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Albertina Sisulu

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Albertina Sisulu
Albertina Sisulu ka 2007
Mopalamente
In office
Motsheganong 1994 – Seetebosigo 1999
Mothusa tona wa ntlha wa lekgotla la bomme la African National Congress
In office
Moranang 1991 – Morule 1993
PresidentGertrude Shope
Morago Ga GagweThandi Modise
Ka Ga Ena
O tsetsweNontsikelelo Thethiwe
Phalane a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 2011
Camama, Aforika Borwa
O TlhokafetseSeetebosigo a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2011
Johannesburg Aforika Borwa
MokgatlhoAfrican National Congress
Dikamano tse dingwe
tsa sepolotiki		United Democratic Front
Mo/BakapeloWalter Sisulu
BanaBa le batlhano ba akaretsa, Max, Mlungisi, Zwelakhe le Lindiwe ba le bararo ba ba amogetsweng ba akaretsa Beryl
TiroMopoltiki, mooki, molwela ditshwanelo
AwardsSeetsele sa Isitwalandwe (ka 2019)
Maina a tlwaeloMa Sisulu. Ntsiki

Albertina Sisulu OMSG (o o bidiwang Nontsikelelo Thethiwe gape; a tshotswe ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 1918 a tlhokafala ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2011) e ne e le molwela ditshwanelo o o kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele wa kwa Aforika Borwa. E ne e le leloko la African National Congress (ANC), e ne e le tautona o mongwe wa United Democratic Front fa e tlhamiwa. Kwa Aforika Borwa, kwa a neng a bidiwa Ma Sisulu e le go supa lorato, gantsi o bidiwa motsadi wa lefatshe.

O tsholetswe kwa Transkei, o ne a fudugela Johannesburg ka 1940 e le mooki ka tiro. O tsene mo polotiking ka go nyalwa ke Walter Sisulu, a nna le seabe mo go lweleng ditshwanelo morago ga Walter a sena go isiwa kgolegelong ka tsheko ya Rivonia. Ka dingwaga tsa 1980, o ne a nna moeteledipele wa setshaba kwa legaeng la gagwe kwa Soweto, a nna mo maemong a tlhwatlhwa mo go tlhamiweng ga UDF le go tsosolosiwa ga lekgotla la bomme ba Aforika Borwa.

Ka dingwaga tsa 1964 go tsena 1989, o ne a nna a lebanwe ke motseletsele wa ditaelo tsa go kganelwa. Fa godimo ga go tshwarwa a sa sekisiwa, o ne a lebisiwa melato makgetho a le mararo: molato wa gagwe wa go tlola molao wa teseletso ka 1958 o ne wa itshwarelwa, o ne a lebisiwa molato wa go tlola molao wa bosetshaba ka 1984, a itshwarelwa go tlola molao wa tshireletso ka tsheko ya 1985 ya thankgolo puso kwa Pietermaritzburg.

Fa puso ya tlhaolele e sena go fela, Sisulu o ne a emela ANC kwa palamenteng ya ntlha ya puso ya batho ka batho pele ga a ithola marapo mo polotiking ka 1999 E ne e le mothusa tona wa lekgotla la bomme ba ANC go tswa ka 1991 go tsena 1993 gape e le leloko la komiti ya ANC go tswa ka 1991 go tsena 1994.

Botshelo jwa gagwe a le mmotlana le thuto

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Sisulu o tshotswe ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le motso ngwaga wa 1918 kwa Camama, motsana o o kwa kgaolong ya Tsomo kwa Transkei.[1] E ne e le ngwana wa bobedi mo baneng ba le batlhano kwa lolwapeng lwa ba Xhosa (Mfengu).[2] Rraagwe, ebong Bonizilwe Thetiwe, e ne e le mmereki wa motswakwa o o berekileng ka lobaka kwa meepong ya gouta kwa Transvaal, mmagwe ebong Monica Thetiwe (o a neng a fana ka Mnyila pele) o ne a koafadiwa ke sehuba sa spanish se a se lwetseng fa a itsholofetse ka Sisulu.[1][3] Sisulu le batsalwa le ene ba godile ba nna le bo mmabomogolo kwa motseng wa Xolobe, kwa Sisulu a simolotseng sekolo teng. Le ntswa ba lolwapa ba ne ba mmitsa Ntsiki botshelo jwa gagwe jotlhe, leina la Albertina o le dirisitse kwa sekolong, a le tlhopha mo lenaaneng la maina a seKeresete a Yuropa a a neng a filwe ke barutabana ba bodiredi.[1]

Ka 1929,fa mmaagwe Sisulu a itsholofetse ka ngwana wa gagwe wa botlhano ebile e le wa bofelo, rragwe Sisulu o ne a tlhokafala ka ntlha ya bolwetse jwa mahatlha kwa Camama.[1] Mmaagwe o ne a tswelela a lwala go fitlhelela a tlhokafala ka 1941,ka jalo Sisulu e le ngwana wa mosetsana o motona o ne a nna motlhokomedi wa bommonnawe le bo ntsalae, a patelesega go emisa thuto ya gagwe gangwe le gape.[1][4] Le fa go ntse jalo, ka 1936, o ne a amogela thuso ya madi a sekolo go tsweledisa thuto e kgolwane kwa Mariazell, sekolo se se nang le boroko se se kwa Matatiele.[1] O ne a itshetsa ka go lema masimo le go bereka kwa go tlhatswediwang teng ka malatsi a boitapoloso.[3] A sa tswa go fetogela kwa kerekeng ya Roma, o ne a ikaelela go nna moitlami wa mokgatlho wa bodumedi (nun) kgotsa mogokgo wa sekolo, mme moeteledipele wa sekolo, Father Bernard Huss o ne a mo thusa go tsaya tshwetso ya go nna mooki morago fa go fetsa sekolo ka 1939.[3]

Go lwela ditshwanelo kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka Firikgong 1940,Sisulu o ne a fudugela kwa Johannesburg, kwa a neng a simolola tiro ya gagwe ya booki e le moithuti kwa lekalaneng le e seng la Yuropa kwa sepateleng sa Johannesburg General Hospital.[3] O ne a nna mooki o o tletseng ka 1944, morago a nna mmelegisi gape.[5] Dikgatlhego tsa gagwe mo sepolotiking di godile ka go amana le Walter Sisulu, e le morekisi wa matlo le molweladitshwanelo wa African National Congress (ANC) o a neng a mo nyala. O ne a simolola go tsenelela dikopano tsa ANC e se leloko e le mopati wa gagwe.[6] Mo tlhalosong ya gagwe, "ke ne ke sena dikakanyo tsa sepolotiki. Ke ne ke sena kgatlhego go fitlhelela ke kopana le Walter.[7] Ellen Kuzwayo , mongwe wa basadi ba le mmalwa ba ba neng ba le teng kwa dikopanong , o mo gakologelwa a le boikobo, a direla maloko a a neng a le kwa bokopanong tee morago ga dikopano tse di telele tse di tseneletseng.[6] Fa a le mosadi wa ga Walter, e ne e ele ene fela mosadi o a neng a le teng kwa bokopanong jwa ntlha jwa lekgotla la ANC la banana ka 1944.[6][8]

