Metsi le leswe la go tlosa leswe kwa Mozambique

 

Phatlalatso ya mêtsi le kgôpô leswê kwa Mozambique le go tlosa leswê mo Namibia ke naga e e ômêlêtseng e e tlhaselwang ke dikômêlêlô ka metlha. Dinoka tsê dikgolo di êlêla fêla go bapa le melelwane ya bokône le borwa, mme di kgakala le mafelô a baagi. Gape di kgakala le meêpo ya naga, e e dirisang mêtsi a mantsi. Go lebana le kgwêtlhô êno, naga e agile matamo go tshwara mêtsi a a tswang mo dinokeng tsa nakwana, e agile diphaepe go tsamaisa mêtsi mo mafelông a a kgakala, e simolotsê go dirisa mêtsi a a nowang gape mo motsemogolong wa yone wa Windhoek o o mo karolông e e fa gare ya Namibia, le go aga setheo sa ntlha se segolo sa go ntsha letswai mo dinokêng tsê di kwa borwa jwa Sahara mo Afrika go tlamela moepo wa uranium le motse wa Swakopmund ka metsi. Leanô le legolo la go tlisa metsi go tswa kwa Nokeng ya Okavango kwa Bokône go ya kwa Windhoek, Eastern National Water Carrier, le ne la wediwa go sekae fela ka bo19806 di lemogiwa ka maêmo a a kwa tlase a go fitlhelela bobotlana metswêdi ya mêtsi a mothêô (go fopholediwa go nna 47% ka 2015), maêmo a a tlase a go bona bobotlana leswe la motheo (go lekanyediwa go nna 24% ka 2015) le boleng jo bo kwa tlase jwa tirelo. Ka ngwaga wa 2007 puso e ne ya tlhalosa leanô la go tlamela ka metsi le leswê mo mafelong a selegaê, koo 62% ya baagi ba nnang teng. Mo mafelong a ditorôpôkgolo, metsi a tlamelwa ke batlamedi ba maêmo a a kwa tlase le batlamedi bao ba semmusô.

Go simolola ka 1998, Mozambique e fetotse karolo ya semmuso ya lefapha la metsi a ditoropokgolo ka go tlhama khampani e e ikemetseng ka nosi e e bidiwang CRA, khampani e tshwereng dithoto e e bidiwang FIPAG le tirisanommogo ya setšhaba le ya poraefete (PPP) le khampani e bidiwang Aguas de Moçambique. PPP e ne e akaretsa mafelo a motsemogolo le a ditoropo tse dingwe tse nne tse di neng di na le ditsamaiso tsa semmuso tsa metsi. Le fa go ntse jalo, PPP e ne ya fela fa ditumalano tsa botsamaisi tsa ditoropo di le nne di fela ka 2008 le fa molekane wa boditšhabatšhaba wa khampani e e direlang motsemogolo ka fa tlase ga tumalano ya go hira a ne a tswa ka 2010, a bolela gore o latlhegetswe thata.

Le fa metsi a a tswang kwa ditoropong a amogetse tlhokomelo e kgolo ya molao, puso ga e ise e nne le leano la go tlosa leswe mo ditoropong. Baabi ba dinaga di sele ba duelela 85% ya dipeeletso tsotlhe tsa setšhaba mo lefapheng. Baabi ba bagolo mo lefapheng la metsi ke World Bank, African Development Bank, Canada, Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland le United States.

Go tsena

Mosadi a tsaya metsi ka paka ya komelelo go tswa mo motsweding o o kgotletsweng kwa Kgaolong ya Machaze ya Porofense ya Central Manica.

Ke fela mo e ka nnang 47% ya baagi ba Mozambique ba ba kgonang go fitlhelela bobotlana motswedi wa metsi wa motheo, mme ke 24% fela ba ba kgonang ku fitlhelela bobotlana leswe la motheo. Ditlamorago mo maemong a botshelo di dintsi, go tloga ka botsogo jo bo bokoa go ya go go sa ungweng sentle ka ntlha ya nako e e tlhokegang go tsaya metsi.

