Mathangwane

Mathangwane
Mathangwane
	Mathangwane (Botswana)
Kgaolo	Central
Setshaba	5918 (2022)

Mathangwane ke motse wa Botswana o o fitlhelwang mo kgaolong ya legare, o tsamaisiwa ke kgaolo-potlana ya khansele ya Tutume.^[2] Motse o o ka nna dikhilomithara di le masome a mabedi le botlhano kwa bophirima jwa Francistown go bapa le tsela e kgolo ya A3, o mo kgolaganong ya dinoka tsa Shashe le Vukwi. E fitlhelwa thata mo lotshitshing lwa molema lwa noka ya Shashe. Go ya ka Palo ya Batho le Matlo ya 2011, Mathangwane o ne a na le baagi ba le 5,075.^[3]

Motse ono o tlhaolwa ke mekgatšha ya one e mentsi ya dinoka, e e bopilweng thata ke melatswana ya Noka ya Shashe. Mekgatšha eno ka tlwaelo e dira jaaka melelwane ya tlholego ya dikgotlana tsa motse, tse mo lefelong la bone di bidiwang dikgotlana.

Ditso

Motse o go tswa mo ditsong ke bonno jwa morafe wa kalanga mme ka setso o laolwa ke She Itekeng Mongwaketsi Mathangwane.^[4] Ka 2008, go ne ga itsisiwe dithulaganyo tsa go gopola dingwaga di le lekgolo tsa motse o, le fa dintlha tsa meletlo e di sa ntse di sa tlhaloganyesege sentle.^[5]

Ditiragalo tsa bofelo jwa lekgolo la bo masome mabedi la dingwaga

Ka dingwaga tsa bo 1980, borogo jo bo tshesane jwa ntlha jo bo neng bo feta Noka ya Shashe—e e neng e le kgolagano e e botlhokwa le Francistown—bo ne jwa itsege thata ka dikotsi tse di neng di diragala gangwe le gape. Ditumelabotlhodi ka ga moya o o bosula o o tlhorontshang borogo jono di ne tsa anama thata go fitlha bo emisediwa ka jone mo bogareng jwa dingwaga tsa bo 1990. Borogo jo bosha jo bo nang le mela e mebedi bo ne jwa tokafatsa pabalesego thata, jwa emisa mokgwa o o sa bolong go nna teng wa dikotsi.

Kgolo ya baagi le diphetogo tsa lefatshe

Morago ga go tlhomiwa ga Francistown jaaka toropo ka 1997 le mathata a itsholelo le a sepolotiki a Zimbabwe, Mathangwane e ne ya itemogela kgolo e e bonako ya baagi. Bafaladi ba ne ba akaretsa baagi ba Botswana go tswa kwa merafeng e mengwe ba ba neng ba batla matlo a a rekegang gaufi le Francistown le batshabi ba Zimbabwe ba ba neng ba tshaba pogiso. Go tsena moo go ne ga dira gore puso e abele gape dikarolo tsa lefatshe la temothuo la baagi ba tlholego gore le dirisiwe ke batho ba ba sa tswang go goroga, mme seo sa tsosa dikgotlhang tsa selegae.^[6]

Go rulaganngwa sesha ga dipolotiki

Ka 2003, Mathangwane e ne ya nna ntlokgolo ya Kgaolo ya botlhophi e e neng e sa tswa go tlhamiwa ya Tonota-Bokone morago ga gore dikgaolo tsa botlhophi tsa palamente tsa Botswana di atologe go tswa go masome mane go ya go masome matlhano le bosupa.^[7] Le fa go ntse jalo, morago ga dikopano tse di neng di gotetse tsa Kgotla (kopano ya setso ya setšhaba), banni ba ne ba gana leina la "Tonota-Bokone" jaaka le sa tsamaisane le setso. Moragonyana kgaolo ya botlhophi e ne ya bidiwa Shashe-Bophirima go supa boitshupo jwa selegae.^[8]