Go ya ka Pippa Green, o nnile leloko la lekgotla la bomme la ANC ka 1946.[9] Fa godimo ga foo, lolwapa loora Sisulu kwa Orlando Bophirima, motsana o o kwa Soweto, kwa ntle ga Johannesburg, lo ne lo dirisiwa go tshwara dikopano tsa baeteledipele ba ANC.[3][10] Le fa go ntse jalo, ditiro tsa monna wa gagwe tsa sepolotiki di ne tsa dira gore Sisulu e nne ene a tsenyang madi mo lwapeng, o ne a seka a tsaya karolo mo ditirelong tsa ANC go fitlheleka ka dingwaga tsa 1950, ka nako e phathi e neng ya itsise lenaneo la yone la puso ya tlhaolele.[1] O ne a seka a tsaya karolo mo letsholong la 1952 la go tsepama, ka nako e Walter a neng a tshwarwa a lebisiwa molato wa bosetshaba; fa a boelela melao ya ANC, "fa mongwe wa maloko a lolwapa a setse a tlola molao, re ka se tsamae rotlhe, ka go ne go na le bana ba ba neng ba tshwanetse go tlhokomelwa".[9]

1948 go tsena 1963: pele ga tsheko ya Rivonia

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Go nna kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele go ne ga ya magoletsa ka 1954 le 1955,Sisulu o ne a tsaya karolo mo matsholong a le mmalwa a a amanang. O ne a tlhophiwa go ya komiting ya bomme ba Aforika Borwa ya Federation of South African Women (FEDSAW) fa le tlhamiwa ka 1954.[11] Ka 1955, o ne a tsaya karolo mo lekgotleng la kgololesego a anamisa dipampitshana pele ga bokopano jwa batho, a boa gape a tsaya karolo mo go ngaleng dikolo tsa setshaba e le go ema kgatlhanong le molao wa thuto ya Bantu; ntlo ya boora Sisulu e ne ya nna sekolo sa nakwana se se neng se tlhomilwe koo e le bontlha jwa go ema kgatlhanong.[1] O ne a le teng kwa mogwantong wa basadi wa Phatwe 1956 kwa Pretoria,[12][13] kwa Phalane 1958 o ne a tshwarwa e le lantlha a lebisiwa molato wa go tsaya karolo mo mogwantong o mongwe wa basadi kgatlhanong le dibukana tsa go itshupa.[1] O ne a bewa dibeke di le tharo kwa kgolegelong ka go tlhoka go sala morago molao wa dibukana tsa ditshupo, mme a felela a gololwa, tsala ya monna wa gagwe Nelson Mandela e le mmueledi wa gagwe.[9][14] Ka dingwaga tsa 1960, o ne a tsaya karolo mo lenaneong la ANC la go thapa baoki e le baithaopi go fudugela kwa Tanganyika o jaanong a neng a gololesegile, e le thuso e e yang kwa go Julius Nyerere go tswa kwa go Oliver Tambo.[15][16]

Monna wa ga Sisulu e ne e le mosekisiwa mo tshekong ya 1956 go tsena 1961 ya thankgolo puso, lolwapa lwa bone lwa tshabelelwa ke go bewa leitlho ke makalana a tshireletso le go tlhaselwa.[1][17] Morago ga tsuologo ya Sharpville ya 1960, puso ya tlhaolele e ne ya kganela ANC le makgotla a a amanang le yone, moragonyana, ANC e ne ya itsise tshimololo ya kgaratlho ya dibetsa. Monna wa gagwe, e le mosimolodi wa Umkhonto we Sizwe, o ne a tshaba a iphitlha kwa tlase ga lefatshe ka 1963. Ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga oo, Sisulu o ne a nna mosadi wa ntlha go tshwarwa mo molaong wa kiletso ya malatsi a le masome a robabongwe: molao o o neng o sa tswa go simololwa wa 1963 o ne o letla mapodisi go tshwara balwela ditshwanelo ba sa ba bolelela.[2] Ka nako e ba e batlang ebile ba sa ba lebisa melato epe. O ne a bewa a le nosi kwa kgolegelong, a tlhotlhomisiwa ka lobaka ka kwa Walter a leng teng. O ne a gololwa morago ga gore monna wa gagwe le maloko a mangwe a ANC ba tshwarwe kwa Rivonia ka Phukwi 1963[3]. Tsheko ya Rivonia e ne ya fela ka Seetebosigo 1964 Walter a atlholetswe botshelo botlhe mo toronkong. Ka nako ya tsheko, Sisulu o ne a oketsa seabe sa gagwe mo lekgotleng la ANC la basadi.[1]

1964 go tsena 1989: morago ga tsheko ya Rivonia

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ke ne ke itse gore ke eng puso e ne e sa nthate. Ke ka ntlha ya gore ke ne ke le kgatlhanong le tlhaolele. Ke ne ke itse gore ke mmaba wa puso. Ga gona sepe se se ka bong se intumedisitse le go fetisa.

— – -Sisulu a bua ka go bogisiwa ga gagwe ke puso ya tlhaolele.[18]

Ka Phatwe 1964, morago ga dikatlholo tsa Rivonia, Sisulu o ne a lebisiwa kiletso ya ntlha mo metseletseleng ya dikeletso.[2] O ne a ilediwa gangwe le haoe dingwaga tse di lesome le bosuoa tse di latelang, a ilediwa go tsaya karolo mo dipolotiking ebile a kganeletswe mo ntlong dingwaga di le mmalwa.[1] Tona wa melao le thokgamo o ne a letla kiletso ya gagwe ya bone go fela ka Phatwe 1981, o ne a ipela ka go bua e le lantlha mo polotiking fa e sale ka dingwaga tsa 1960 - kwa moletlong wa go ikgopotsa mogwanto wa basadi kwa kerekeng nngwe.[19] Kgololesego e ne ya nna sebaka sa ngwaga pele ga a tshwarwa gape a ilediwa gape e le la botlhano ka Seetebosigo 1982;[1][20] taelo e o e ne e le bontlha jwa tse di neng di dirilwe kwa Soweto ka nako ya segopotso tsa tsulologo ya Soweto ya 1976.[21]

Le fa go ntse jalo, ka nako eo yotlhe, Sisulu o ne a tswelela e le motho wa tlhwatlhwa mo letsholong le le kgatlhanong, a lemogiwa ka go itebaganya le go rulaganya mo lefatsheng ka bophara e seng mo gae fela. O nnile le thotloetso mo go baakanyetseng go tlhamiwa ga United Democratic Front (UDF), e e neng e le lekgotla le le neng le itsege ka go nna kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele le le tlhamilweng ka 1983, le mo letsholong la go tsosolosa FEDSAW.[22] Go tswa ka dingwaga tsa 1970, o ne a nna matlhagatlhaga mo go katiseng bomme ba ba botlana ba balweladitshwanelo ba tshwana le Jessie Duarte le Susan Shabangu; Duarte morago o ne a re baithuti ba ga Sisulu ba ne ba ipitsa banyana ba ga MaSisulu, o ne a nna le seabe se setona mo go tlhamiweng ga lekgotla la basadi le le sephiri la ANC kwa Soweto le bidiwa Thusang Basadi.[1]

