Batho ba letso la Setswana
_by_The_London_Missionary_Society_cropped.jpg) Setshwantsho sa phuthego ya Batswana le David Livingstone, ka Mokgatlho wa Borongwa wa Lontone, ka 1900 | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
 Botswana | Palo ya Batswana ga e itsiwe, palo ya morafe ya bofelo e e neng ya dirwa ka 1946 (Tlou, 1985) kwa dikgaolong tse pedi - Kwa Ngamiland Batswana ba morafe e ne e le halofo ya palo ya batho ba e seng Batswana (7,000 vs 16 000) (Wayeyi a le nosi) (Tlou 1985). Kwa Kgaolong ya Bogare, batho ba e seng Batswana - segolobogolo Ba-Kalanga, ba ne ba le bantsi go feta Batswana. Batswana ba fitlhelwa kwa karolong e e kwa borwa ya Naga eno. Walter le Ringenberg (1994) ba fopholetsa gore batho ba e seng Batswana ba dira 90% ya baagi. RETENG, e leng mokgatlho o o sa bolong go buelela go balwa ga morafe go botsa morafe wa baagi kwa ntle ga katlego, o dirile patlisiso e e dirisitseng tshedimosetso ya 2001 Population mme ya fopholetsa gore Batswana ba morafe ba dira 17,9% ya baagi fa ba e seng Batswana ba dira 60%. E re ka Setswana e le puo e e dirisiwang go ruta kwa sekolong, gone jaanong mo e ka nnang 78% ya baagi ba Botswana ba kgona go bua Setswana (Central Statistics Office, 2001) ka maemo a a farologaneng a bokgoni le go tlhaloganya.[1] |
 South Africa | 3,900,000 (Ba ba buang Setswana)[2] |
| Languages | |
| Puo ya Setswana | |
| Religion | |
| Bokeresete le Bodumedi jwa setso jwa Afrika. | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Batho ba bangwe ba Banthu ba Aforika Borwa | |
Batho ba letso la Setswana (Batswana, mo bongweng Motswana) ke batho ba ba tlholegang mo borwa jwa Aforika. Puo ya Setswana e buiwa ke batho ba letso la setlhopha sa Bantu ba ba tswang kwa dipuong tsa kwa Niger–Congo. Batho ba letso la Setswana ba aga bontlha jwa selekanyo sa masome a boferabobedi jwa palo ya batho ba Botswana ka ngwaga wa dikete pedi lesome le motso.[3]
Batswana ba nna kwa borwa le botlhaba jwa Botswana le Bokone-bophirima, Kapa Bokone, Gauteng le Free State le dikgaolo tse dingwe tsa Aforika Borwa.[4]
Ditso
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Bonno pele ga bokolone le tlhabololo ya magosi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Batswana ke morafe o o buang Setswana wa magosi a mantsi, ba ba nnag kwa borwa jwa Aforika (bontlha jwa Namibia wa gompieno, Botswana le Aforika Borwa). Pele ga molao wa bokolone, ditshaba tse di buang Setswana di ne di kgaogantswe ka merafe, gantsi e agilwe ka losika. Puso e ne e le ya kgosi, o a neng a laola ka dikhansele le ditirelo tse dingwe tsa setso. Mo tsamaong ya nako, merafe e mentsi ya Batswana e ne ya atologa ya nna le nonof ka go kopana, go fuduga le go thibelela mo dikgaolong tse di kwa teng ga borwa jwa Aforika.[5][6]
