Batho ba letso la Setswana

Tswana

Depiction of a congregation of Tswana people with David Livingstone, by the London Missionary Society, circa 1900
Regions with significant populations
Botswana	Population of ethnic Tswana is unknown, the last census to solicite ethnicity in Botswana was in 1946 (Tlou, 1985) in two districts - In Ngamiland the ethnic Tswana were half the population of the non-Tswana (7,000 vs 16 000) (Wayeyi Alone) (Tlou 1985). In the Central District, the non-Tswana - the Kalanga specifically, were more the than the Tswana. The ethnic Tswana are found in the Southern part of the Country. Walter and Ringenberg (1994) estimated that the non-Tswana make 90% of the Population. RETENG, an organisation which has long advocated for national census to ask ethnicity of citizens without success did an estimate study using the 2001 Population data and estimated that the ethnic Tswana made 17.9% of the population while the non-Tswana made 60%. Since Sestswna is medium of instruction in school currently about 78% of the population of Botswana are able to speak Setswana (Central Statistics Office, 2001) with varying levels of competence and comprehension.
South Africa	3,900,000 (Tswana-speakers)
Languages
Tswana language
Religion
Christianity and African traditional religion.
Related ethnic groups
Other Bantu peoples of South Africa

Batho ba letso la Setswana (Batswana, mo bongweng Motswana) ke batho ba ba tlholegang mo brwa jwa Aferika. Puo ya Setswana e buiwa ke batho ba letso la setlhopha sa Bantu ba ba tswang kwa dipuong tsa kwa Niger–Congo. Batho ba letso la Setswana ba aga bontlha jwa selekanyo sa masome a boferabobedi jwa palo ya batho ba Botswana.

Mo dinakong tsa bogologolo, pitso e e neng e tumile ya Batswana e ne e le Bechuana. Europa ba ne ba bitsa raya Tswana e le Bechuanaland. Mo dipuong tsa Setswana, ka go rialo, Botswana ke leina le le rayang lefatshe la Batswana.

Merafe le babusi ka go farologanya

Botswana

Botswana wa gompieno (yo o neng a bidiwa British protectorate of Bechuanaland) o bileditswe mo bathong ba Batswana. Merafe yotlhe e e 'tumileng' mo nageng eo e bua puo ya Setswana. Merafe yotlhe e, e busiwa ke dikgosi. Yo motona ke Kgosikgolo , yo o busang Ntlo ya Dikgosi. Ka jalo bana ba kgosi go ya ka dintlo, tsa yone ke dikgosi, go tswa go yo mogolo go ya go yo mmotlana. Ba ka latelelana ka go busa. Mo dinakong tsa bogologolo ba ne ba abelwa mafelo kgotsa motse go busa ele dikgosi tsa motse yo o rileng. Ba na le Kgotlakgolo e mo go yone go busang Kgosikgolo mmogo le morwa yo motona. Babusi botlhe ba ba tswang mo lelapeng le le lengwe ba a sikarana fa a ba bangwe ba kgaogana go tsweng mo lelapeng kgotsa losikeng loo.

Merafe e e tumileng ya Batswana ke:

• Bakgatla
• Bakwena
• Balete
• Bangwato
• BaNgwaketse
• Barolong
• Batawana
• Batlokwa
• Bahurutshe
• Bakubung
• Batshweneng
• Batlhaping
• Batlharo

Modimo o o nko e e metsi

Modimo o o nko e metsi Gantsi ga re lemoge fa tikologo ya rona e ama puo ya rona. Mo Setswaneng go na le dilo tse dintsi tse di amang ka fa re buang ka teng. Dingwe tsa tsone ga re di tseye tsiya, ga re tseye fa di ka nna le seabe sepe se se utlwalang mo go ameng ka fa re dirisang puo ka teng. Mme selo se se fitlhelwa mo puong nngwe le nngwe. Tsaya sekai, morafe wa MaEskimo (bangwe ba ka nna ba tsaya fa ke kgetholola, ba batla gore ke bitse morafe o ke re BaEskimo – ba tlaa nkinela diatla metsing.) go dumelwa fa o na le mafoko a mantsi a a rayang kapoko ka kapoko ke karolo e kgolo ya matshelo a bone. Fela kapoko e le karolo e kgolo ya matshelo a bone, rona jaaka Batswana kgomo ke yone pinagare ya itsholelo ya malwapa ka bontsi. Batswana ka ngwao re ba rua kgomo. E re ntswa dinamanyane di foforwa ke leuba, kgotsa bontsi bo hularela temo, kgomo e santse e le sesupo sa itsholelo e bile monna yo kgomo tsa gagwe di thibang marang a letsatsi o tlotlega setšhabeng. Kgomo e humisitse puo ya rona thata. Re ka akanya ka mafoko a mantsi a a amanang le kgomo. Ga re kitla re kgona go a nankola otlhe mme re tlaa kgotlha fela ka lotlhokwa.