Tsheko ya boditshaba le go tlhamiwa ga UDF

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Kiletso ya ga Sisulu ya Seetebosigo 1982 e ne ya letlelelwa go fela morago ga ngwaga[23], ka Phukwi 1983 o ne a tsenelela dikopano tsa komiti e e neng e rulaganyetsa go tlhamiwa ga UDF.[1] Le fa go ntse jalo, ka Phatwe a le malatsi a matlhano o ne a tshwarwa gape kwa lefelong la mmereko a lebisiwa molato wa go fitlha boditshaba.[24] Ene le o a neng a tshwerwe le ene molwela ditshwanelo Thami Mali, ba ne ba lebisiwa molato wa go rulaganya go tsweledisa maikaelelo a ANC e e neng e ileditswe, go amana le seabe sa bone mo go rulaganyeng phitlho ya ga Rose Mbele, lebutswapele la lekgotla la basadi ba ANC. Phitlho e ne e dirilwe dikgwedi kwa morago, ka Firikgong a le lesome le borataro 1983 kwa kerekeng kwa Soweto, melato e o e ne e bonwa e le maipato a go tshwata Sisulu pele ga go tlhomamisiwa ga UDF.[1]

Morago ka Phatwe, fa Sisulh a emetse tsheko a le mo kgolegelong a le esi kwa Diepkloof, UDF e ne ya tlhomamisiwa. O ne a tlhophiwa a seo go nna tautona wa kgaolo ya Transvaal wa UDF, kwa tlhomamisong ya lekgotla leo kwa Mitchell's Plain ka Phatwe a le masome mabedi, e le mongwe wa botautona ba bararo ba UDF, ba bangwe e le Oscar Mpetha le Archie Gumede.[1] Tsheko ya gagwe e ne ya simologa kwa Krugersdorp moragonyana, George Bizos e le mmueledi wa gagwe. Ka Tlhakole a le masome mabedi le bone ngwaga wa 1984, mo katlholong e e neng ya kgalwa ke komiti e e faphegileng ya United Nations kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele, o ne a atlholelwa dingwaga di le nne mo kgolegelong, tse pedi di seegetswe kwa thoko dingwaga di le tlhano.[1] Le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a bulelwa a emetse go ikuela, se se mo letla go tsweledisa ditirelo tsa gagwe tsa sepolotiki;[9] e ne ya re a bua ka seo are morago ga dikgwedi tse dintsi di tlhomagane ke le nosi mo kgolegelong, ke ne ka tswa ke bua le mabota. Ikuelo kgatlhanong le katlholo ya gagwe e ne ya tshwarwa ka 1987.[25]

Abu Baker Asvat le Mandela United

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka 1983, Sisulu o ne a ithola marapo mo booking jwa setshaba, a le mo dingwageng tsa go tlogela tiro ka bogodi, a amogela madi a gagwe a go tlogela tiro.[5] Ngwaga o o latelang, morago ga tsheko ya gagwe o ne a bereka e le sefatlhego sa kompone gape e le mothusi wa mooki kwa Rockville, Soweto kwa ofising ya loaro e e ikemetseng ya ga Abu Baker Asvat, ngaka o a neng a itsege ka go batla go tlhokomela batho. Le ntswa Asvat e ne e le leloko le le eteletseng pele Azania People's Organisation, e e neng e phadisana le UDF, bobedi joo ba ne ba bereka sentle mmogo;[26] morago o ne a re ba ne ba tshwana le ngwana le morwae,[27] o ne a seka a ganana le ditiro tsa ga Sisulu tsa sepolotiki tse di neng di tsweletse.[1]

Sisulu o ne a sa utlwane sentle le Winnie Madikizela-Mandela

Sisulu o ne a na le botsalano jo bo makgwakgwa le Winnie Madikizela-Mandela. Nako e e ne e tshwailwe ke go oketsega ga kgotlhang gareng ga Sisulu le Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, mosadi wa ga Nelson Mandela, o setlhopha sa gagwe sa kgwele ya dinao sa Mandela United Football Club se neng se tsaya karolo mo go tlhaseleng batho le go nyenyafatsa kwa Soweto go tswa ka 1986 go ya pele. Ka ntlha ya botsalano jwa banna ba bone, Sisulu le Madikizela-Mandela ba ne ba utlwana ka dingwaga tsa bone tsa bonana; ba tshwarwa mmogo ka 1958, Sisulu o ne a alafile Mandela fa a le gaufi le go senyegelwa ke boimana jwa ngwana wa gagwe wa ntlha kwa kgolegelong.[1][28] Le fa go ntse jalo, ka dingwaga tsa 1980, botsalano jwa bone bo ne jwa senyega ka Sisulu a ne a lekile go emisa madi a Mandela United.[1] Morago Sisulu o ne a re,"jaaka mosadi, ke lekile go mo ntsha mo go seo...nna le Winnie ga re ise ke re nne baba, ke ne ke leka go mo thusa".[28] Go ya ka moitseanape wa ditso Johhny Steinberg, maloko a mangwe a setshaba a ne a roma Sisulu go begela baeteledipele ba ANC ba ba tshabetseng kwa Lusaka, Zambia[29] ka matshwenyego a bone ka maitshwaro a ga  Madikizela-Mandela. Dingwaga tse di latelang, ka ntlha ya maemo a banna ba bone, metswedi ya dikgang gantsi e ne e supa Sisulu le Madikizela-Mandela e le dikao tse di sa tshwaneng tsa go lwela ditshwanelo ga basadi. ba tshwantshanya go nna le kelelelo ga ga Sisulu le go tenega motlhofo ga ga Madikizela-Mandela.[28][30][31]

Ka nako eo Asvat o ne a sa itsege mo setshabeng sa soweto le puso; ka 1987, Sisulu o ne a na le ene fa a falola go tlhabiwa ka thipa, ka Morule 1988, ba ne ba bereka go sena metsi le motlakase morago ga ba kgaolelwa ka loarong lwa bone.[26] Mo motshegareng wa Firikgong a le masome mabedi le bosupa 1989, Asvat o ne a bolawa ka go thuntshiwa ka tlhobolo kwa ofising ya gagwe ya loaro fa Sisulu a ne a le kwa morago kwa go fiwang melemo teng, o ne a tlhokafala moragonyana mo bo leng teng jwa ga Sisulu. O ne a amogetse motho o o mo thuntshitseng mo sepateleng go bona Asvat letsatsi leo.[32] Madikizela-Mandela le setlhopha sa gagwe sa kgwele ya dinao ba ne ba supiwa ka monwana gore ke bone ba rulagantseng go bolawa ga ga Asvat,[33] Sisulu o ne a akarediwa mo dikakanyetsong tseo ka 1997.

