Phetogo ya seemo sa loapi kwa Kenya

Tsenya dikgolaganyo
Go tswa ko Wikipedia
Phetogo ya seemo sa loapi kwa Kenya
Tea pickers in Kenya's Mount Kenya region, for the Two Degrees Up project, to look at the impact of climate change on agriculture.

Phetogo ya seemo sa loapi ke matshosetsi a a tsweletseng ka go golela pele mo kgolong ya itsholelo[1] le go tshegetsa tikologo. Mafatshe a a tlhabologang ebile a le ko tlase mo go itepatepanyeng le seemo gape a tshabelelwa ke go amega, a amega thata. Phetogo ya loapi kwa Kenya e tsweletse ka go ama matshelo a batho ba Kenya le tikologo.[1] Phetogo ya loapi e bakile diemo tsa bosa tse di maswe thata jaaka komelelo e e tsayang lobaka go gaisa jaaka go tlwaelesegile, pula e e nang ka fa go sa tlwaelesegang ebile e na e sa solofelwa, merwalela le mogote o o tsweletseng ka go golela pele.

Ditlamorago tsa phetogo e ya loapi di okeditse mathata a a ntseng a le teng a tlhomamisego ya metsi, tlhomamisego ya dijo, le kgolo ya itsholelo. Thobo le tsa temothuo tse e leng 33% [2]ya dipoelo tsa tse di dirwang mo gae,[3] le tsone di mo kotsing. Mogote o o goletseng kwa godimo, go farologana ga ka fa pula e nang ka teng mo mafelong a sekaka le a a omeletseng bontlha bongwe, le diphefo tse di nonofileng tsedi amangwang le ditsuatsue, ke maemo a a bakang go gola le go fuduga ga disenyi.[4] Koketsego ya mogote go ya kwa go 2.5 degrees celcius ka ngwaga wa 2050, go akanyediwa fa go tla baka gore seemo sa bosa se se maswe jaaka merwalela le komelelo di direge kgapetsakgapetsa.[1]

Diemo tse di mogote ebile di omeletse kwa go leng sekaka le kwa go omeletseng bontlha bongwe di dira gore merwalela le komelelo tse di bakiwang ke phetgo ya seemo sa bosa e e maswe go nne diphatsa le go gaisa. Baagi ba ba nnang gaufi le metswedi ya metsi ba setse ba itemogela tlhatlogo ya metsi a lewatle le mathata a mangwe jaaka go kgotlhelwa ga metsi a a nowang ke metsi a a letswai a lewatle.[1] Dinoka tsa Victoria, Turkana le tse dingwe di oketsegile ka botona ka dingwaga tsa 2010 go tsena ka 2020,[5] di baka merwalela mo baaging ba ba nnang go bapa le dinoka tseo.[6] Dilo tse tsotlhe di ama batho ba ab mo kotsing jaaka batho ba ba senang ditshono, jaaka bomme le basha.[3]

Kgaso ya gase e e borai[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Phetogo ya seemo sa loapi kwa Kenya
The annual fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions, in million metric tons of carbon, for a variety of non-overlapping regions covering the Earth.

Kgaso ya gase e e borai ya ngwaga le ngwaga kwa Kenya e ko tlase ga 1 tonne motho ka bongwe ka bongwe,[7] mme e nne kwa tlase ga 100 million tonnes ka ngwaga,[8] [9][10]boraro jwa yone bo tswa mo kgaolong ya ditlhare.[11] Ka ngwaga wa 2020, Lefatshe la Kenya le ne la isa selekanyo se mafatshe a mangwe a ka kopang mo go sone (Forest Reference Level) kwa UNFCCC.[12]

Sephatlho sa motlakase wa Kenya o fetlhilwe ka metsi. Le fa go ntse jalo, ka go fetlhiwa le go isiwa ga motlakase kwa bathong go sa ikanyege, dikompone ste di fetlhang motlakase di fetlha motlakase wa tlaleletso ka ditukisi tsa tlholego. Komelelo le go oketsega ga go fetoga ga metsi go nna mowa le phokotsego ya go fetlha motlakase ka metsi, mo go tla oketsang tiriso ya metswedi ya motlakase e e kgotlhelang.[13]

Ditiro tsa batho di oketsa nonofo ya gase e e borai e e nang le seabe mo phetogong ya loapi, bogolo jang carbon dioxide e e tswang mo go tshubeng ditukisi tsa tlholego:magala,lookwane le gase ya tlholego.