Le rona fela jaaka MaEsekimo re na le kgumo e e boitshegang ya mafoko a a rayang kgomo. A re simolole fela ka gore ngwana wa kgomo o bidiwa namane, mme re bo re tswelela ka go tlhalosa dinamane. Mohungwana ke namane e e fitlhetsweng mo kgomong mmaayo a sena go swa. Lebotlana ke namane e e leng gone e tsalwang. Lesolemotlhabana ke lebotlana le le godileng. Lesole ke namane e e tiileng e e godileng. Moalolelo ke namane e e tlogedisitsweng go anya mmaayo. Kgomo e tonanyana e e sa fagolwang re e bitsa re re poo. Sempoo ke poo e e sa fagolegang sentle. Tshikela ke poo e e fagtsweng e godile. Mo kgomong tse di namagadi re a tle re re, letsetse ke kgomo e fetsa go tsala. Lephusa lone ke kgomo e dusitse e palangwe ke poo. Kgomo e e gangwang yone re e bitsa leradu. Fa e sa ntshe maši a mantsi re e bitsa re re motete. Fusa ke kgomo, e sena go koba namane gore e sa tlhole e anya – ra re e husitse. Mageri ke mašwi a e leng gone a remang a re a bitsang themisani. Moreba one ke kgomo e e sa tsaleng.

Khumo ya mafoko mo setswaneng

Ke lekile go supa fa Setswana se humile mafoko a a rayang kgomo ka kgomo e le karolo e e botlhokwa ya matshelo a Batswana. Mafoko le diane di di ntsi tse di buang ka kgomo. Go na le ditumelo tsa Setswana tse di amanang le kgomo. Go dumelwa gore fa kgomo e jele lesapo la motho madi a yone a tlhakana le maši. Gape Batswana ba dumela fa dirwe dingwe tsa kgomo di sa siamela batho bangwe. Go na le dirwe dingwe tsa kgomo tse di jewang ke bomme, dingwe e nne tsa borra fa bagodi ba na le tsa bone. Dinama tse di tshwanang le bo telele, diphilo, mokoto le dinama tse dingwe ga di jewe ke mongwe le mongwe. Ka jalo kgomo ke karolo ya tumelo ya Setswana, ke sone se bangwe ba e bitsang modimo o o nko e metsi, le fa nna ke ebisa sešabo fela. Dikai re ka tsaya tse dintsi go supa fa re le baruakgomo, ka jalo a re kgwe mowa di ise di timela batho ba ga matshaba le kgomo matlogela temo e le seholela

Aforika Borwa

Bontsi jwa Batswana ba nna kwa Aforika Borwa. Ke bangwe ba batho ba letso la mmala wa sebilo, mme gape Puo ya Setswana ke nngwe ya dipuo di le somelebongwe tsa semmuso tsa naga ya Aforika Borwa. Pele ga ngwaga wa 1994, Batswana ba kwa Aforika Borwa e ne e le baagi ba Bophuthatswana e leng bontlha bongwe jwa karolo ya dinaga tsa Bantustan. Ba kgaogantswe jalo ka nako ya dintwa tsa kwa Aforika Borwa tsa tlhaolele.

Mo bogosing jwa Setswana go tla Kgosi (go bo go tla yo motona ebong Kgosikgolo):

• Bafokeng (Lefelo la Rustenburg)
  • Bafokeng
  • Bafokeng Ba Ga Motlatla

• Batlhaping (Batshwara ditlhapi ba kwa lefelong la Taung), ba kgaogane pele ga ngwaga wa 1800, Batlhaping ke setlhopa kgotsa karolo ya barolong go tswa go Lowe, ke babina tholo ka tsalo eseng tlhapi (Ba ana tlhapi), bane ba bidiwa Batlhaping fela morago ga go sala fa nokeng ba tshwara ditlhapi, le mororo ele Barolong. Botlhe ba tshwanela ke go tsaya tholo jaaka phologolo ya bonne ka go tshwana.
  • Batlhaping Bagaphuduhudu
  • Batlhaping Bagaphuduhutswane
  • Batlhaping Ba Ga Maidi
  • Batlhaping Ba Ga Mothibi
  • Batlhaping Ba Ga Bantsijang

