo.[17] [18]Kgopolo ya boleo jwa kwa tshimologong e ne ya umakiwa la ntlha mo lekgolong la bobedi la dingwaga ke Irenaeus, Mobishopo wa kwa Lyon mo kganetsanong ya gagwe le Ba-Gnostic bangwe ba ba neng ba dumela mo go tse pedi.[19] Borara ba bangwe ba kereke jaaka Augustine le bone ba ne ba bopa le go tlhabolola thuto eno,[20] ba e leba jaaka e e theilweng mo thutong ya Tesetamente e Ntšha ya ga moaposetoloi Paulo (Baroma 5:12 - 21 le 1 Bakorinthe 15:21 - 22) le mo temaneng ya Tesetamente e Kgologolo ya Dipesalema 51:5.[21] [22][23][24][25]Tertullian, Cyprian, Ambrose le Ambrosiaster ba ne ba akanya gore batho ba na le seabe mo boleong jwa ga Atame, jo bo fetisediwang ka losika lwa motho. Tsela e Augustine a neng a tlhalosa boleo jwa kwa tshimologong ka yone morago ga 412 C.E. e ne e ratiwa thata ke balweladiphetogo ba Baporotesetanta, ba ba jaaka Martin Luther le John Calvin, ba ba neng ba tshwantsha boleo jwa kwa tshimologong le keletso ya tlhakanelodikobo (kgotsa "keletso e e utlwisang botlhoko"), ba tlhomamisa gore bo ne jwa tswelela pele le morago ga kolobetso mme jwa senya kgololesego ya go dira molemo gotlhelele. Pele ga 412 C.E., Augustine o ne a bolela gore kgololesego ya go itlhophela e ne ya koafadiwa mme ya se ka ya senngwa ke boleo jwa ntlha. [26]Mme morago ga 412 CE seno se ne sa fetoga go nna go latlhegelwa ke kgololesego ya go itlhophela kwantle ga go leofa. Bo-Calvin ba Augustinian ba segompieno ba na le pono eno ya moragonyana. Mokgatlho wa Ba-Jansen, o Kereke ya Katoliki e neng ya o bolela gore ke wa bokgelogi, le one o ne wa bolela gore boleo jwa ntlha bo ne jwa senya kgololesego ya go itlhophela. [27] Go na le moo, Kereke ya Katoliki e bolela gore Kolobetso e phimola boleo jwa kwa tshimologong.[28] Thutatumelo ya Methodist e ruta gore boleo jwa kwa tshimologong bo nyelediwa ka go itshepisiwa gotlhe.[29]

Islam

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Boleo (khiṭʾ) ke kgopolo e e botlhokwa mo maitsholong a Boiselamo. Bamoseleme ba leba boleo jaaka sengwe le sengwe se se kgatlhanong le ditaolo tsa Modimo (Allah), go tlola melao le melawana e e beilweng ke bodumedi.[30] Boiselamo bo ruta gore boleo ke tiro mme ga se boemo jwa go nna teng. Go dumelwa gore Modimo o lekanya ditiro tse di molemo tsa motho le maleo a gagwe ka Letsatsi la Katlholo mme o otlhaya batho ba ditiro tsa bone tse di bosula di fetang ditiro tsa bone tse di molemo. Go akanngwa gore batho bano ba atlholelwa go ya go tshela mo molelong wa jahannam (Dihele) morago ga loso. Mafoko a Seiselamo a boleo a akaretsa dhanb le khaṭīʾa, tse di tshwanang mme di kaya maleo a a dirwang ka boomo; khiṭʾ, e e kayang fela boleo; le ithm, e e dirisiwang go kaya maleo a a masisi.[31]