Seemo sa Loapi

Moalo wa Seemo sa Loapi

Tshedimosetso ya Seemo sa Loapi ya Mathangwane
Kgwedi	Fir	Tlh	Mop	Mor	Mot	See	Phu	Pha	Lwe	Pha	Ngw	Mor	Ngwaga
Rekote e e kwa godimo °C (°F)	30.1 (86.2)	29.4 (84.9)	29.1 (84.4)	27.4 (81.3)	25.3 (77.5)	22.3 (72.1)	22.7 (72.9)	25.4 (77.7)	29 (84)	31.5 (88.7)	30.8 (87.4)	29.7 (85.5)	27.73 (81.91)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)	24.1 (75.4)	23.5 (74.3)	22.7 (72.9)	20.5 (68.9)	16.9 (62.4)	13.9 (57.0)	14.2 (57.6)	16.8 (62.2)	20.7 (69.3)	24 (75)	24.3 (75.7)	23.9 (75.0)	20.46 (68.83)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)	18.2 (64.8)	17.7 (63.9)	16.4 (61.5)	13.6 (56.5)	8.6 (47.5)	5.6 (42.1)	5.7 (42.3)	8.2 (46.8)	12.4 (54.3)	16.5 (61.7)	17.9 (64.2)	18.1 (64.6)	13.24 (55.83)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	102 (4.0)	91 (3.6)	49 (1.9)	27 (1.1)	5 (0.2)	2 (0.1)	0 (0)	1 (0.0)	8 (0.3)	26 (1.0)	66 (2.6)	90 (3.5)	467 (18.4)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm)	10	7	5	2	0	0	0	0	1	3	7	9	44
Average relative humidity (%)	60	60	60	51	48	49	45	38	32	34	43	52	48
Motswedi: Climate-Data.org,^[9] Mathangwane e itemogetse mogote o o kwa godimo ya rekoto ka Firikgong 2016^[10]

Setsuatsue sa Dineo (2017)

Ka Tlhakole 2017, Setsuatsue sa Dineo se ne sa baka merwalela e e masisi kwa Mathangwane le mafelo a a mabapi.^[11] Sefefo seo se sentse thata tsela e kgolo ya A3 e e fa gare ga Francistown le Sebina Junction, ga mmogo le dikarolo tse di kwa bokone jwa motse go tswa kwa Nata go ya kwa Gweta. Go tswalwa ga ditsela ka nakwana go ne ga tsenngwa tirisong ka ntlha ya matshwenyego a pabalesego, go kgoreletsa pharakano ya kgaolo.^[12] Go diega ga dipaakanyo ke Lephata la Dipalamo le Ditlhaeletsano go dirile gore go nne le maemo a a kotsi mo ditseleng, mme seo sa dira gore dikotsi tsa dikoloi tse di bolayang batho di oketsege gaufi le Mathangwane.^[13]^[14]

Ditlamelo

Dikolo

Mathangwane o na le dikolo tse dipotlana di le pedi (Sekolo se se botlana sa Mathangwane le se se botlana sa Mpatane), sekolo se segolwane se le sengwe (Sekole se segolwane sa Chamabona) le mafelo a mabedi a go tlhokomela bana motshegare. Sekolo se segolwane, se kwa tshimologong se neng se bidiwa Chamabona Community Junior Secondary School, se ne sa tsenngwa ka botlalo mo thulaganyong ya thuto ya puso mo tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 2000.

Fa ba sena go wetsa ditlhatlhobo tsa setlankana se sebotlana, baithuti ka tlwaelo ba ikwadisa kwa dikolong tse dikgolwane tse di mo mafelong a a mabapi, go akaretsa le Sekolo sa Noka ya Shashe, Kholetšhe ya Mater Spei, Kholetšhe ya Baagi ya Tutume McConnell, kgotsa Sekolo se Segolwane sa Masunga. Phitlhelelo e e lekanyeditsweng ya thuto e kgolwane ya selegae go tswa mo ditsong go beile kgatelelo ya itsholelo mo malwapeng a letseno le le kwa tlase, mme seo se dirile gore go nne le dikelo tse di kwa godimo tsa go tlogela sekolo le go sa dire sentle mo ditlhatlhobong tsa Mophatlo wa Botlhano.

Ditsela

Tsela e kgolo ya A3 e feta mo motseng, mme ditsela tsotlhe tse di mo teng ga di a tsenngwa sekontiri mme gantsi ga di tsamaege ka nako ya dipula tse di maatla. Mekgatšha ya dinoka e e sa tsenngwang borogo e gakatsa dikgwetlho tsa go tsamaya ka dipaka tsa dipula ka ntlha ya morwalela wa tshoganyetso.