Tsheko ya go thankgola puso, ya Pietermaritzburg

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka ngwaga wa 1984, fa Sisulu a bereka kwa loarong lwa ga Asvat a emetse go ikuela mo katlholong ya gagwe, UDF e ne ya atolosa go nna teng mo lefatsheng ka go tshwara matsholo a a tseneletseng a kganetso ya diphetogo tsa ga tautona P.W Botha di akaretsa molao wa baeteledipele ba bantsho wa 1982 le molaomotheo wa 1983. Ditlhopho tsa ntlha tsa palamente ya makgotla a mararo ka Phatwe 1984 e ne ya emisiwa ke go atlega ga UDF mo go e kganeleng, se se neng sa salwa morago ke go anama ga diphuduego mo motseng oo.[34] Sisulu o ne a tshwarwa ka Tlhakole a le lesome le borobabongwe ngwaga wa 1985.[35] Ene le ba bangwe ba le lesome le botlhano ba ne ba lebisiwa molato wa go thankgola puso le go rotloetsa thankgolo puso. Ka e ne e le ene fela mosadi o a neng a tshwerwe, o ne a bewa a le nosi.[1]

Ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a mararo ngwaga wa 1985, Sisulu le ba a neng a tshwerwe le bone ba ne ba gololwa go emela tsheko kwa ntle ka melao e e gagametseng.[36] Tsheko ya thankgolo puso ya Pietermaritzburg e ne ya simolola ka Phalane a le masome mabedi le motso kwa kgotlatshekelong e tona ya Natal, ka basekisiwa ba sa ipone molato,[37] mme ditsheko tsa ga Sisulu le ba bangwe ba le lesome le motso di ne tsa boelwa morago ka Morule a le malatsi a robabongwe.[38] Sisulu o ne a bolelela bobegadikgang gore e ne e le phenyo mo go bone.[39] Go ne ga tswelela go nna le diphuduego tse di itsegeng, Sisuli a ilediwa gape ka 1986[9] le la 1988.[40][25]

Dipuisano tsa 1989 go tsena 1994

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka ngwaga wa 1989, fa dipuisano tsa go fedisa puso ya tlhaolele di fefofadiwa, Sisulu o ne a amogela seabe sa gagwe sa go lebagana le setshaba mo letsholong la puso ya tlhaolele. Ka Seetebosigo ngwaga oo, o ne a neelwa teseletso ya gagwe ya mosepele ya ntlha ya Aforika Borwa - e le poelo morago ka taelo ya go ilediwa ya gagwe e ne e sa tswa go ntshafadiwa mo malatsinyaneng a a fetileng.[41] Morago kgwedi yone eo, o ne a etelela pele baemedi ba UDF mo loetong lwa mafatshe lo loneng lo akaretsa bokopano le tonakgolo wa Britain, Margaret Thatcher. Fa ba le kwa London, o ne a kopana le moeteledipele wa Labour Party Neil Kinnock, a buisa batho ba letsholo la go nna kgatlhanong le puso ya tlhaolele kwa Britain.[1][42] Ka Seetebosigo a le masome mararo ngwaga wa 1989, o ne a kopana le tautona wa America George H. W Bush kwa ntlong ya gagwe ya bonno.[43][44] Setlhopha se se ne sa fetela kwa Sweden le France ka taletso ya ga Danielle Mitterrand; le kwa diofising kgolo tsa ANC kwa Lusaka, kwa Sisulu a neng a begela maloko a a tshabileng ka seemo kwa Aforika Borwa.[1]

Kiletso ya bofelo kgatlhanong le Sisulu e ne ya emisiwa ke puso ya Aforika Borwa ka Phalane a le lesome le bone ngwaga wa 1989.[45] Puso ya ga Tautona F W de Klerk e ne ya emisa dikeletso tsa ANC ka 1990,ba letla phathi eo go tsweledisa go rulaganya mo Aforika Borwa. Sisulu o ne a nna le seabe mo letsholong la go tlhama sesha lekgotla la ANC la basadi, le ntswa a ne a gana go emela botautona jwa lekgotla leo. Kwa bokopanong kwa ntlha jwa lekgotla leo kwa Kimberly ka Moranang 1991, o ne a ema nokeng Gertrude Shope, o a neng a fenya Madikizela-Mandela go nna tautona wa lekgotla.[1] Kwa bokopanong joo, Sisulu o ne a tlhophiwa go nna mothusi wa ga Shope e le mothusa tautona.[46][47] Mo dingwageng tse pedi tse di latelang, o ne a bereka kwa ofising kgolo ya lekgotla kwa Shell House.[48] Le fa go ntse jalo, o ne a nna mo maemong a mothusa tautona setlha se le sengwe fela, a tlogelela Thandi Modise ofisi kwa bokopanong jo bo latelang ka Morule 1993.[49]

ANC e ne ya tshwara moletlo wa go boelana ka Phukwi 1991 kwa bokopanong jwa masome a mane le borobabobedi kwa Durban, kwa Sisulu a neng a tlhophiwa go bereka e le leloko la komiti.[50] O berekile setlha se le sengwe sa dingwaga tse tharo mo komiting, kwa bokopanong jwa masome a mane le borobabongwe ka Morule 1994 ene le monna wa gagwe ba ne ba gana go emela ditlhopho gape rsa boeteledipele jwa phathi.[51]

Ka nako eo ya kgaratlho, o ne a bona botshabelo jwa kerekeng ya Albert Methodist kwa Johannesburg, ee nnileng le seabe se setona mo go feng batshabi lefelo la botshabelo. Tiro ya gagwe ya sepolotiki morago ga puso ya tlhaolele.

Tiro ya gagwe mo sepolotiking morago ga puso ya tlhaolele

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Palamente

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Matlo a palamente kwa Kapa, kwa Sisulu a neng a berekela teng go tswa ka 1994 go tsena 1999

Sisulu morago o ne a re e le leloko la ANC, o ne a belaela kakanyetso ya ga Mandela ya go boelana le baema nokeng ba pele e le kgatlhego ya dirisana mmogo. Fa a bolela mmegadikgang, bokopano jwa ntlha jwa ANC, fa Mandela a re itsise ka se, re ne ra ema rotlhe ra re jaanong o a tsenwa. Re ne re akanya gore o a tsenwa, gore a re re agisane. Shoo![28] Le fa go ntse jalo, pele ga ditlhopho tsa puso ya batho ka batho morago ga puso ya tlhaolele, o ne a amogela tlhopho ya go ema  e le ntlhopheng wa palamente e ntsha ya Aforika Borwa, a tlhophiwa go ya palamenteng.

Fa palamente e simologa ka Motsheganong a le lesome ngwaga wa 1994, ke Sisulu o a neng a tlhopha semmuso Mandela go bereka e le tautona wa Aforika Borwa morago ga puso ya tlhaolele.[52] Mokwadi wa buka ya gagwe o ne a re e ne e le nngwe ya dinako tse di mo direng motlotlo thata tsa botshelo jwa gagwe, go tlhophiwa go tlhopha tautona mo boemong jwa ANC.[53] O berekile setlha se le sengwe kwa palamenteng, a ithola marapo ka Seetebosigo 1999 kwa ditlhophong.[1]

Komiti ya boammaruri le poelano

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Ka nako e, kanamo ya gagwe ya tlhwatlhwa ke ya komiti ya boammaruri le poelano (TRC) ka 1997. O ne a solofetswe go fa maitemogelo a botlhokwa kwa tlhotlhomisong ya ditirelo tsa setlhopha sa kgwele ya dinao sa Mandela United, bogolo jang ka tse di diragetseng ka letsati la polao ya ga Asvat le botsalano jwa ga Asvat le Madikizela-Mandela.[54] Fa godimo ga foo, ngwaga o o o simologa, puisano le Sisulu e e neng e gatisitswe mo Katiza's Journey, kgatiso ya BBC e mo go yone mmegadikgang Fred Brigland a neng a re o upolotse bosupi jwa gore Madikizela-Mandela o ne a loga maano a go tsaya Stompie Seipei ka dikgoka le go bolaya Asvat. Mopuisanong eo, Sisulu o ne a tlhomamisitse boammaruri jwa karata ya molwetsi go tswa kwa sepateleng sa ga Asvat e e neng e eisa tlase maipato a ga Madikizela-Mandela letsatsi la loso lwa ga Seipei; o ne a re o lemoga mokwalo wa gagwe mo karateng. Morago o ne a re o dirile temogo e ka phoso.[1]