Judaism

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Tsamaiso ya Sejuda e leba go tlola molao ope fela wa e le 613 e le boleo. Bojuda bo ruta gore boleo ke karolo ya botshelo, ka gonne ga go na motho ope yo o itekanetseng mme mongwe le mongwe o sekametse mo go direng bosula. Boleo bo na le ditlhopha tse di farologaneng le maemo, mme tlhophiso e kgolo ke ya "go fosa letshwao" (cheit ka Sehebera)[32] Maleo mangwe a otlhaiwa ka loso ke kgotlatshekelo, a mangwe ka loso ke legodimo, a mangwe ka go kgwathisiwa, mme a mangwe ga a otlhaiwe jalo, mme ga go na maleo a a dirilweng ka boomo a a se nang ditlamorago. Maleo a a dirilweng ka go tlhoka kitso ga a tsewe e le maleo, ka gonne boleo e ka se ka ya nna boleo fa motho yo o bo dirang a sa itse gore bo phoso. Maleo a a sa dirwang ka boomo a tsewa a le masisi go le gonnye.[33]

Maleo a a dirwang fa gare ga batho a tsewa a le masisi thata mo Bojudeng go feta maleo a a dirwang fa gare ga motho le Modimo. Yom Kippur, letsatsi la konokono la boikotlhao mo Bojudeng, le ka dira tetlanyo ya dibe magareng ga motho le Modimo, mme e seng tsa dibe magareng ga motho le mongwe ka ene, ke gore go fitlha a kokobetsa tsala ya gagwe.[34]Eleazar ben Azariah o tsere [seno go tswa mo temaneng eno]: "O tla phepafadiwa mo maleong otlhe a gago fa pele ga Modimo" (Buka ya Lefitiko, 16:30) - maleo a a dirwang fa gare ga motho le Modimo a itshwarelwa ka Yom Kippur, mme maleo a a dirwang fa gare ga motho le moagelani wa gagwe ga a itshwarelwe go fitlha a kokobetsa yo mongwe.[35][36]

Fa Tempele e ne e santse e le teng kwa Jerusalema, batho ba ne ba ntsha Korbanot (ditlhabelo) ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa bone tse di bosula. Karolo ya korbanot ya go itshwarela maleo e lekanyeditswe sentle. Gantsi korbanot e letlanya fela maleo a motho a sa a dirang ka boomo, ke gore, maleo a a dirilweng ka gonne motho a lebetse gore selo seno e ne e le boleo kana ka phoso. Ga go tlhokege gore go dirwe tetlanyo epe ya ditlolo tse di dirilweng ka go patelediwa kana ka ntlha ya go tlhoka kitso, mme gantsi korbanot ga e kgone go dira tetlanyo ya boleo jo bo dirilweng ka boomo, ka boomo. Mo godimo ga moo, korbanot ga e na maatla a go phimola boleo ntle le fa motho yo o ntshang tshupelo a ikwatlhaela ditiro tsa gagwe ka tlhoafalo pele a ntsha tshupelo, mme a busetsa motho ope yo o gobaditsweng ke tlolomolao.[ Bojuda bo ruta gore boleo jotlhe jo bo dirwang ka boomo bo na le ditlamorago. Batho ba ba siameng ka botlalo ba boga ka ntlha ya maleo a bone (ka go tlontlololwa, go humanega, le go boga mo Modimo a ba tlisetsang gone) mo lefatsheng leno mme ba amogela tuelo ya bone mo lefatsheng le le tlang. Ba ba mo gare ga bone (ba ba sa siamang gotlhelele kgotsa ba ba bosula gotlhelele) ba boga ka ntlha ya maleo a bone ba bo ba ikwatlhaya morago ga loso mme morago ga moo ba bo ba nna bangwe ba batho ba ba siameng. Batho ba ba bosula ga ba ikwatlhaye tota le fa ba le kwa dikgorong tsa dihele. Batho ba ba ntseng jalo ba atlega mo lefatsheng leno go amogela tuelo ya bone ya tiro nngwe le nngwe e e molemo, mme ga ba ka ke ba phepafadiwa ka gone mme ka jalo ga ba kake ba tswa mo diheleng, ka gonne ga ba ikwatlhaye kana ga ba kake ba ikwatlhaya. Ka jalo, lefatshe leno le ka lebega le se na tshiamiso fa basiami ba boga mme baikepi bone ba atlega. Batlhalefi ba le bantsi ba bagolo ba ne ba akanya ka seno. [37]