Ka 2007, go ne ga itsisiwe maano a Mmandunyane-Shashe Mooke-Borolong-Chadibe-Mathangwane a a boleele jwa dikilometara di le 70 ), a a neng a ikaeletse go tokafatsa mafaratlhatlha a selegae.^[15] Arup Botswana e ne ya newa konteraka ya porojeke eno, mme kago e ne ya emisiwa go ya go ile ka ntlha ya mathata a kabo ya madi ka nako ya mathata a madi a 2008.^[16]

Lefelo la bookelo

Lefelo le le nosi la tlhokomelo ya botsogo la motse ke Kokelwana ya Mathangwane, e e nang le baoki ba kakaretso le ngaka ya kalafi ya nakwana. Fa e sale ka 2000, ditlhabololo di akareditse phaposi ya pelegi le kharabene e e tsamayang e e dirang jaaka Voluntary HIV Counselling and Testing (VCT).^[17] Lenaneo la bosetšhaba la HIV/AIDS la Botswana, le le akgolwang ke Lekgotla la Lefatshe la Botsogo ka ntlha ya go tsenngwa mo tirisong ga lone ga kalafi ya antiretroviral ka bontsi, le tshegetsa letsholo leno.^[18] Balwetse ba ba lwalang thata ba romelwa kwa kokelong ya Nyangabwe Referral (Francistown), fa dikgang tse di masisi tsa tlhaloganyo di fetisediwa kwa kokelong ya Jubilee.

Metsi a a nowang

Mathangwane e ne ya golaganngwa le tlamelo ya metsi ya Letamo la Shashe ka 2001, mme seno sa dira gore go tlhabololwe lefelo la go phepafatsa la letamo go fitlhelela tlhokego.^[19] Pele ga 2010, ditirelo tsa metsi di ne di tsamaisiwa ka Tutume (75 km go tswa foo). Fa e sale Koporasi ya Ditirelo tsa Metsi (WUC), e tsaya taolo ka fa tlase ga Lenaneo la Diphetogo tsa Lekala la Metsi, lefelo la selegae la tirelo ya bareki la WUC le ntse le dira mo motseng.

Dikgwetlho

Ditirelo tse di sa phatlaladitsweng: Baagi ba fitlhelela mananeo a puso kwa ditoropong tse di kgakala (sekai, Francistown, Tonota, Tutume), mme seno se fokotsa go tsaya karolo.
Komiti ya Tlhabololo ya Motse (VDC) e e sa direng sentle: Go farologana le metse e e bapisiwang, Mathangwane e tlhaela diporojeke tsa baagi (sekai, ditale tse di hirisiwang, holo ya baagi) ka ntlha ya go tsenngwa ga VDC mo dipolotiking. Gantsi baithaopi ba baya dikeletso tsa bone tsa sepolotiki kwa pele ga maiteko a tlhabololo.

Dipalopalo

Popego ya baagi

Mathangwane o kgaogantswe ka dikgotlana tsa morafe (dikgotlana), nngwe le nngwe e laolwa ke kgosi e potlana (Kgosana). Dikgotla tsa motheo di akaretsa:

Mathangwane (kgotla e kgolo),
Mpatane,
Nkuelegwa,
Mashungwa,
Matshegong/Mathiwa (e e bidiwang Palamakuwe ka puo ya tlwaelo, leina la botsalano le le tswang mo go itsegeng ga kgotla ka dikokoano tse di matlhagatlhaga tsa loago mo masimologong a bo1980).

Go ne ga tlhagelela dikgotlana tse dingwe fa motse o ntse o atologa. Go fitlha kwa tshimologong ya dingwaga tsa bo 2000, Hobona—bonno jo bo dikhilomitara di le lesome kwa bophirima jwa Mathangwane go bapa le tsela ya Francistown-Nata—o ne o dira jaaka nngwe ya dikgotlana tsa bogologolo, go ya ka ditso e ne e eteletswe pele ke Kgosana Seitshwenyeng Hobona.

Mealo ya bonno ya setso

Go ka direga gore bonno kwa Mathangwane bo tlhabologile ka ntlha ya go fitlhelela metsi a a sa feleng go tswa kwa dinokeng tsa Shashe le Vukwi. Kwa bokhutlong jwa lekgolo la bomasome mabedi la dingwaga, motse ono o ne o aname go bapa le mabopo a noka a a kwa bokone le a a kwa borwa, mme go na le ditsha tsa temothuo tsa dipaka tse di rileng kwa bophirima. Lotshitshi lwa botlhaba lwa noka ya Shashe le wela mo kgaolong ya Bokone Botlhaba mme lo tserwe thata ke dipolase tsa kgwebo le dipolase tse di tsamaisiwang go tswa kwa Masunga.