Sepolotiki sa Batswana se ne se supagala ka tlhatlologanyo ya bonno, khumo ya dikgomo le ditsamaiso tsa melao, ngwao boswa, lonyalo, tiriso ya lefatshe le selegae. Lengwe la mafelo a ntlha go nniwa ke kwa Toutswe kwa botlhaba jwa kwa e leneg Botswana gompieno, ba ikaegile ka mefuta ya dikgomo tsa Setswana di le mo masakeng e le khumo ya bone. Go goroga ga bagolwagolwane ba batho ba ba buang puo ya Setswana ba ba neng ba tla go laola kgaolo (go tswa kwa nokeng ya Vaal go ya Botswana) ga go ise go itsiwe letsatsi le le tlhomamisitsweng, le ntswa kakanyetso ya dingwaga di le makgolo a marataro tsa motlha wa gompieno e ka nna boammaruri. Go rua dikgomo mo go tseneletseng mo go ne ga atlega ga tswelela pele go fitlhelela ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a mararo. Batho ba botlhe ba ne ba amangwa ke ditsela tsa kgwebo tse di neng di le mo lotshitshing lwa noka ya Limpopo go ya lewatleng la Indian, le dithoto go tswa kwa Asia di tshwana le dibaga, di ne tsa tsena kwa Batswaneng, ba rekisa dinaka tsa tlou, gouta le dinaka tsa ditshukudu. Ditiro tsa diatla tsa ngwao di ne di akaretsa go bopa dinkgwana, go dira ka tshipi, go betla ka logong, go loga ditlatlana le go suga matlalo. Banna gantsi ba ne ba dira ditiro tsa go betla le go dirisa tshipi fa basadi ba ne ba amana thata le go bopa dinkgwana le go aga matlo a setswana.[7][8][9][10]
Dikwalo tsa ntlha tse di amanang le Botswana wa gompieno di tlhageletse ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a mabedi le bone. Se dikwalo tse di se supang ke gore Bangwaketse ba ne ba nnile morafe o o nonofileng thata mo kgaolong. Mo pusong ya ga Makaba II, Bangwaketse ba ne ba ruile dikgomo di le dintsi mo mafelong a a sekaka a a sireletsegileng ba dirisa serodumo sa bone sa sesole go tlhasela ba ba mabapi. Magosi a mangwe a a mo kgaolong eo, ka nako eo, ba ne ba na le dikete di le lesome, ka jalo ba ne ba atlegile. Mangwe a mafelo a e ne e le Kaditshwene, kwa e neng e le motsemogolo wa ngwao wa Bahurutshe, mongwe wa merafe e emegolo ya Batswana, gape e le lefelo la boremelelo la go tlhama le go gweba. Le bonwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a mane kwa go nang le kopore le tshipi.[11]
Masalela a manno a mangwe a matona a Batswana, a matlotla a Kweneng, a fitlhelwa kwa Suikerbosrand Reserve kwa Aforika Borwa. Lefelo le go ntswe kw go lone go tswa ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le botlhano go tsena lesome le borobabongwe, e ne e le lone le letona le le neng le nniwa ke batho ba ba buang Setswana pele ga ma Yuropa ba goroga. Mafelo a le mmalwa a a nang le mabotana a lorako a mo lefelong leo le le dikhilomithara di le lesome ka boleele le di le pedi ka bophara.[12][13][14]
Go kopana le barongwa ba kwa Yuropa le Sekeresete (legare la lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe)
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi],_Scottish_Missionary_(imp-cswc-GB-237-CSWC47-LS16-014).jpg)