Dipalopalo tsa go tsena di a ganetsanwa. Ka sekai, WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation e fopholetsa gore go na le motswedi wa metsi o o ka nnang 79% mo mafelong a ditoropokgolo le 32% mo mafelong a selegae go tloga ka 2015. Le fa go ntse jalo, Lefapha la Ditirelo tsa Setšhaba le dirisa dipalo tsa metsi tsa 38% mo mafelong a ditoropokgolo le 40% mo mafelong a selegae. Dipalo tsa go tsena kwa metseselegaeng di ntshiwa go tswa mo palong ya mabitla le palogare ya palo e e fopholediwang ya malapa a a dirisang mabitla.

		Ditoropokgolo (38% ya baagi)	Kwa metseselegaeng (62% ya baagi)	Palogotlhe
Metsi	Tlhaloso ya 'Bongwe ya motheo'	79%	32%	47%
	Dikamano tsa ntlo	ga e yo	ga e yo	ga e yo
Go tlosa leswe mo mmeleng	Tlhaloso ya 'Bongwe ya motheo'	47%	12%	24%
	Go tsamaisa leswe	ga e yo	ga e yo	ga e yo

Motswedi: Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation of WHO and UNICEF

Gape go na le dipalo tse di ganetsanang malebana le gore dipalo tse go ikaeletsweng go kopana le MDGs tsa metsi le tsa leswe ka 2015. Go ya ka lekwalo la Banka ya Lefatshe go raya gore metsi a a fitlhelelwang kwa ditoropong a oketsega go ya go 78% mme metsi a a tswang kwa metseselegaeng a oketsega ka 56%. Le fa go ntse jalo, go ya ka pego ya maemo a MDG go raya go oketsa go fitlhelela 70% mo mafelong a ditoropokgolo le a kwa magaeng.

Boleng jwa tirelo

Go na le tshedimosetso e nnye e e ka ikanngwang e e gatisitsweng ka boleng jwa metsi le tirelo ya leswe kwa Mozambique. Ditsamaiso di le dintsi tsa metsi di tlamela ka metsi ka dinako tse di rileng. Le fa go ntse jalo, ditoropokgolo di le nne tsa Beira, Pemba, Quelimane le Nampula di fitlhile go nna le metsi a a tswelelang kgotsa a a sa kgaotseng ka ntlha ya go nna le seabe ga lefapha la poraefete, go oketsa diura tsa metsi ka letsatsi go tloga go diura di le 9 (Beira le Quelimane) le diura di ka di le 17 (Nampula le Pemba) ka 2002 go ya go diura tse 22化24 ka 2007. Metsi a a tlamelwang kwa Maputo a nna a sa tlhomama, a oketsega go le gonnye fela go tswa go diura di le 12 go ya go di le 14.

Hisitori

Mmapa wa Mozambique o o bontshang, gareng ga tse dingwe, ditoropo tse di nang le seabe sa lefapha la poraefete mo go tlameleng metsi.

Molao wa Bosetšhaba wa Metsi wa 1995 le diphetogo tsa ditheo

Ka 1995, Mozambique e ne ya amogela Molao wa Metsi wa Bosetšhaba ô o gatêlêlang go nna le seabe ga setšhaba le, mo go tlameleng mêtsi a ditorôpôkgolo, go nna le karolô ga lefapha la sephiri. Ka 1998 Banka ya Lefatshe e ne ya amogêla First National Water Development Project go tshegetsa National Water Policy. Ba bangwe ba ba ntshang madi ba ne ba tlamêla ka madi a porojeke.

Go nna le seabe ga lefapha la sephiri (1999-2012)

Ka ngwaga wa 1999 puso e ne ya naya setlhopha sa boditšhabatšhaba se se bidiwang Aguas de Moçambique (AdeM) konteraka ya go hira/tsamaiso ya ditoropo di le supa, se se neng se eteletswe pele ke feme ya Fora SAUR (35%) mme se akaretsa Aguas de Portugal (32%). Mo Maputo le Matola konteraka e ne e na le dingwaga di le 15 mme mo ditoropong tse dingwe konteraka ya botsamaisi ya dingwaga di le 5. AdEM gape e ne e na le 30% ya dithoto tsa khampani ya Mozambique e e bidiwang Mazi of Mozambique e e nang le beng ba dišere ba le barataro ba selegae. Thuso ya madi ya AdeM e ne e le kwa tlase thata go feta ya moganetsi yo o gaufi. Go ya ka patlisiso ya World Bank, kgabagare go ne ga itshupa go le kwa tlase thata.