Go tlhagelela ga ga Sisulu fa pele ga lekgotla la bommaruri le poelano ka Morule a rogwa ngwaga go ne ga gapa kgatlhego ya mafatshe fatshe.[55][56] Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga go fa ditiragalo tse di utlusang botlhoko tsa go thunsthiwa ga ga Asvat, o ne a fa dikarabo tse di sa tlhamalalang fa a bodiwa dipotso ka seabe sa ga Madikizela-Mandela mo dintshong tsa ga Asvat le Seipei; o ne a ganetsa go baya monwana karata e e botlhokwa ya molwetsi, a ganetsa go itse ka kgotlhang epe gareng ga Madikizela-Mandela le Asvat, are, "ke ka se akanye gore mma Mandela o ka bolaya Asvat ka gore ke ne ke akanya gore ba a utlwana."[27][57] O ne a re ga a gakologelwe a bona Madikizela-Mandela kgotsa babereki ka ene kwa sepateleng ka nako ya go tsewa ka dikgoka ga ga Seipei.[58]

Ka nako ya fa a botsolosiwa mo go tseneletseng, mookamedi wa lekgotla la TRC Dumisa Ntsebeza o ne a bolelela Sisulu gore o ne a bonala a leka bjotlhe jwa gagwe go bua go le go nnye fela mo go ka golegang mma Mandela, a botsa fa se e le ka ntlha ya go lwantshana le tshiamo ka gore ke mmereki ka ene le gore boora Mandela le Sisulu ba tswa kgakala mmogo.[59][60] Sisulu o ne a fetola ka selelo sa kutlo tshakgalo, a lebelela kwa morago dingwaga tsa a na le seabe mo lweleng ditshwanelo, are "le fa ke mo sireletsa, ga ke fa go bu maaka".[27][59] Moeteledipele Alex Boraine le ene o ne a supa fa a sa kgotsofalela go tlhoka go tsamaisana ga maiphitlhelo a ga Sisulu.[61]

Letsatsi morago ga potsoloso e, Sisulu le monna wa gagwe ba ne ba kopana le Desmond Tutu, modulasetilo wa TRC, go buisana ka go tlhoka go itumela ga gagwe mo go teweng gote ga a bue nnete.[62] ka Morule a le malatsi a mane, TRC e ne ya reetsa bosupi jo bongwe jo bo neng jwa rurifatsa gore menwana e e mo karateng ga se ya ga Sisulu. Sisulu o ne a tlhagelela gape ka nakwana mo seraleng sa basupi, ka kopo ya gagwe, Ntsebeza a mmolelela gore o tlhatswitswe leina ebile o buseditswe go nna mogaka wa tshiamo.[62]

Botshelo jwa gagwe le lolwapa

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Lonyalo lwa ga Albertina a nyalwa ke Walter Sisulu ka Phukwi 1944. Evelyn Mase o kwa molemeng wa monna wa monyadi, Nelson Mandela o bapile le ene kwa molemeng thata. Anton Lembede o kwa mojeng wa monyadi wa mosadi. Kgaitsadie Walter, Rosabella, o lebeletse bobedi boo.

Sisulu o kopane le monna wa gagwe Walter ka 1941, malwapa a bone a dumalana go duela magadi ngwaga o o latelang; ba ne ba nyalana ka Phukwi a le lesome le botlhano ngwaga wa 1944 mo moletlong o mmotlana kwa Cofimvaba.[1] Moemisi wa gagwe o motona e ne e le Nelson Mandela, fa mongwe wa baemisi ba ga Albertinah e ne e le mosadi wa ntlha wa ga Mandela, Evelyn Mase; Mase e ne e le ntsalae Walter, a ne a kopane le Mandela kwa lolwapeng loora Sisulu.[1] Ka nako ya go fa mafoko ga ga A.B Xuma le Anton Lembede,[1] Lembede o ne a tsibosa Albertina are "o nyalwa ke monna o a setseng a nyetse setshaba".[63] Walter o ne a gakologelwa kwa morago are " ke mmoleletse gore ga go na mosola wa go reka didirisiwa tsa ntlo tse disha. Ke ya go ya kgolegelong". [64]Ba ne ba seka ba nna le nako ya go tsaya loeto morago ga lonyalo go fithelela ka Ngwanatsele 1990, fa ba ne ba tsaya loeto go ya Crimean kwa Yalta ka kgwebo ya ANC.[1]

Lolwapa loora Sisulu lwa dikamore tse nne kwa Orlando Bophirima lo ne lo amogela masika a mannye ka dingwaga gangwe le gape, ba akaretsa bomonnawe Sisulu le bana ba bone ba batlhano ka Phatwe 1945 go tsena Phalane 1957, Sisulu o ne a ba godisitse a le nosi fa Walter a le kwa Robben Island go tswa ka 1964 go tsena 1989.[1] Dingwaga tsa ntlha tsa go nna kwa kgolegelong ga ga Walter, o ne a tsaya nako ya gagwe a roka, a loga, ebile a rekisa mae go kokotletsa madi a sekolo sa bana ba gagwe, ka maikaelelo a gore ba tsene sekolo se se nang le boroko kwa lefatsheng le le mabapi la Swaziland go na le go tsena sekolo sa tsamaiso ya Bantu mo Aforika Borwa.[1]

Go tswa ka nako ya ba santse ba gola, bana ba ne ba ilediwa gape ba tshwarwa gangwe le gape ke mapodisi a puso ya tlhaolele mo ditirong tsa nakwaan tsa botshabi le ANC.[1] Fa Sisuku le morwae ba ne ba ilediwa ka 1980, ba ne ba amogela teseletso e e faphegileng ya sepodisi gore ba kgone go bua mmogo, kwa ntle ga go ilediwa go kgobokana ga batho ba ba neng ba ileditswe; ka ba ne ba nna mo lolwapeng lo le lengwe kwa Soweto, Sisulu o ne a re molao o o ke matlakala, a bua ka motlae are "ke ne ke tshwanetse go dira eng?[19] ke seka ka mo kopa dijo tsa mo mosong?".[41] Morago o ne a re mo dilong tsotlhe, go tshwarwa ga bana ba gagwe ke gone mo go mo dirang gore a ikutlwe ekare Maburu ba mo roba mangole.[10]

Sisulu o ne a sa kgone go ya Kapa go etela monna wa gagwe kwa Robben Island,[65] mme Ruth First o ne a bua ka lonyalo lwa bone ka 1982 are "bokgoni jwa gagwe jwa go etelela pele le maatla a gagwe a sepolotiki...ke ka ntlha ya lonyalo lo lo siameng, lonyalo lwa sepolotiki, mme e le lonyalo lo lo siameng, lo lo ikaegileng ka tekatekano ya boammaruri le maikaelelo a a amoganwang".[64] Sisulu ka bo ene o ne a re "re ne re ratana thata. Re ne re tshwana le dikoko tse pedi. E nngwe e nna e setse e nngwe morago".[66] Nako e nngwe o ne a re:

Mo bathong botlhe ba ba fa, ke ene fela - kgotsa go na le o mongwe kgotsa ba le babedi - ba ba tsweletseng pele. Ke ne ka gololesega fa ke nyalwa. Go ne go sena potso ya gore ya go ntirela tee, kgotsa tshasa ditlhako tsa me polishi. O ne a tlhapisa bana ba gagwe a ba robatsa. Ke ne ke sa ikutlwe ke le mosadi mo ntlong.[67]