Ka dingwaga tsa lekgolo le le lesome le borobabongwe di le fa gare, barongwa ba kwa Yuropa ba ne ba aga mafelo mo dkgaolong tsa Batswana. Ditirelo tsa borongwa di ne di na le seabe mo go anameng ga Sekeresete le go simolodisa ditsela tse disha tsa thuto, kitso le go rotloediwa ke mafelo. Dikgosi di le mmalwa di ne tsa amogela Sekeresete kgotsa tsa letla go anama ga sone, mo go neng ga baka phetogo e e bonalang ya ngwao. Go diriwa Bakeresete ga Batswana ke kgato e e botlhokwa mo ditsong tsa Aforika, bogolo jang ka gore e fetotse borongwa jo bo kgakala go tsena kwa Kalahari go nna lefelo la go ithuta dipuo le go gatisa.[15]
Ka dingwaga tsa sekete makgolo a robabobedi, London Missionary Society (LMS) e ne ya ya kwa bokone e tswa kwa koloneng ya Kapa. Setswana e ne e le nngwe ya dipuo tsa pele tsa Sotho-Tswana go kwalwa ke batsamai ba Yuropa le baithuti. Ditshupo tsa pele tsa thuto ya diteme di akaretsa dikwalo tsa ga Heinrich Lichtenstein tsa ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le borataro, tsa salwa morago ke dikgobokanyo tsa go tlhaloganya puo le kelotlhoko ya puo tse di dirilweng ke barongwa le batlhatlhami ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe. Dikwalo tse tsa pele di nnile le seabe mo diporojekeng tsa barongwa tsa go ranola le mo mananeong a a neng a letla tiriso ya Setswana se se kwadilweng mo thutong ya sedumedi le dibuka tse di gatisitsweng. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a mabedi le bone, Robert Moffat, morongwa wa lotso lwa Scottish, o ne a tlhama lefelo la borongwa la Kuruman mo morafeng wa Batlhaping (morafe wa Batswana). Moffat o ne a lemoga gore gore Sekeresete se tsene mo bathong se tshwanetse go buiwa ka puo ya mo gae, selo se se ne se sa diriwe ke barongwa ba bangwe ka bone ba ne ba ikaegile ka baranodi. O ne a tsaya dingwaga a nna le Batswana, a ithuta ka fa ba buang ka teng ka Setswana. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo, bontlha jwa ntlha jwa mafoko a a molemo bo ne jwa gatisiwa ka Setswana, e le lokwalo lwa ga Luke. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le bosupa, baebele ya ntlha e ne ya ranolwa ya gatisiwa ka puo ya borwa jwa Aforika.[16][17]
Ditiro tsa ngwao tsa sedumedi, di akaretsa go tlotla bagolwagolwane le meletlo ya setso, di ne tsa fokotsega mo ditshabeng dingwe fa Sekeresete se ntse se anama. Ditiro dingwe tsa setso di tshwana le go nyala lefufa, di ne di ganediwa thata ebile di sa rotloediwe ke ditlhopha tsa barongwa le baokamedi ba dikolone.[15]
Dikgotlhang le dintwa ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Dingwaga tsa sekete le makgolo a robabobedi tsa pele: tlhakatlhakano ya Difaqane/ Mfecane (ngwaga wa sekete makgolo a robabobedi lesome le botlhano go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane)
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Ka lekgolo la dingwaga di le lesome le borobabongwe, magosi a Batswana a ne a amilwe ke go tlhoka go iketla ga kgaolo mo go neng go bidiwa Difaqane (leina le lengwe e le Mfecane). Nako e, e ne e supagala ka ntwa e e anameng, go fudusiwa ga batho, le go phutlhama kgotsa go agiwa sesha ga ditshaba go kgabaganya borwa jwa Aforika.