Tlhotlheletso mo tikologong ya tlholego[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Mogote le phetogo ya seemo sa bosa[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Selekanyo sa mogote se ntse se golela pele ngwaga le ngwaga fa e sale ka ngwaga wa 2000 go ya ka tshedimosetso ya satalite.[14] Tshekatsheko ya mekgwa ya seemo sa loapi kwa dikakeng le mafelo a a omeletseng ka nako tse dingwe kwa Kenya, e supa go ya kwa godimo ga mogote le go ya tlase ga pula go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1977 go tsena ka 2014.[15] Tlhotlheletso ya phetogo ya seemo sa loapi e solofelwa fa e tla bonala thata kwa dikakeng le mafelo a a omelelang ka dinako tse dingwe (ASALs), kwa itsholelo le botshelo jwa mo gae di ikaegileng ka ditiro tse di amiwang thata ke phetogo ya loapi, jaaka go fula ga dihutshane le go tlhagolela pula.

Koketsego ya mogote, go farologana ga ka fa pula e nang ka teng le diphefo tse di mashetla mo go amangwang le ditsuatsue ke maemo a a bakang go gola le go fuduga ga disenyi.Sekai, ka dingwaga tsa 2020 di simologa, mafelo mangwe kwa Kenya le mafatshe a a mabapi mo botlhaba jwa Aforika a itemogetse go thelegela ga tsie.[4] Le fa go amanya ditshedi le phetogo ysa seemo sa loapi go le thata, phetogo ya seemo sa loapi e itsege ka kgonagalo ya go fetola go ja le go thelegela ga ditshedi dingwe.

Phetogo ya seemo sa loapi kwa Kenya
NASA-Satellite-sea-level-rise-observations
Maranyanehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:NASA-Satellite-sea-level-rise-observations.jpg

Tlhatlogo ya metsi a lewatle[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Mo nakong eno, go tlhatloga ga metsi a lewatlego kwa go 3mm ngwaga le ngwaga. Kgaolo nngwe le nngwe e farologana le e nngwe ka jaana diphefo le makhubu a lewatle di farologana, ebile di kgona go tsaya malatsi go ya kwa dikgweding kana dingwaga tse di lesome.

Mafelo a a gaufi le mawatle a lebanwe ke dikgwetlho ka ntlha ya tlhatlogo ya metsi a lewatle. Tlhatlhogo e fa e kopanngwa le ditsuatsue di isa metsi kwa godimo le go gaisa. Go ya kwa godimo ga metsi mo go feteletseng ke kgwetlho e tona mo bathong ba le dibilione tse pedi le borataro kwa lewatleng la indian Ocean.[16] 17% wa diheketara tse di dikete di le nne le makgolo a le mararo kwa Mombasa o lebanwe ke dikgwetlho tsa tlhatlhogo ya metsi a lewatle ya 30 centimeters.[13]

Tlhatlogo ya metsi a lewatle e ka nna ya baka tshenyo ya dikago go akaretsa le maemelo a dikepe le madirelo a a mo kgaolong tse di gaufi le lewatle fa go sena maano a a diriwang a go itepatepanya le seemo. E ka baka gape koketsego ya phatlhalatso ya metsi a a sa babalesegang le mathata a kgopo ya leswe, ka mafika a metsi a kgotlhelesegile.

Phetogo ya seemo sa loapi kwa Kenya
River Shaba in Shaba National Reserve – one of the water resources that will be affected by climate change in Kenya

Tlhotlheletso mo metsweding ya metsi[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Go busediwa ga metsi mo didibeng, tse e leng tsone motswedi o mogolo wa metsi mo Aforika, go tshosediwa ke phokotsego ya pula.[17] Selekanyo sa pula mo dikgweding tsa Mopitlo, Motsheganong/Setebosigo se fokotsegile mo botlhaba jwa Aforika go tswa ka dingwaga tsa 1980 go tsena gompieno, pula e e tsisiwang ke diphefo go tswa kwa mawatleng e fokotsegile go tswa ka 1948 go tsena ka 2009 kwa mafatsheng a botlhaba jwa Aforika (Horn of Africa).[18] Go elela ga metsi a dinoka tse di fetang ka botlhaba jwa Aforika jaaka noka ya Nile, go tla fokotsega ka ntlha ya phetogo ya loapi. Koketsego ya komelelo le go nna sekaka go solofetswe go oketsa letlhoko la metsi a a phepa.[19][20] Le fa melao ya mafatshefatshe e supa goremotho mongwe le mongwe o tlhoka bokete jwa 1000m jwa metsi, 586m fela ke ene a neng a le teng ka 2010,mme bokete bo bo ka nna jwa wela kwa go 293m ka 2050. Go gonyela ga dkgapetlana tsa kwa Mount Kenya go okeditse tlhaelo ya metsi. Dinoka tse di neng di elela ngwaga otlhe ka ntlha ya go gakologa le go elela ga metsi a dikgapetlana jaanong di elela ka dipaka, di gakatsa dintwa tsa metswedi ya metsi.[13]