Ka Phalane a le lesome ngwaga wa 1989, Sisulu o ne a etetse Mandela kwa kgolegelong ya Victor Verster kwa a neng a utlwa ga gore monna wa gagwe o tloga a gololwa mo kgasong ya SABC.[9][68][69] Botsogo jwa gagwe bo ne bo ile tlase kwa kgolegelong, fa Sisulu a tlhophiwa go emela palamente ka 1994, Mandela o ne a mo gakolola gore o ka gana tlhopho gore a kgone go tlhokomela monna wa gagwe. Bana ba gagwe ba ne ba shakgaditswe ke kgakololo ya gore Mandela o ne a letsa go ikopa maitshwarelo mo go bone le go fa bogakolodi.[70] Bobedi bo ne bo nna kwa Orlando go fitlhelela a ithola marapo, fa ba fudugela kwa Johannesburg kwa Linden.[71] Walter o tlhokafaletse kwa lolwapeng ka Motsheganong a le malatsi a matlhano ngwaga wa 2003 Sisulu a le teng.[72] Kwa phitlhong ya gagwe, mongwe wa bana ba bana ba gagwe o ne abala leboko le kwadilwe ke Sisulu le le bidiwang "Walter, ke ka dira eng kwa ntle ga gago?"[73]

Max Sisulu'o berekile e le motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente mo palamenteng ya bone morago ga puso ya tlhaolele

Bana boora Sisulu ba ne ba ya go nna mo maemong a tlhwatlhwa mo pusong ya Aforika Borwa morago ga puso ya tlhaolele. Bana ba bone e ne e le Max (o o tshotsweng ka Phatwe 1945) , Mlungisi (o o tshotsweng ka Ngwanatsele 1948; a tlhokafetse ka Phalane 2015), Zwelakhe (o o tshotsweng ka Morule 1950, ka bokopano jwa ANC; a tlhokafetse ka Phalane 2012), Lindiwe (a tshotswe ka Motsheganong 1954), le Nonkululeko (o o tshotsweng ka Phalane 1957).[1] Mosadi wa ga Max, Elinor Sisulu, o ne a gatisa buka ya botshelo jwa bagwegadi ba gagwe ka 2002 e bidiwa Walter and Albertina Sisulu:In our Lifetime.[74] Boora Sisulu ba ne ba amogela bana ba ga kgaitsadie Walter ba babedi, Gerald le Beryl Lockman (ba ba tshotsweng ka Morule 1944 le Mopitlo 1949 ka tatelano) ba godisa ngwana wa ga ntsalae Walter, Jongumzi Sisulu (o o tshotsweng ka 1958).[1] Ka nako ya fa a tlhokafala, Sisulu o ne a na le bana ba bana ba le masome mabedi le borataro le dikokomane di le tharo.[4] Le ntswa e ne e le mo Rona, o ne a godisetsa bana ba gagwe mo kerekeng ya Anglican e le keletso ya ga mmaagwe Walter;[1] ka 1992, le fa go ntse jalo, fa a bodiwa gore a ene le Walter ba santse ba le baKereste, o ne a fetola ka gore "ga go na nako, moratwa".[75]

Loso lwa gagwe le phitlho

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Sisulu o tlhokafetse go sa solofelwa kwa lolwapeng lwa gagwe kwa Linden ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mabedi ngwaga wa 2011, a le dingwaga di le masome a robabongwe le bobedi.[66][76] O ne a lebile setshwanstho sa motshekhinyego le bana ba bana ba gagwe ba babedi fa a simolola go gotlhola, a idibala; ba thuso ya potlako ba ne ba retelelwa ke go mo tsosa.[77][78] O bolokilwe ka Seetebosigo a le lesome le motso go bapa le lebitla la monna wa gagwe kwa mabolokelong a Croesus kwa Newclare, Johannesburg.[18]

Ditatolo le mafoko a kgomotso a ne a mo ipelela e le motsadi wa lefatshe.[3][77][79][80] Mo mafokong a gagwe, tautona Jacob Zuma o ne a re: "Mama Sisulu, mo digwageng, o nnile pilara e ba bangwe ba ka itshwarelelang ka yone, e seng ba lolwapa loora Sisulu fela mme e leng le letsholo la kgololesegoka botlalo, ka a ne a godisa, a gakolola, a alafa ebile a ruta bontsi jwa baeteledipele le batlhami ba Aforika Borwa wa puso ya batho ka batho.[81] O ne a itsise gape fa Sisulu a tla bolokiwa semmuso, le gore folaga ya lefatshe e tlaa fofesediwa kwa tlase go tswa ka Seetebosigo a le malatsi a mane go fitlhelela letsatsi la phitlho ya gagwe ka Seeteebosigo a le lesome le motso.[82]

Ditirelo tsa segopotso di ne tsa tshwara mo gare ga beke[83], ka Seetebosigio a le lesome le motso ga tshwarwa tirelo ya phitlho kwa Soweto, kwa lobaleng lwa Orlando.[84][85] Tautona Zuma o ne a fa mafoko a pako, a sena go etelela morafe ka dikaba tsa pina ya kgaratlho ya Thina Sizwe[86], Graca Machel o ne a bala molaetsa wa ga tautona wa pele Mandela o o neng o galaletsa Sisulu e le kgaitsadie o a neng a mo rata thata, gape e le motsadi wa batho.[18]

Sekhutlwana sa tsela ya Albertina Sisulu kwa Johannesburg

Toropo ya Reggio Emilia, Italy e ne ya fa Sisulu tlotla ya go nna le boagedi jwa toropo eo ka 1987[87], le ngwaga o o latelang, lolwapa loora Sisulu lo ne lwa neelwa seetsele sa ditshwanelo tsa setho sa carter Center, le ntswa Sisulu le monna wa gagwe ba ne ba ka se ye Georgia go ikamogelela seetsele seo ka ba ne ba ileditswe mesepele.[41] Ka ngwaga wa 1993, o ne a tlhophiwa go nna tautona wa khansele ya World Peace.

Borogo jwa Sisulu kwa pele ga De Krook kwa Ghent, Belgian Congo

Morago ga go fela ga puso ya tlhaolele, o ne a fiwa tlotla ya doctorate ke sekolo se segolwane sa ithutelo ditiro sa University of the Witwatersrand ka 2007.[88][89] Ka letsatsi la matsalo a gagwe a masome a robabobedi le botlhano ka 2003, o ne a le teng kwa go supiweng ga lefelo la setshaba la Albertina Sisulu Centre, le le agilweng ke Johannesburg kwa Orlando Bophirima go thusa bana le bagolo b ba tshelang ka bogole.[90] Ka ngwaga wa 2004 o ne a le mo maemong a masome a matlhano le bosupa a tlhopho ya SABC3 ya manganga ya ma Aforika Borwa a tlhwatlhwa[91], ka 2007 o ne a amogela seetsele sa go fitlhelela dilo tse dintso kwa dietseleng tsa Community Builder tsa ngwaga le ngwaga, di tshwerwe ke SABC, Old Mutual le pampiri ya dikgang ya Sowetan.[92] O ne a amogela le seetsele sa Order for Meritorious Service.