Kgolo ya baagi le diporojeke tsa go aga metsi tse di neng di eteletswe pele ke puso ka dingwaga tsa bo 2000 di ne tsa tlhotlheletsa kabo ya lefatshe la bonno mo mafelong a bophirima a a neng a dirisiwa pele ke balemibarui ba selegae ba ba itshedisang. Lefelo le le ne la itsege ka tsela e e sa rulaganngwang jaaka New Xadi, e leng tshupiso ya mananeo a puso ya Botswana a go fudusetsa merafe ya San e e neng e fudusitswe kwa Central Kalahari Game Reserve.^[20]

Dipolotiki

Tshekatsheko ya ditso

Lekoko la Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) le ntse le laola ditlhopho tsa puso ya selegae ya Mathangwane fa e sale Botswana e bona boipuso ka 1965, mme la tlhoma motse ono jaaka kago ya phemelo ya BDP. Mfi Chite, o simolotse tiro ka Phalane 1974 morago ga paakanyo ya molaomotheo ya 1972 e e neng ya kopanya Borolong, Chadibe, Makobo, Mathangwane, Natale, le Shashe Mooke go nna kgotla e le nngwe ya puso ya selegae, e e kgaoganeng le Tonota. Setlhopha se se ne sa phatlaladiwa ka bontlhabongwe ka 1982, mme Borolong, Natale le Shashemoke tsa tlosiwa go bopa dikgotla tse di farologaneng. Mfi Chite o ne a nna le setilo sa BDP ka ditlhopho tsa kakaretso tsa 1979 le 1984 pele ga a tlogela tiro ka 1989. Motlhatlhami wa gagwe, Mfi Rabeka Hulela, o ne a direla go fitlha a tlhokafala ka 1998, morago ga moo ba setilo se ne sa nna se sena ope go fitlha Mfi Tabona Munyadzwe (BDP) a fenya ditlhopho tsa 1999.

Ka 2000, Ookame Ntobedzi (BDP) o ne a bona kgotlana mo ditlhophong tsa tlaleletso morago ga loso lwa ga Munyadzwe.^[21] Tlhabololo ya molaotheo ya 2003 e ne ya kgaoganya Mathangwane go nna Mathangwane Bokone le Mathangwane Borwa. BDP e ne ya nna le manno ka bobedi mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa 2004, mme Ntobedzi a ne a emetse kgaolo ya borwa mme Mfi Gilbert Nkhukhu e le kgaolo ya bokone. Morago ga loso lwa ga Nkhukhu ka 2007, Ipuseng Chikanda (BDP) o ne a fenya ditlhopho tsa tlaleletso tsa Mathangwane Bokone, a tsweledisa taolo ya lekoko.^[22]

Diphetogo tsa ditlhopho (2009–2010)

Ditlhopho tsa setshaba tsa 2009 di ne tsa tshwaya phetogo e e sa tlwaelegang fa lekoko la Botswana Congress Party (BCP) le ne la tsaya dikgotla tseo ka bobedi. Kwa Mathangwane Borwa, James Dlamini (BCP) o ne a fenya Ntobedzi, fa Kenosi Mabalane (BCP) a ne a ntsha Chikanda mo setilong kwa Mathangwane Bokone. Tatlhegelo eno e e neng e ise e ko e nne teng ya BDP e ne ya dira gore kganetso e latofatse ka tiriso e e sa siamang ya ditsompelo tsa puso ka nako ya ditlhopho tsa tlaleletso tsa palamente tsa Tonota-North tsa 2010, tse BDP e neng ya feleletsa e di fentse.^[23]^[24]^[25]^[26]^[27]

Go boa ga BDP (2014–2019)

Ka 2014, melelwane ya dikgaolotlhopho e ne ya baakanngwa: Tonota Bokone e ne ya bidiwa Shashe-Bophirima, mme dikgotla tse pedi tsa Mathangwane di ne tsa kopana go nna selo se le sengwe (Kgotla ya Mathangwane) morago ga go tlosa Chadibe le Hobona. BDP e ne ya bona taolo gape mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa 2014, ka nako ya fa Nehemiah Gerald Hulela a ne a fenya Mabalane. Loso lwa ga Hulela ka Ngwanatsele a le masome mabedi le botlhano 2018 lo ne lwa tlogela kgotla esena moemedi go fitlha ka ditlhopho tsa 2019, mme seno sa boeletsa phatlha e e tshwanang ya morago ga loso lwa ga Mfi Hulela ka 1998.^[28]^[29] jaaka ka 1998.