Fa ditlhopha tse di tshotseng dibetsa tse di neng di fuduga di ya kwa bokone kwa e leng Aforika Borwa gompieno, mafelo a Batswana ba neng ba nna mo go one ka bontsi a ne a tlhaselwa kgotsa ba patelediwa go fuduga. Batswana bangwe ba ne ba nonotsha mekgwa ya bone ya go iphemela, ba aga sesha mafelo a bonno, ba bo ba tlhopha bateledipele ba polotiki e le go tsibogela ditlhaselo tse. Nako e, e nnile le seabe mo go tlhabologeng ga mafelo a Batswana a a nonofileng le go gaisa jaaka Bangwaketse, bakwena le Bangwato.[18]
Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le bobedi go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a marataro: Ntwa ya Batswana le Maburu: Ntwa ya Dimawe
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Motlha o o bone go ya magoletsa ga go dira Batswana masole, ga mmogo le go nna le dibetsa le dipitse ka mafarattlhatlha a kgwebo. Ka dingwaga tsa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mane le ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a matlhano, kgwebo le barekisi ba kolone ya Kapa e ne ya simologa ya thusa magosi a Batswana go ikaga gape. Bakwena, Bangwaketse, Bangwato le Batawana ba ne ba dirisanammogo go laola kgwebo ya dinaka tsa tlou, ba dirisa dipoelo go reka dipitse le ditlhobolo, mo go neng ag ba letla go nna le taolo mo Botswana wa gompieno. Tsamaiso e e ne ya fela ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, le masome a robabobedi, ka jalo Basarwa, Bakalaka, Bakgalagadi, Batswapong le merafe e mengwe e mebotlana e ne e gateletswe ke Batswana.[19]
Morago ga loeto lo logolo, Maburu go tswa kwa koloneng ya Kapa ba ne ba itlhoma o melelwaneng ya mafelo a bagolwagolwane ba Batswana ba neng ba nna mo go one kwa Transvaal. Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a matlhano le bobedi, bokopano jwa magosi a Batswana bo eteletswe pele ke Sechele I bo ne jwa gana go fudusiwa ke Maburu, mo go neng ga baka ntwa ya Dimawe e e neng e lowa ka marumo le ditlhobolo tse di telele le molelo. Le ntswa e ne e le Maburu ba eteletswe pele ke Pieter Scholtz le Paul Kruger, e le bateledipele ba ntwa ya maburu, ba ba simolotseng ntwa, ke bone ba ba feletseng ba ikgogela morago, mo go neng ga salwa morago ke ditlhaselo tsa Batswana tsa go ipusolosetsa kwa kgolong ya nako eo ya Marique kwa Transvaal, kwa magae a Maburu, metse le masimo a neng a fisitswe. Morago ga dingwaga di robabobedi tsa dikgotlhang le ditlhaselo, ba ne ba nna le tumalano ya kagiso kwa Potchefstroom ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro. Go tswa foo, molelwane wa gompieno wa Aforika Borwa le Botswana o ne wa dumalanwa, Maburu le Batswana ba ne ba gweba mmogo ba bereka sentle ka kagiso.[19]
Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabobedi go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabobedi le bone: Ntwa ya Batswana le Matebele: Ntwa ya Khutiyabasadi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Fa melelwane ya Batswana kwa borwa e ne e sireleditswe ka ntlha ya tumalano ya kagiso le Maburu, go ne go santse go na le bodiphatsa kwa bokone ka Batswana ba ne ba itemogela ditlhaselo go tswa mo masoleng a Matebele ba ba neng ba thibeletse kwa borwa jwa Zimbabwe. Batlhasedi ba Matebele ba ne ba tlhasela ditshaba gangwe le gape gaufi le kgaolo ya Okavango, ba lebagane le loruo le batshwarwa.
Ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabobedi le bone, Batawana ka fa tlase ga ga Kgosi Moremi ba ne ba lwantsha masole a Matebele gaufi le Toteng, le kwa Khutiyabasadi. Ntwa e ne ya tswelela go nna ntwa ya Khutiyabasadi, kwa Batawana ba engwe nokeng ke Bayei ba neng ba fenya batlhasedi ba Matebele ba dirisa ditlhobolo, mekgwa ya go tsietsa, e e siametseng kgaolo ya Okavango.