Ka ngwaga wa 2007, puso ya kgaolo ya Gauteng e ne ya itsise gore e tlaa fetola leina la tsela ya R21 gareng ga Pretoria le maemelo a difofane a OR Tambo go nna Albertina Sisulu Freeway.[93][94] Go tsamaelana le tshwetso eo, khansele ya Johannesburg e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go fetola maina a ditsela di le lesome le borobabobedi ka ngwaga wa 2008, go reelelwa ka Sisulu, ka jalo ba sireletsa phetolo leina ya ditsela tsa R24 tse di ralalang Johannesburg le Roodeport,[95] phetogo e e ne ya nna ka 2013.[96][97] Pele ga diphadisano tsa mafatshe tsa FIFA ka 2010, tsela ya R24 e ne ya fetolwa go reelelwa ka Albertina Sisulu.[97] [98]Kwa ntle ga Aforika Borwa, borogo jwa Albertina Sisulu, bo bo kgabaganyang Scheldt, bo filwe leina leo ke toropo ya Ghent kwa Belgium kwa 2014.[99]

Ka ngwaga wa 2018, dingwaga di le lekgolo fa e sale Sisulu a tsholwa, puso ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya tshwara mananeo a mangwe go tlotla Sisulu. E le bontlha jwa lenaneo le, poso ya Aforika Borwa e ne ya tlhama setempe sa go ipela,[100][101] le setlhasana se se sa tlwaelesegang sa orchid, se ne sa fetolwa leina go nna Albertina Sisulu orchid ka moletlo wa kwa Walter Sisulu Botanical Garden[102]. Puso e ne ya tshwara puisano ya bomme kwa Johannesburg[103] ya Albertina Sisulu, UNICEF e ne ya tshwara puisano e nngwe kwa Durban ka kgwedi ya basadi.[104] Ka ngwaga wa 2012, lephata la thuto e kgolwane, maranyane le botegeniki e ne ya tlhama lefelo la Albertina Nontsikelelo Sisulu Science Centre, e le lefelo la gase e tala kwa Cofimvaba, kwa Kapa Botlhaba.[105]