• Batlôkwa
  • Batlôkwa Ba Ga Sedumedi
  • Batlokwa Ba Bogatsu
  • Batlokwa Boo Matlapane

• Barôlông Barratlou
  • Barolong Boorratlou Boomokalaka
  • Barôlông Barratlou Boomariba
  • Barôlông Barratlou Booseitshiro
  • Barôlông Barratlou Boomakgobi
  • Barôlông Boo Ratlou Ba Ga Phoi
• Barôlông Baseleka
• Barôlông Barrapulana
• Barôlông Barratshidi
• Barôlông Ba Ga Molefe Ba Moata
• Barôlông Ba Ga Makgobi
• Barolong Boo Morakile
• Barôlông Boo Lefifi
• Barôlông Ba Ga Moroka (Puthaditjaba, Free State, SA)
• Barolong Ba Ga Phathudi
• Bahurutshe (ba kgaogane pele ga ngwaga wa 1800 mo lefelong le le sa itseweng, ba bobedi ba ba ileng ba kopana le Bahurutshe ba Boomokgatlha gape le Bahurutshe Bagamoilwa, gape morago ba kgaogana gape). Mo ditsong le ne le kwadiwa gotwe Bahurutshe.
• Bahurutshe Ba Ga Mothogae
• Bahurutshe Ba Ga Gopane
• Bahurutshe Ba Ga Le-Ncoe
• Bahurutshe Ba Ga Mokgoswa
• Bahurutshe Ba Ga Suping

• Bakgatla, ba kgaogane go nna ditlhopha tsa
  • Bakgatla ba Kgafela
  • Bakgatla ba Mosetlha
  • Bakgatla ba Mmakau
  • Bakgatla ba Mocha
  • Bakgatla ba Seabe
  • Bakgatla ba Moche
  • Bakgatla ba Mmanaana

• Bakwena
  • Bakwena Ba Ga Molopyane
  • Bakwena Ba Mare A Phogole
  • Bakwena Ba Magopa
  • Bakwena Boo Modimosana Ba Ga Mmatau
  • Bakwena Ba Morare (Madikwe)
  • Bakwena Ba Ga Sechele (Molepolole)

• Batlharo ba kgaoganela kwa: (Kuruman, SA)
  • Batlharo Ba Ga Lotlhware
  • Batlharo Ba Ga Masibi

• Bapo
• Bapo Ba Ga Mogale

• Baphalane Ba Ramokoka
• Baphalane Ba Mantserre

• Batlhako Boo Mututu Ba Ga Mabe

• Baphiring

• Bataung Ba Moubane
• Bataung Ba Hlalele

• Baphuting Ba Ga Nawa

• Batloung Ba Ga Shole

• Bakubung Ba Ratheo (Ledig/Patsima, Mankwe, Bokone-Bophirima, SA)

• Bakubung ba ga Marakwana

• Ba Nare

• Barokologadi Ba Ga Maotwa (Pitsedisulejang, Madikwe, Bokone-Bophirima, SA)

• Batlhalerwa
• Batlhako (Bokone-Bophirima, Mabeskraal)
• Batlhako ba Matutu
• Batlhako ba Leema

Mafelo a sele

Mo Namibia gape le Zimbabwe Batswana ga ba age bope bontlha jwa merafe ya mafatshe e gope. Mme mo Namibia bonntse jwa Batswana ke Batlharo ba ba agang mo Metsweding, Mokaleng le Gobabis.

Leruo

Tswana ke leina le lengwe la mefutla ya lerui la mo Botswana.

Dikgomo

Tswana (kgomo)

Dinku

Dipudi

Dipitsi

Ditonki

Ditonki tsa Batswana di dirisiwa thata mo nakong ya leuba.

Dipadi tse dingwe

• tsebe ya WorldStatesmen ka tsa polotiki le bodiredi jwa semmuso, goya ka lefatshe lengwe le lengwe
• http://archive.lib.msu.edu/DMC/African%20Journals/pdfs/PULA/pula015001/pula015001004.pdf

Barolong boo phatudi