Shinto

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Kgopolo ya Bo-Shinto ya boleo e amana thata le dikgopolo tsa go itsheka le go leswefala. Boshinto ga bo na kgopolo ya boleo jwa kwa tshimologong mme go na le moo bo dumela gore batho botlhe ba tsalwa ba itshekile. b[38]oleo, jo gape bo bidiwang Tsumi, ke sengwe le sengwe se se dirang gore batho ba se ka ba itsheka (ke gore, sengwe le sengwe se se ba kgaoganyang le kami).[39] Le fa go ntse jalo, Ba-Shinto ga ba dumele gore leswe leno ke ka ntlha ya ditiro tsa batho, mme go na le moo ke ka ntlha ya meya e e bosula kgotsa dilo tse dingwe tse di tswang kwa ntle.[40] Boleo bo ka nna le ditlamorago tse di farologaneng kwa Japane, go akaretsa matlhotlhapelo le malwetse.[41][42]Ka jalo, meetlo ya go itshekisa, kgotsa Harae, e tsewa e le botlhokwa e seng fela mo boitekanelong jwa semoya le jwa mmele jwa motho mme gape le mo boitekanelong jwa setšhaba.[43]

Metswedi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. ↑ "sin". Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 4 July 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2017.[1]
  2. ↑ "sin". Oxford English Dictionary. Retrieved 16 September 2013
  3. ↑ Warner, Brad (2003). Hardcore Zen: Punk Rock, Monster Movies & the Truth About Reality. Wisdom Publications. p. 144. ISBN 0-86171-380-X.[2]
  4. ↑ Warner, Brad (2010). Sex, Sin, and Zen: A Buddhist Exploration of Sex from Celibacy to Polyamory and Everything in Between. New World Library. p. 72. ISBN 978-1-57731-910-8.[3]
  5. ↑ "Buddhism: Major Differences". Buddha Dharma Education Association. Retrieved 13 May 2013.[4]
  6. ↑ von Fürer-Haimendorf, Christoph (1974). "The Sense of Sin in Cross-Cultural Perspective". Man. New Series 9.4: 539–556.
  7. ↑ Gananath Obeyesekere (1990), The Work of Culture: Symbolic Transformation in Psychoanalysis and Anthropology, University of Chicago, ISBN 978-0-226-61599-8
  8. ↑ Hodous, Lewis; Soothill, William Edward (1995). A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms: With Sanskrit and English Equivalents and a Sanskrit-Pali Index. Routledge. p. 128. ISBN 978-0700703555.[5]
  9. ↑ Rām Garg, Gaṅgā (1992). Encyclopaedia of the Hindu World. Concept Publishing Company. p. 433. ISBN 9788170223757.[6]
  10. ↑ Rahner, p. 1588
  11. ↑ Sabourin, p. 696
  12. ↑ Contra Faustum Manichaeum, 22, 27; PL 42, 418; cf. Thomas Aquinas, STh I–II q71 a6.[7]
  13. ↑ Mc Guinness, p. 241
  14. ↑ Gruden, Wayne. Systemic Theology: An Introduction to Biblical Doctrine, Nottingham: Intervarsity Press, p. 580
  15. ↑ On Grace and Free Will (see Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, trans. P.Holmes, vol. 5; 30–31 [14–15]).
  16. ↑ For a historical review of this understanding, see R.N.Frost, "Sin and Grace", in Paul L. Metzger, Trinitarian Soundings, T&T Clark, 2005.
  17. ↑ Burson, Scott R. (13 September 2016). Brian McLaren in Focus: A New Kind of Apologetic. ACU Press. ISBN 978-0-89112-650-8. ...affirms the total depravity of human beings and their utter helplessness even to exercise a good will toward God apart from God's supernatural, assisting grace.[8]
  18. ↑ Brodd, Jeffrey (2003). World Religions. Winona, MN: Saint Mary's Press. ISBN 978-0-88489-725-5.[9]
  19. ↑ "In the person of the first Adam we offend God, disobeying His precept" (Haeres., V, xvi, 3).