Ntwa e gakologelwa e le phenyo e tona ya Batswana, e e nnileng le seabe mo go latlhegelweng ke serodumo ga Matebele mo kgaolong eo le go nonotsha go etelela pele ga Batawana kwa bokone-bophirima jwa Botswana. Le ntswa ntwa ya kwa Khutiyabasadi e ne e le phenyo e tona ya Batawana le go fenya Matebele, mo kgaolong ya Wayeyi, se e neng e le tshegofatso e e e tlhakaneng. Le ntswa ba ne ba na le seabe mo phenyong ya Matebele a a neng a sa ratiwe, nngwe ya ditlamorago e ne e le go nonofa ga Batawana mo kgaolong eo ba ba gatelela ka Moremi a ntse sebaka gaufi le Nokaneng.[20]
Ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabongwe le boraro go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabongwe le bone: Go tsaya karolo ga Batswana mo ntweng ya ntlha ya Matebele
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Ntwa ya ntlha ya Matebele e lolwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabongwe le boraro go tsena ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi masome a robabongwe le bone kwa Zimbabwe wa gompieno. British South Africa Company e ne e sena mephato ya sesole e e fetang makgolo a supa le masome a matlhano kwa sepodising sa British South Africa Company, ka palo e e sa itsegaleng ya baithaopi ba diokolone le Batswana ba le makgolo a supa fa godimo ba ba neg ba gwanta go ya Bulawayo go tswa kwa borwa ba eteletswe pele ke Khama III, Kgosi o a neng a na le tlhotlheletso e e kwa godimo mo magosing a Batswana, gape a ne a dirisana thata le ba Britain. Mephato ya Salisbury le Fort Victoria e ne ya gwantela kwa Bulawayo ka Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a mane ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi, masome a robabongwe le boraro. Mophato wa bogosi go tswa kwa Bechuanaland o ne o seo. Ba ne ba tshwanetse go gwanta ka Phalane a le lesome le borobaobedi ba ya kwa bokone kwa Bulawayo mme ba ne ba nna le kgotlhang e e seng ya sepe le Matebele gaufi le Mphoeng ka Ngwanatsele a le malatsi a mabedi. Ba ne ba goroga kwa Bulawayo ka Ngwatsele a le lesome le botlhano, tiego e e ka tswang e thusitse lefelo le le neng le nniwa ke ba Chartered Company le lesha go kopanngwa le Bechuanaland Protectorate. Go tsaya karolo ga Batswana go ne go supa go aga botsalano le keletso ya baeteledipele ba Batswana go lwantsha nonofo ya Matebele ba ba neng ba kile ba lwantsha dikgaolo tsa Batswana ka go di tlhasela. Morago ga tatlhegelo ya Matebele, maatla a dikolone tsa Britain a ne a atologa go ya kwa bokone, ba oketsa taolo mo kagolong.[21]
Merafe le babusi ka go farologanya
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Botswana
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Botswana wa gompieno o pele a neng a bidiwa British protectorate of Bechuanaland) o filwe leina le a reelelwa ka Batswana. Merafe ee robabobedi e e 'tumileng' mo lefatsheng leo e bua puo ya Setswana. Merafe yotlhe e, e busiwa ke dikgosi. Yo motona ke Kgosikgolo , yo o busang Ntlo ya Dikgosi (lekgotla le le gakololang palamente ya lefatshe). Motho o o nnang mo Botswana ke Motswana, fa ba le bantsi ke Batswana.[22][23]
Merafe e e tumileng ya Batswana ke:
Modimo o o nko e e metsi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Modimo o o nko e metsi Gantsi ga re lemoge fa tikologo ya rona e ama puo ya rona. Mo Setswaneng go na le dilo tse dintsi tse di amang ka fa re buang ka teng. Dingwe tsa tsone ga re di tseye tsiya, ga re tseye fa di ka nna le seabe sepe se se utlwalang mo go ameng ka fa re dirisang puo ka teng. Mme selo se se fitlhelwa mo puong nngwe le nngwe. Tsaya sekai, morafe wa MaEskimo (bangwe ba ka nna ba tsaya fa ke kgetholola, ba batla gore ke bitse morafe o ke re BaEskimo – ba tlaa nkinela diatla metsing.) go dumelwa fa o na le mafoko a mantsi a a rayang kapoko ka kapoko ke karolo e kgolo ya matshelo a bone. Fela kapoko e le karolo e kgolo ya matshelo a bone, rona jaaka Batswana kgomo ke yone pinagare ya itsholelo ya malwapa ka bontsi. Batswana ka ngwao re ba rua kgomo. E re ntswa dinamanyane di foforwa ke leuba, kgotsa bontsi bo hularela temo, kgomo e santse e le sesupo sa itsholelo e bile monna yo kgomo tsa gagwe di thibang marang a letsatsi o tlotlega setšhabeng. Kgomo e humisitse puo ya rona thata. Re ka akanya ka mafoko a mantsi a a amanang le kgomo. Ga re kitla re kgona go a nankola otlhe mme re tlaa kgotlha fela ka lotlhokwa.