Tlhotlheletso mo bathong[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Itsholelo[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Makalana amabedi a a botlhokwa mo itsholelong ya Kenya[2] ke temothuo le bojanala,[1] a ka bobedi jwa one a tshabelelwang ke go amiwa ke manokonoko a phetogo ya loapi.[13] komelelo go tswa ka 2008 go tsena ka 2011 e bakile tshenyo ya $12.1 billion.[21] Tlhoka pabalesego ya dijo e e bakilweng ke komelelo go tswa ka 2014 go tsena ka 2022 go amile batho ba le di milione di le tharo le bone, fa ka ngwaga wa 2018, batho ba le dikete di le makgolo a matlhano ba latlhegetswe ke go bona metsi.[22]

Itsholelo ya lefatshe la Kenya e feta ya mafatshe a a kwa botlhaba le legare la Aforika, mme le na le palo ya batho ba le 48.5 million.[23] Lefatshe le ke lone boremelelo jwa dipuisano, thekiso, le madi mo kgaolong eo.[24] [25]Tshenyo ya itsholelo e e bakilweng ke go farologana ga phetogo ya loapi le seemo sa bosa se se sa iketlang e ka lekana le 2.6% wa GDP ka 2030.[13]

Bona gape[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Metswedi[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 "Climate Change Profile: Kenya – Kenya". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Agricultural Sector Transformation and Growth Strategy" (PDF). Ministry of Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries. 2019. p. 20. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 December 2020. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Climate Change in Kenya focus on Children (PDF) (Report). UNICEF.
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 Salih, Abubakr A. M.; Baraibar, Marta; Mwangi, Kenneth Kemucie; Artan, Guleid (July 2020). "Climate change and locust outbreak in East Africa". Nature Climate Change. 10 (7): 584–585. Bibcode:2020NatCC..10..584S. doi:10.1038/s41558-020-0835-8. ISSN 1758-678X. S2CID 220290864.
  5. ↑ Tobiko, Keriako (2021). "Rising Water Levels in Kenya's Rift Valley Lakes, Turkwel Gorge Dam and Lake Victoria" (PDF). Kenya Government and UNDP. Retrieved 16 March 2022.
  6. ↑ Baraka, Carey (17 March 2022). "A drowning world: Kenya's quiet slide underwater". the Guardian. Retrieved 17 March 2022.
  7. ↑ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max; Rosado, Pablo (11 May 2020). "CO₂ and Greenhouse Gas Emissions". Our World in Data.
  8. ↑ "Total greenhouse gas emissions (kt of CO2 equivalent) - Kenya | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  9. ↑ "Kenya: annual CO2 emissions". Statista. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  10. ↑ Njugi, David. "Clean cooking can hugely cut Kenya's carbon emissions". The Standard. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  11. ↑ "Kenya". climateactiontracker.org. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  12. ↑ "NATIONAL REDD+ STRATEGY" (PDF).
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 13.2 13.3 13.4 "CLIMATE RISK PROFILE: KENYA" (PDF). Climatelinks. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  14. ↑ Messmer, Martina; González-Rojí, Santos J.; Raible, Christoph C.; Stocker, Thomas F. (18 May 2021). "Sensitivity of precipitation and temperature over the Mount Kenya area to physics parameterization options in a high-resolution model simulation performed with WRFV3.8.1". Geoscientific Model Development. 14 (5): 2691–2711. doi:10.5194/gmd-14-2691-2021. ISSN 1991-959X.
  15. ↑ Kenya Markets Trust (2019). "Contextualising Pathways to Resilience in Kenya's ASALs under the Big Four Agenda" (PDF).
  16. ↑ Sreeraj, P.; Swapna, P.; Krishnan, R.; Nidheesh, A. G.; Sandeep, N. (2022). "Extreme sea level rise along the Indian Ocean coastline: Observations and 21st century projections". Environmental Research Letters. 17 (11): 114016. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ac97f5. S2CID 252806205.
  17. ↑ "Climate Change and water" (PDF). IPCC — Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. June 2008. p. 82. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  18. ↑ "Africa" (PDF). IPCC — Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 31 March 2014. p. 1209. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  19. ↑ Getachew, Birhan; Manjunatha, Busnur Rachotappa (1 October 2022). "Potential climate change impact assessment on the hydrology of the Lake Tana Basin, Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia". Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, Parts A/B/C. 127: 103162. doi:10.1016/j.pce.2022.103162. ISSN 1474-7065. S2CID 248906177.
  20. ↑ Opere, Alfred (2022). Research Anthology on Environmental and Societal Impacts of Climate Change.
  21. ↑ "Satellite, Mobile Technologies Underpin Insurance Payout To Herders In Kenya". www.iii.org. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  22. ↑ "INSIDER: Mainstreaming Climate Adaptation into Development: Three Lessons from Kenya". World Resources Institute. 15 September 2020. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  23. ↑ "Kenya country profile". BBC News. 31 January 2018. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  24. ↑ "Kenya – Market Overview". www.privacyshield.gov. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
  25. ↑ "Africa's Powerhouse". Brookings. Retrieved 26 November 2020.
Retrieved from "https://tn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phetogo_ya_seemo_sa_loapi_kwa_Kenya&oldid=34958"