Pele ga ditlhopho tsa 2019

Pele ga ditlhopho tsa 2019, mopalamente wa BDP Hon. Fidelis MacDonald Molao o itsisitse go tsosolosiwa ga Tsela ya Mmandunyane-Shashe Mooke-Borolong-Chadibe-Mathangwane e e neng e eme tsi, e atolositswe go nna dikhilomithara di le 82 mme e golagane le Makobo le Natale. Puso e ne ya baakanya lebaka la yone la go diega, e umaka go fudusiwa ga magae go na le mathata a matlole a 2008.^[30] Baithaopi ba babedi ba pele ba Komiti ya Tlhabololo ya Motse (VDC) ba ne ba gaisana mo setilong sa kgotlana ka fa tlase ga BDP le Umbrella for Democratic Change (UDC), se se supang go tsenngwa ga komiti mo dipolotiking.

Maduo a ditlhopho tsa 2019

BDP e ne ya tsaya gape Kgotla ya Mathangwane, mme Hon. Samora Gabaake o bone ditalama di le 1 250 kgatlhanong le Thabani Modisaotsile wa UDC (ditalama di le 1 022).^[31] Lekoko leo gape le ne la nna le setilo sa palamente ya Shashe-West, ka gonne Molao o ne a gapa ditalama di le 7 181, a feta Alfred Alfa Mashungwa wa UDC (ditalama di le 5 911), Gaorewe Keagile wa Alliance for Progressives (ditalama di le 608), le Blackie Master wa Botswana Patriotic Front (ditalama di le 483).^[32]^[33]

Madirelo

Temo le leruo

Itsholelo ya Mathangwane e ikaegile ka temothuo, mme mafelo a a mabapi a tletse ka temo ya dijalo le thuo ya dikgomo. Dipolase tse dinnye tsa dikoko le merogo di tlamela ka dikungo kwa Francistown le kwa mebarakeng ya selegae.

Kgwebo le ditirelo

Mathangwane o tlhoka lefelo le legolo la mabenkele mme o amogela setlhopha sa dikgwebo tse di sa tlhomamang go bapa le tsela ya Francistown–Nata. A akaretsa mabenkele a a rekisang diaparo, dijo tse di apewang ka bonako, bojalwa, dilo tsa go aga le dikarolo tsa dikoloi. Disalon tsa moriri tsa dipaka, tse di dirang ka ditaele tsa moriri tse di nang le popego ya Afro, di atlega ka dinako tsa meletlo. Lekala le lennye mme le tlhomame le akaretsa dikgwebo tsa go bopa ditena tse di tlhagisang ditena tse di gateletsweng ka konkoreite go aga matlo.

Ditirelo tsa kgwebo jaaka go dira ditshipi, go tsenya diphaephe, go aga ditena, le go tsenya motlakase di tlamelwa ke badiri ba ba ikemetseng ba ba dirang mo teng ga lekala le le sa tlhomamang.

Thekiso ya matlo le kago

Go nna gaufi le Francistown go dirile gore go batlwe matlo, ka go tla ga badiri ba toropo ba ba batlang matlo a go hirisa kgotsa go reka lefatshe. Se se dirile gore boleng jwa dithoto bo tlhatloge ka bonako mo motseng. Le fa go ntse jalo, kgolo mo go tlhameng ditiro semmuso e sa ntse e le kwa tlase.