Le rona fela jaaka MaEsekimo re na le kgumo e e boitshegang ya mafoko a a rayang kgomo. A re simolole fela ka gore ngwana wa kgomo o bidiwa namane, mme re bo re tswelela ka go tlhalosa dinamane. Mohungwana ke namane e e fitlhetsweng mo kgomong mmaayo a sena go swa. Lebotlana ke namane e e leng gone e tsalwang. Lesolemotlhabana ke lebotlana le le godileng. Lesole ke namane e e tiileng e e godileng. Moalolelo ke namane e e tlogedisitsweng go anya mmaayo. Kgomo e tonanyana e e sa fagolwang re e bitsa re re poo. Sempoo ke poo e e sa fagolegang sentle. Tshikela ke poo e e fagtsweng e godile. Mo kgomong tse di namagadi re a tle re re, letsetse ke kgomo e fetsa go tsala. Lephusa lone ke kgomo e dusitse e palangwe ke poo. Kgomo e e gangwang yone re e bitsa leradu. Fa e sa ntshe maši a mantsi re e bitsa re re motete. Fusa ke kgomo, e sena go koba namane gore e sa tlhole e anya – ra re e husitse. Mageri ke mašwi a e leng gone a remang a re a bitsang themisani. Moreba one ke kgomo e e sa tsaleng.
Khumo ya mafoko mo setswaneng
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Ke lekile go supa fa Setswana se humile mafoko a a rayang kgomo ka kgomo e le karolo e e botlhokwa ya matshelo a Batswana. Mafoko le diane di di ntsi tse di buang ka kgomo. Go na le ditumelo tsa Setswana tse di amanang le kgomo. Go dumelwa gore fa kgomo e jele lesapo la motho madi a yone a tlhakana le maši. Gape Batswana ba dumela fa dirwe dingwe tsa kgomo di sa siamela batho bangwe. Go na le dirwe dingwe tsa kgomo tse di jewang ke bomme, dingwe e nne tsa borra fa bagodi ba na le tsa bone. Dinama tse di tshwanang le bo telele, diphilo, mokoto le dinama tse dingwe ga di jewe ke mongwe le mongwe. Ka jalo kgomo ke karolo ya tumelo ya Setswana, ke sone se bangwe ba e bitsang modimo o o nko e metsi, le fa nna ke ebisa sešabo fela. Dikai re ka tsaya tse dintsi go supa fa re le baruakgomo, ka jalo a re kgwe mowa di ise di timela batho ba ga matshaba le kgomo matlogela temo e le seholela
Aforika Borwa
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Bontsi jwa Batswana ba nna kwa Aforika Borwa. Ke bangwe ba batho ba letso la mmala wa sebilo, mme gape Puo ya Setswana ke nngwe ya dipuo di le somelebongwe tsa semmuso tsa naga ya Aforika Borwa. Pele ga ngwaga wa 1994, Batswana ba kwa Aforika Borwa e ne e le baagi ba Bophuthatswana e leng bontlha bongwe jwa karolo ya dinaga tsa Bantustan. Ba kgaogantswe jalo ka nako ya dintwa tsa kwa Aforika Borwa tsa tlhaolele.