  20. ↑ Patte, Daniel. The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity. Ed. Daniel Patte. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 892
  21. ↑ Peter Nathan. "The Original View of Original Sin". Vision.org. Retrieved 24 January 2017.[10]
  22. ↑ "Original Sin Explained and Defended: Reply to an Assemblies of God Pastor". Philvaz.com. Retrieved 24 January 2017
  23. ↑ Preamble and Articles of Faith Archived 20 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine – V. Sin, Original and Personal – Church of the Nazarene. Retrieved 13 October 2013.[11]
  24. ↑ Are Babies Born with Sin? Archived 21 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine – Topical Bible Studies. Retrieved 13 October 2013.[12]
  25. ↑ Are Babies Born with Sin? Archived 21 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine – Topical Bible Studies. Retrieved 13 October 2013
  26. ↑ Wilson, Kenneth (2018). Augustine's Conversion from Traditional Free Choice to "Non-free Free Will": A Comprehensive Methodology. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck. pp. 16–18, 157–187. ISBN 9783161557538.[13]
  27. ↑ "CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Jansenius and Jansenism". Newadvent.org. 1 October 1910. Retrieved 24 January 2017
  28. ↑ Catholic Church. "The Seven Sacraments of the Church." Catechism of the Catholic Church. LA Santa Sede. 19 November 2019.[14]
  29. ↑ Whidden, Woodrow W. (18 April 2005). "Adventist Theology: The Wesleyan Connection". Biblical Research Institute. Retrieved 30 June 2019.[15]
  30. ↑ "Oxford Islamic Studies Online". Sin. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 16 January 2018.[16]
  31. ↑ Wensinck, A. J. (2012). "K̲h̲aṭīʾa". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.). Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Brill. doi:10.1163/2214-871X_ei1_SIM_4141.[17]
  32. ↑ Silver, Jonathan, host. "Podcast: David Bashevkin on Sin and Failure in Jewish Thought." The Tikvah Podcast, The Tikvah Fund, 3 Oct. 2019
  33. ↑ "Sacrifices and Offerings (Karbanot)".[18]
  34. ↑ Mishnah, Yoma, 8:9
  35. ↑ Simon and Schuster, 1986, Nine Questions People Ask About Judaism, New York: Touchstone book.
  36. ↑ "The Historical Uniqueness and Centrality of Yom Kippur". thetorah.com.[19]
  37. ↑ "Reward and Punishment". Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved 1 March 2015.[20]
  38. ↑ "Shinto Concept of Sin (Tsumi) and Impurity (Kegare)｜TSURUGAOKA HACHIMANGU". www.tsurugaoka-hachimangu.jp. Retrieved 23 September 2020.[21]
  39. ↑ "BBC – Religions – Shinto: Purity in Shinto". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 23 September 2020
  40. ↑ "Shinto Concept of Sin (Tsumi) and Impurity (Kegare)｜TSURUGAOKA HACHIMANGU". www.tsurugaoka-hachimangu.jp. Retrieved 23 September 2020.[22]
  41. ↑ "Shinto Concept of Sin (Tsumi) and Impurity (Kegare)｜TSURUGAOKA HACHIMANGU". www.tsurugaoka-hachimangu.jp. Retrieved 23 September 2020.[23]
  42. ↑ "BBC – Religions – Shinto: Purity in Shinto". www.bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 23 September 2020.[24]
  43. ↑ "Shinto Concept of Sin (Tsumi) and Impurity (Kegare)｜TSURUGAOKA HACHIMANGU". www.tsurugaoka-hachimangu.jp. Retrieved 23 September 2020
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