Dikgwetlho

Dieelo tse di kwa godimo tsa bosenyi di kgoreleditse bonno jwa leruri le go kgoreletsa tlhabololo ya dikgwebopotlana, go kgoreletsa pharologano e e anameng ya itsholelo.^[34]

Metshameko

Kgwele ya dinao

Kgwele ya dinao ke motshameko o o tumileng thata mo Mathangwane. Motse o tshwara Kgaisano ya Kgwele ya Dinao ya Moletlo wa Mathangwane ngwaga le ngwaga, e e simololang ka Sedimonthole a le masome mabedi le botlhano ka metshameko ya ditlhopha e e simololang.^[35] Kgaisano eno e na le ditlhopha tse pedi tsa ditlhopha di le tlhano tse di gaisanang ka mokgwa wa tikologo, o mo go one setlhopha sengwe le sengwe se rulaganyeditsweng go ya kwa setlhopha sengwe le sengwe se tshamekang metshameko e le mene mo teng ga setlhopha sa sone. Ditlhopha di bona dintlha di le tharo fa di fenya, e le nngwe fa di tshameka maleka, mme ga di bone epe fa di latlhegetswe. Ditlhopha tse pedi tse di kwa godimo go tswa mo setlhopheng sengwe le sengwe di tswelela kwa kgatong ya go kgaola, e e tshwarwang ka Letsatsi la Ngwaga o Mosha. Kgato ya go kgaola e akaretsa di-semi-final (bafenyi ba setlhopha kgatlhanong le bafenyi ba maemo a bobedi), playoff ya maemo a boraro (e e dirang jaaka curtain-raiser, le makgaolakgang go tlhomamisa mmampodi.

Ketleetso le dietsele

Dikgwebo tsa selegae le batho ka bongwe ba tshegetsa kgaisano eno ka madi, ba ntsha madi a moputso wa diphitlhelelo tse di jaaka "Monosi wa dino yo o Kwa Godimo" le "Motshameki wa Kgaisano." Ditlhopha tse tharo tse di kwa godimo di newa dietsele (tsa gauta, tsa selefera le tsa boronse), fa tse di leng bommampodi tsone di nna le sekgele go fitlha ka kgaisano e e latelang.

Dithulaganyo le matlole

Babogedi ba duela madi a go tsena, mme barekisi ba duela madi a mantsi. Madi a akaretsa dituelo tsa molaolamotshameko, tshireletso ya letsatsi la bofelo, le dithulaganyo. Ka nako ya dikgato tsa setlhopha, tshireletso e laolwa ke baemedi ba setlhopha. Metshameko e tshwarelwa mo lebaleng le le lengwe la go tshameka, ka palogare ya metshameko e le mene letsatsi le letsatsi ka go ikhutsa ga nakwana, mme e konelwa kwa bokhutlong jwa ngwaga.

Boipuso jwa Botswana jwa Dingwaga di le masome a matlhano

Mathangwane o ne a keteka ngwaga wa bo masome matlhano wa boipuso jwa Botswana ka Lwetse a le masome mararo 2016, mmogo le metse lefatshe ka bophara.^[36] Go ne ga tshwarelwa meletlo kwa Kgotleng e Kgolo, kwa go neng ga bulwa letlapa la segopotso gaufi le lefelo leo. Tiragalo eno e ne e na le dipontsho tsa dikereke tsa lefelo leo, ditlhopha tsa mebino ya setso, le bagolwane ba motse ba ba emetseng kgotlana nngwe le nngwe, ba ba neng ba ntsha ba ba neng ba le teng ka dipina, mebino le maboko bodutu. Tiragalo e e ne e le la ntlha mo ditsong tsa bosheng gore Kgotlakgolo e fitlhelele bokgoni jo bo tletseng, mme ya ngoka batho ba bantsi ba ba sa tlwaelesegang go tswa mo basheng le bagolwane.