Ka ngwaga wa 2001 AdeM e ne e lebane le mathata a a masisi a madi, a a neng a okeditswe ke ditlamorago tsa merwalela ya Mozambique ya ngwaga wa 2000. Fa tlhatlhobo e e ikemetseng ka nosi e ne e ganetsa go okediwa ga dituelo go duelela tshenyo ya merwalela, SAUR e ne ya tswa mo tumalanong ka Diphalane 2001. Ka Sedimonthole e rekisitse di-share tsa yona ka madi a a rileng go Águas de Portugal. Morago ga moo, FIPAG le AdeM ba ne ba buisana gape ka ditumalano, ba bona dituelo tse di kwa godimo le go tokafatsa go tlhalosiwa ga ditlamego le ditsamaiso tsa tirelo.

Le fa ditlamêgô tsa Vitens ka fa tlase ga konteraka ya ntlha di nê di tshwana le tsê di mô konteraka ya botsamaisi ya AdeM, ditirêlo tsa yôna di ne di fiwa mahala mme dithulaganyô tsa badiri ba yone di ne di farologane thata. Le fa botsamaisi jwa AdEM bo ne bo ntse bo fetoga ka metlha mme setlhôpha sa bône sa batswakwa fela se ne se le kwa Maputo fêla, go ya ka patlisiso ya World Bank, Vitens o ne a dirisa mokgwa wa badiri ba ba nêng ba na le moêtêlêdipele wa setlhôpha fêla yo o nêng a nna kwa Mozambique, a thusiwa ke bomankgê ba nakwana go tswa kwa Netherlands. Setlhôpha sa Ba-Dutch se ne sa nna le kamanô e e gaufi le maloko a setlhôpha sa Ba-Mozambique, ka go dira jalo se nonotsha bokgôni jwa selegaê.

National Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Program (go tloga ka ngwaga wa 2007 go ya pele)

Basadi le bana ba le mo pompong ya letsogo mo thulaganyong ya metsi kwa Nivali, Porofenseng ya Nampula.

Through the Decentralization Law of 1997, which created municipal governments with elected leaders, and the Law of Local State Organs of 2003 the 129 district and 11 provincial governments of Mozambique are supposed to gradually take over more responsibilities in various fields including water supply. Decisions about investments are expected to be taken at the local level. However, the district and provincial governments often still lack the financial and human resources to carry out their responsibilities. In 2007 a National Rural Water and Sanitation Strategic Plan has been adopted, which led to the decision to create Provincial Water and Sanitation Services (SPAS) in 2009 and the establishment of a common fund for rural water supply and sanitation (PRONASAR) in 2010.

Canada, Netherlands, UNICEF, Switzerland, UK le African Development Bank di tsentse letsogo mo Common Fund. Dikgaolo di le 129 tsa Mozambique ke mafelo a go rulaganngwa le go diragatsa lenaneo. Ka 2010/11 go ne ga dirwa patlisiso ya metsi le ya leswe e e neng e akaretsa malapa a le 2500 mo dikgaolong di le 75.

Mo bogareng jwa 2011, mokaedi le motsamaisi wa tsa matlotlo wa ofisi ya kgaolo ya Setheo sa go Tshola Dithoto (FIPAG), e bong José Duarte le Henriques Leonardo, ba ne ba kobiwa mo tirong ka gonne ba ne ba latofadiwa ka gore ba dirile khampani e e ikemetseng ya go tlamela ka metsi, e leng Recta, e e neng e gaisana le FIPAG go tlamela dikepe ka metsi kwa boemakepeng jwa Beira. Ngwaga morago ga foo ba ne ba tshwarwa morago ga gore kgetsi e ba neng ba latofadiwa ka yone e rulaganngwe. Go bolelwa gore kgang eno e bakile gore FIPAG e latlhegelwe ke madi a a kana ka dimilione di le 37 tsa meticais (R1,23 milione)..