Mo bogosing jwa Setswana go tla Kgosi (go bo go tla yo motona ebong Kgosikgolo):
- Bafokeng (Lefelo la Rustenburg)
- Bafokeng
- Bafokeng Ba Ga Motlatla
- Batlhaping (Batshwara ditlhapi ba kwa lefelong la Taung), ba kgaogane pele ga ngwaga wa 1800, Batlhaping ke setlhopa kgotsa karolo ya barolong go tswa go Lowe, ke babina tholo ka tsalo eseng tlhapi (Ba ana tlhapi), bane ba bidiwa Batlhaping fela morago ga go sala fa nokeng ba tshwara ditlhapi, le mororo ele Barolong. Botlhe ba tshwanela ke go tsaya tholo jaaka phologolo ya bonne ka go tshwana.
- Batlhaping Bagaphuduhudu
- Batlhaping Bagaphuduhutswane
- Batlhaping Ba Ga Maidi
- Batlhaping Ba Ga Mothibi
- Batlhaping Ba Ga Bantsijang
- Batlôkwa
- Batlôkwa Ba Ga Sedumedi
- Batlokwa Ba Bogatsu
- Batlokwa Boo Matlapane
- Barôlông Barratlou
- Barolong Boorratlou Boomokalaka
- Barôlông Barratlou Boomariba
- Barôlông Barratlou Booseitshiro
- Barôlông Barratlou Boomakgobi
- Barôlông Boo Ratlou Ba Ga Phoi
- Barôlông Baseleka
- Barôlông Barrapulana
- Barôlông Barratshidi
- Barôlông Ba Ga Molefe Ba Moata
- Barôlông Ba Ga Makgobi
- Barolong Boo Morakile
- Barôlông Boo Lefifi
- Barôlông Ba Ga Moroka (Puthaditjaba, Free State, SA)
- Barolong Ba Ga Phathudi
- Bahurutshe (ba kgaogane pele ga ngwaga wa 1800 mo lefelong le le sa itseweng, ba bobedi ba ba ileng ba kopana le Bahurutshe ba Boomokgatlha gape le Bahurutshe Bagamoilwa, gape morago ba kgaogana gape). Mo ditsong le ne le kwadiwa gotwe Bahurutshe.
- Bahurutshe Ba Ga Mothogae
- Bahurutshe Ba Ga Gopane
- Bahurutshe Ba Ga Le-Ncoe
- Bahurutshe Ba Ga Mokgoswa
- Bahurutshe Ba Ga Suping
- Bakgatla, ba kgaogane go nna ditlhopha tsa
- Bakgatla ba Kgafela
- Bakgatla ba Mosetlha
- Bakgatla ba Mmakau
- Bakgatla ba Mocha
- Bakgatla ba Seabe
- Bakgatla ba Moche
- Bakgatla ba Mmanaana
- Bakwena
- Bakwena Ba Ga Molopyane
- Bakwena Ba Mare A Phogole
- Bakwena Ba Magopa
- Bakwena Boo Modimosana Ba Ga Mmatau
- Bakwena Ba Morare (Madikwe)
- Bakwena Ba Ga Sechele (Molepolole)
- Batlharo ba kgaoganela kwa: (Kuruman, SA)
- Batlharo Ba Ga Lotlhware
- Batlharo Ba Ga Masibi
- Bapo
- Bapo Ba Ga Mogale
- Baphalane Ba Ramokoka
- Baphalane Ba Mantserre
- Batlhako Boo Mututu Ba Ga Mabe
- Baphiring
- Bataung Ba Moubane
- Bataung Ba Hlalele
- Baphuting Ba Ga Nawa
- Batloung Ba Ga Shole
- Bakubung Ba Ratheo (Ledig/Patsima, Mankwe, Bokone-Bophirima, SA)
- Bakubung ba ga Marakwana
- Ba Nare
- Barokologadi Ba Ga Maotwa (Pitsedisulejang, Madikwe, Bokone-Bophirima, SA)
- Batlhalerwa
- Batlhako (Bokone-Bophirima, Mabeskraal)
- Batlhako ba Matutu
- Batlhako ba Leema
Mafelo a sele
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Mo Namibia gape le Zimbabwe Batswana ga ba age bope bontlha jwa merafe ya mafatshe e gope. Mme mo Namibia bonntse jwa Batswana ke Batlharo ba ba agang mo Metsweding, Mokaleng le Gobabis.