Ditshedimosetso tse dingwe

Metswedi

↑ "Population and Housing Census 2022: Population of Cities, Towns and Districts". Statistics Botswana. 2022-06-10. Retrieved 2022-06-07.
↑ "Tutume Sub Council Members". Archived from the original on 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
↑ 2011 Alphabetical Index of Villages Archived 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Central Statistics Office
↑ "Botswana Donor : Kgosi (Chief) Itekeng Mathangwane ~ A Gift of Land". Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.
↑ Mathangwane Hits Centenary Mark, Mmegi Online
↑ Available Land in Botswana Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine
↑ History of the Parliament Archived 13 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Parliament of Botswana
↑ Villagers request name changed
↑ "Climate data for cities worldwide". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.
↑ "Botswana: Heat Wave Breaks Maximum Temperature Records".
↑ Cyclone Dineo to trigger weekend downpours
↑ A3 road along Nata village damaged in the wake of flash floods
↑ Fatal car crash on A3 highway.
↑ Cyclone Dineo leaves P572m bill for roads.
↑ "Central District Council Projects" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.
↑ Central District Council Prioritises Projects
↑ HIV and AIDS in Botswana
↑ WHO estimate of number of people requiring treatment in Botswana
↑ Water treatment plant upgrade
↑ "Statement by Ditshwanelo - The Botswana Centre For Human Rights" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
↑ "Mathangwane bye-election on Saturday (August 26, 2000)". Archived from the original on 11 March 2002. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.
↑ Why opposition parties lost Mathangwane
↑ Tonota-North has been regarded as a safe haven for the ruling party
↑ "Molao wins Tonota-North". Archived from the original on 22 December 2010. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.
↑ The Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) has retained the Tonota North parliamentary seat
↑ Hobona has a chance in Tonota North
↑ "BNF supports BCP at Tonota-North". Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.
↑ Shashe-West Constituency Representatives
↑ The 2019 Botswana general elections, early arrival!
↑ Mandunyane-Mathangwane road to cost P750 million
↑ "Botswana 2019 General Elections REPORT - Document Page Number 57" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-06-08. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
↑ Triumphant Molao Decries Loss of 3 Wards
↑ "Botswana 2019 General Elections REPORT - Document Page Number 40" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-06-08. Retrieved 2025-10-08.
↑ Choppers will boost war on crime - Tsimako
↑ Festive soccer spectacles return bigger
↑ "History of democracy in Botswana". Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.

[1] "Population and Housing Census 2022: Population of Cities, Towns and Districts". Statistics Botswana. 2022-06-10. Retrieved 2022-06-07.

[2] "Tutume Sub Council Members". Archived from the original on 2020-09-29. Retrieved 2025-10-08.

[3] 2011 Alphabetical Index of Villages Archived 23 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, Central Statistics Office

[4] "Botswana Donor : Kgosi (Chief) Itekeng Mathangwane ~ A Gift of Land". Archived from the original on 31 August 2011. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.

[5] Mathangwane Hits Centenary Mark, Mmegi Online

[6] Available Land in Botswana Archived 6 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine

[7] History of the Parliament Archived 13 October 2010 at the Wayback Machine, Parliament of Botswana

[8] Villagers request name changed

[9] "Climate data for cities worldwide". Climate-Data.org. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.

[10] "Botswana: Heat Wave Breaks Maximum Temperature Records".

[11] Cyclone Dineo to trigger weekend downpours

[12] A3 road along Nata village damaged in the wake of flash floods

[13] Fatal car crash on A3 highway.

[14] Cyclone Dineo leaves P572m bill for roads.

[15] "Central District Council Projects" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 15 March 2012. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.

[16] Central District Council Prioritises Projects

[17] HIV and AIDS in Botswana

[18] WHO estimate of number of people requiring treatment in Botswana

[19] Water treatment plant upgrade

[20] "Statement by Ditshwanelo - The Botswana Centre For Human Rights" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2025-10-08.

[21] "Mathangwane bye-election on Saturday (August 26, 2000)". Archived from the original on 11 March 2002. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.

[22] Why opposition parties lost Mathangwane

[23] Tonota-North has been regarded as a safe haven for the ruling party

[24] "Molao wins Tonota-North". Archived from the original on 22 December 2010. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.

[25] The Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) has retained the Tonota North parliamentary seat

[26] Hobona has a chance in Tonota North

[27] "BNF supports BCP at Tonota-North". Archived from the original on 11 July 2011. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.

[28] Shashe-West Constituency Representatives

[29] The 2019 Botswana general elections, early arrival!

[30] Mandunyane-Mathangwane road to cost P750 million

[31] "Botswana 2019 General Elections REPORT - Document Page Number 57" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-06-08. Retrieved 2025-10-08.

[32] Triumphant Molao Decries Loss of 3 Wards

[33] "Botswana 2019 General Elections REPORT - Document Page Number 40" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-06-08. Retrieved 2025-10-08.

[34] Choppers will boost war on crime - Tsimako

[35] Festive soccer spectacles return bigger

[36] "History of democracy in Botswana". Archived from the original on 6 October 2016. Retrieved 8 Phalane 2025.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

[29]

[30]

[31]

[32]

[33]

[34]

[35]

[36]