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 Sisulu, Elinor (2003). Walter and Albertina Sisulu: In Our Lifetime. New Africa Books. ISBN 0-86486-639-9.
  2. 1 2 3 Isaacson, Maureen (6 June 2011). "Sisulu: A life well lived". Independent. Retrieved 02 December 2025
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Herbstein, Denis (12 June 2011). "Albertina Sisulu: Nurse and freedom fighter revered by South Africans as the mother of the nation". The Independent. Retrieved 02 December 2025
  4. 1 2 McGregor, Liz (6 June 2011). "Albertina Sisulu obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 02 December 2025
  5. 1 2 Leist, Reiner (September 1991). "Albertina Sisulu". Blue Portraits. Archived from the original on 5 October 1999. Retrieved 03 December 2025 – via African National Congress.
  6. 1 2 3 Sisulu, Elinor (10 June 2011). "Tribute: Life, love and times of the Sisulus". The New Age. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 03 November 2025
  7. ↑ "Albertina Sisulu, Freedom Fighter". Sechaba. October 1988. Archived from the original on 15 June 2002. Retrieved 03 December 2025– via African National Congress.
  8. ↑ Bell, Jo (2021). On This Day She: Putting Women Back Into History, One Day at a Time. Tania Hershman, Ailsa Holland. London: Metro. p. 282. ISBN 978-1-78946-271-5. OCLC 1250378425.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Green, Pippa (9 June 2011). "Albertina Sisulu's Story of Persecution and Suffering, Love and Triumph". allAfrica. Retrieved 03 November 2025
  10. 1 2 Bearak, Barry (5 June 2011). "Albertina Sisulu, Who Helped Lead Apartheid Fight, Dies at 92". The New York Times.
  11. ↑ Green, Pippa (9 June 2011). "Albertina Sisulu's Story of Persecution and Suffering, Love and Triumph". allAfrica. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  12. ↑ "60 Iconic Women — The people behind the 1956 Women's March to Pretoria". The Mail & Guardian. 25 August 2016. Retrieved 03 November 2025
  13. ↑ "Albertina Sisulu never aimed for politics". News24. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  14. ↑ "Struggle heroine Albertina Sisulu dies". The Mail & Guardian. 2 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  15. ↑ "Untold story of South African nurses who helped Tanzania after British nurses refused to work under black leadership". The Citizen. 18 March 2023. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  16. ↑ "The story of Albertina Sisulu's nurses". The Mail & Guardian. 8 November 2003. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  17. ↑ "Albertina Sisulu's story". News24. 8 August 2006. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  18. 1 2 3 "Madiba mourns his 'beloved sister' Albertina Sisulu". The Mail & Guardian. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  19. 1 2 Lelyveld, Joseph (24 August 1981). "A Soweto Woman Regains Her Political Voice". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  20. ↑ "Fifth banning order for Albertina Sisulu". South African History Online. 16 March 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  21. ↑ Lelyveld, Joseph (17 June 1982). "South African Police and Youths Clash Outside a Church in Soweto". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  22. ↑ "Albertina Sisulu, veteran of anti-apartheid movement, dies at 92". Washington Post. 3 June 2011. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  23. ↑ Lelyveld, Joseph (2 July 1983). "Pretoria Ends Banning Orders for 50". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  24. ↑ "S. Africa Jails Woman Weeks After Lifting 17-Year House Arrest". Washington Post. 9 August 1983. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  25. 1 2 "Pen portraits of a dozen of those banned yesterday". The Mail & Guardian. 25 February 1988. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  26. 1 2 "Profile: Abu Asvat". The Mail & Guardian. 2 February 1989. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  27. 1 2 3 "Star witness refuses to damn Winnie". The Independent. 2 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  28. 1 2 3 4 "South Africa's Mother Figures". Washington Post. 19 April 1996. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  29. ↑ Malan, Rian (9 June 2023). "The moral icon and the murderess". Vrye Weekblad (in Afrikaans). Retrieved 03 December 2025
  30. ↑ "Love in a time of burning: Remembering Winnie Mandela". LitNet. 3 April 2018. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  31. ↑ Gilbey, Emma (14 April 1992). "Winnie Mandela's Rise and Fall". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  32. ↑ "I Heard Shots That Killed Asvat, Says Mrs Sisulu". SAPA. 1 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  33. ↑ "Winnie Mandela and the people's doctor". Africa Is a Country. 4 June 2017. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  34. ↑ Seekings, Jeremy (2000). The UDF: A History of the United Democratic Front in South Africa, 1983–1991. New Africa Books. p. 245. ISBN 978-0-86486-403-1.
  35. ↑ "6 Critics of Apartheid Seized in South Africa". Los Angeles Times. 19 February 1985. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  36. ↑ "16 released on bail in South Africa treason trial". UPI. 3 May 1985. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  37. ↑ "South Africans Open A Major Treason Trial". The New York Times. 22 October 1985. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  38. ↑ "South Africa Clears 12 of Treason: Charges Against Most Prominent Foes of Apartheid Dropped". Los Angeles Times. 9 December 1985. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  39. ↑ Rule, Sheila (10 December 1985). "South Africa Ends A Case Against 12". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  40. ↑ "Sisulu and the Unity of Struggle". Washington Post. 11 May 1988. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  41. 1 2 3 Perlez, Jane (27 June 1989). "Apartheid Foe Gets Passport And Is Expected to Meet Bush". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  42. ↑ "Albertina Sisulu addresses a major anti-apartheid rally in London". South African History Online. 15 June 2012. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  43. ↑ "South African Dissident Calls For U.S. Pressure". Washington Post. 30 June 1989. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  44. ↑ "Bush Listens to a True Voice of South Africa". Washington Post. 25 July 1989. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  45. ↑ Green, Pippa (9 June 2011). "Albertina Sisulu's Story of Persecution and Suffering, Love and Triumph". allAfrica. Retrieved 03 December 2025.
  46. ↑ "Winnie Mandela's Defeat In ANC Vote Is Hailed". Christian Science Monitor. 30 April 1991. ISSN 0882-7729. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  47. ↑ Wren, Christopher S. (29 April 1991). "Winnie Mandela Loses Women's League Vote". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  48. ↑ "Shaka Sisulu: The Gogo stories". The Mail & Guardian. 9 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  49. ↑ For Freedom and Equality': Celebrating Women in South African History (PDF). South African History Online. 2011. p. 26.
  50. ↑ Ramaphosa, Cyril (1994). "Report of the Secretary-General to the 49th National Conference". African National Congress. Archived from the original on 24 May 2008. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  51. ↑ "1994 Conference". Nelson Mandela: The Presidential Years. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  52. ↑ "It's a 'New Era,' Says Officially Elected Mandela". Los Angeles Times. 10 May 1994. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  53. ↑ Sisulu, Elinor (15 December 2013). "Nelson Mandela remembered by Elinor Sisulu". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  54. ↑ "More corpses in Winnie's cupboard". The Mail & Guardian. 20 November 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  55. ↑ "Key Witness Backs Madikizela-Mandela". Washington Post. 2 December 1997. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  56. ↑ Daley, Suzanne (2 December 1997). "Panel Hears Evidence Winnie Mandela Sought Doctor's Death". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  57. ↑ "Testimony focuses on Madikizela-Mandela's alleged link to doctor's murder". CNN. 1 December 1997. Archived from the original on 15 August 2018. Retrieved 03 Decemner 2025
  58. ↑ "Asvat murderer in tears". The Mail & Guardian. 1 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  59. 1 2 "Ntsebeza Questions Sisulu's Testimony on Winnie". SAPA. 1 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  60. ↑ "Winnie hearing adjourned after intimidation claims". BBC News. 1 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  61. ↑ "Lies and More Lies at the Truth Commission, Complains Boraine". SAPA. 1 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  62. 1 2 "Sisulu Vindicated at TRC Hearing: Commissioner". SAPA. 4 December 1997. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  63. ↑ "Obituary: Walter Sisulu". The Mail & Guardian. 6 May 2003. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  64. 1 2 Green, Pippa (1990). "Free at last". The Independent. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  65. ↑ "A South Africa Choice: See Husband, or Son". The New York Times. 18 May 1987. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  66. 1 2 Smith, David (3 June 2011). "Albertina Sisulu, one of 'mothers' of liberated South Africa, dies aged 92". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  67. ↑ "Albertina Sisulu: The 'Mother' of South Africa's Freedom Fighters Fights On". Los Angeles Times. 19 July 1992. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  68. ↑ "Black Leaders To Be Released In South Africa". The New York Times. 11 October 1989. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 03 December 2025.
  69. ↑ Sparks, Allister (15 October 1989). "S. Africa Frees Sisulu, 5 Other Black Activists". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  70. ↑ Sisulu, Elinor (15 December 2013). "Nelson Mandela remembered by Elinor Sisulu". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  71. ↑ "MaSisulu: mother in jail, mother in the suburbs". City of Johannesburg. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  72. ↑ Lelyveld, Nita (6 May 2003). "Walter Sisulu, 90; Political Leader Helped Shape Anti-Apartheid Fight". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 3 December 2025
  73. ↑ "'What do I do without you?'". The Mail & Guardian. 18 May 2003. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  74. ↑ Suttner, Raymond (7 February 2003). "A revolutionary love". The Mail & Guardian. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  75. ↑ "Albertina Sisulu: The 'Mother' of South Africa's Freedom Fighters Fights On". Los Angeles Times. 19 July 1992. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  76. ↑ "Albertina Sisulu: South Africa loses a moral compass". BBC News. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  77. 1 2 "Albertina Sisulu 'was truly the mother of the nation'". The Mail & Guardian. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  78. ↑ "A love story ends". The Star. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  79. ↑ "Albertina Sisulu 1918–2011: Tributes". Sunday Times. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  80. ↑ "In quotes: Albertina Sisulu remembered". BBC News. 3 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  81. ↑ "MaSisulu – mother to a nation". Business Day. 3 June 2011. Archived from the original on 5 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  82. ↑ "SA mourns anti-apartheid icon 'Ma' Sisulu". The Namibian. NAMPA. 6 June 2011. Archived from the original on 03 December 2025
  83. ↑ "Sisulu's funeral to be held at Orlando Stadium". The Mail & Guardian. 5 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  84. ↑ "Albertina Sisulu funeral held in South Africa". BBC News. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  85. ↑ "Albertina Sisulu's final journey". The Mail & Guardian. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  86. ↑ "Zuma celebrates Sisulu, the 'outstanding patriot'". The Mail & Guardian. 11 June 2011. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  87. ↑ "Reggio Emilia and SA's liberation struggle". Africa Reggio Emilia Alliance. 3 September 2016. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  88. ↑ "Liberation leaders honoured for their contributions to democracy". University of Johannesburg. 19 April 2007. Archived from the original on 26 September 2007. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  89. ↑ "Four honorary degrees for grad". University of Cape Town. 5 December 2005. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  90. ↑ "Albertina Sisulu Centre Opened in Soweto". BuaNews. 22 October 2003. Retrieved 03 December 2025– via allAfrica.
  91. ↑ "The 10 Greatest South Africans of all time". Bizcommunity. 27 September 2004. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  92. ↑ "Steve Biko, Albertina Sisulu, Beyers Naude honoured as great South Africans". Sowetan. 5 December 2007. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  93. ↑ "Gauteng to rename R21/R24 road to Albertina Sisulu Drive, 30 Aug". South African Government. 28 August 2007. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  94. ↑ "R21 renamed Albertina Sisulu". News24. 30 August 2007. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  95. ↑ "Ma Sisulu's name to be on 18 Joburg streets". IOL. 10 September 2008. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  96. ↑ Maseng, Kabelo (21 October 2013). "Market Street makes way for Albertina Sisulu". Rosebank Killarney Gazette. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  97. 1 2 "Albertina Sisulu Road heralds a new era". IOL. 8 July 2013. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  98. ↑ "Zuma renames R24 after struggle hero". South African Government News Agency. 20 October 2013. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  99. ↑ "Gent eert anti-apartheidsleiders met straatnamen bij de Krook". HLN (in Dutch). 24 October 2014. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  100. ↑ "South Africa honours Albertina Sisulu". Vuk'uzenzele. May 2019. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  101. ↑ "Stamps for Ma Albertina Sisulu". News24. 26 February 2019. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  102. ↑ "Orchid to be named after Albertina Sisulu". Jacaranda FM. 6 July 2018. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  103. ↑ "Women honour Albertina Sisulu". Sowetan. 11 November 2018. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  104. ↑ "UNICEF salutes the legacy of Albertina Sisulu". UNICEF South Africa. 25 August 2018. Retrieved 03 December 2025
  105. ↑ "Minister launches science centre". News24. 14 October 2021. Retrieved 03 December 2025
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