Leruo
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Tswana ke leina le lengwe la mefutla ya lerui la mo Botswana.
- Dikgomo
- Tswana (kgomo)
- Dinku
- Dipudi
- Dipitsi
- Ditonki
- Ditonki tsa Batswana di dirisiwa thata mo nakong ya leuba.
Dipadi tse dingwe
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ "The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 2015-10-15. Retrieved 2012-01-19.
- ↑ "South Africa's 2011 Census" (PDF). Statistics South Africa. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2005-05-05. Retrieved 2012-01-19.
- ↑ "CIA – The World Factbook". Central Intelligence Agency. Archived from the original on 18 January 2026. Retrieved 23 July 2026
- ↑ "Tswana | Culture & Traditions | Britannica".
- ↑ Smith, Edwin W. (1956). "Sebetwane and the Ma Kololo". African Studies. 15 (2): 49–74. doi:10.1080/00020185608706984.
- ↑ RAMSAY, JEFF (19 November 2018). "Mmegi Blogs :: The Vekuhane, Makololo And Malozi". Mmegi Blogs.
- ↑ "To the Victoria Falls – The Makololo". tothevictoriafalls.com.
- ↑ Livingstone, David (1857). Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa. London: John Murray.
- ↑ Landau, Paul Stuart (1995). The Realm of the Word: Language, Gender, and Christianity in a Southern African Kingdom. Heinemann. ISBN 978-0435089658.
- ↑ Parsons, Neil (2010). Botswana: A Short History. Macmillan Education. ISBN 978-0333570104.
- ↑ Boeyens, Jan C. A. (2000). "In Search of Kaditshwene". The South African Archaeological Bulletin. 55 (171): 3–17. doi:10.2307/3888888. JSTOR 3888888.
- ↑ Sadr, Karim (1 June 2019). "Kweneng: How to lose a precolonial city". South African Archaeological Bulletin. 74 (209): 56–62.
- ↑ Sadr, Karim (9 July 2019). "Kweneng: A Newly Discovered Pre-Colonial Capital Near Johannesburg". Journal of African Archaeology. 17 (1): 1–22. doi:10.1163/21915784-20190001. ISSN 1612-1651.
- ↑ "Laser technology shines light on South African 'lost city' of Kweneng". the Guardian. 8 January 2019. Retrieved 23 July 2026
- 1 2 Schapera, Isaac (1970). Tribal Innovators: Tswana Chiefs and Social Change 1795–1940. Athlone Press.
- ↑ "Botswana – History and Culture". iexplore.com. Retrieved 23 July 2026
- ↑ "Culture of Botswana – history, people, clothing, traditions, women, beliefs, food, customs, family". everyculture.com. Retrieved 23 July 2026
- ↑ Schapera, Isaac (1938). A Handbook of Tswana Law and Custom. Oxford University Press.
- 1 2 Ramsay, Jeff (1 January 1991). "The Batswana-Boer War of 1852–53: how the Batswana achieved victory". Botswana Notes & Records. 23 (1). ISSN 0525-5090.
- ↑ Ramsay, Jeff. "Mmegi Blogs :: The Guns of Khutiyabasadi (II)". Mmegi Blogs. Retrieved 23 July 2026
- ↑ "BSAP History: Campaigns". bsap.org. Retrieved 23 July 2026
- ↑ "We are Batswana; they call us Batswanan". Linguist Chair. Sunday Standard. Gaborone. 2 December 2015. Retrieved 23 July 2026
- ↑ "Botswana, People and Society, Nationality". The World Factbook. Washington, D.C.: Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 23 July 2026
- ↑ "History". Moumo.co.za. Retrieved 23 July 2026