Jump to content

Ditshedi tsa naga tsa lefatshe la Botswana

Go tswa ko Wikipedia
zebras
Tlou
Boroto ya Chobe National Park

Ditshedi tsa naga tsa lefatshe la Botswana di akaretsa diphologolo le dimela tsa lefatshe le. Sephatlho se sentsi sa lefatshe la Botswana se apesitswe ke ditlhare tse di phatlaletseng, go na le ditlhatshana kwa borwabophirima kwa mafelong a a omeletseng,go bo go nna le ditlhare le bojang mo mafelong a a emang metsi.[1] Le kwa go leng mogote jaaka kwa sekakeng sa Kalahari, mefuta e farologaneng ya dimela e a tshela, lefatshe le le na le mefuta ya dimela e feta dikete tse pedi le makgolo a matlhano, le mefuta ya ditlhare e le makgolo a marataro le masome a matlhano.[2] Dimela le maungo a naga le tsone di botlhokwa thata, e bile ke dijo, melemo le leokwane mo bathong ba ba tshelelang kwa sekakeng.[3]

Go na le mafelo a le mararo a tshireletso dihphologolo tsa naga e le a puso, go bo go nna le a le supa a a ikemetseng. A puso ke Chobe National Park, Nxai Pan le Makgadikgadi National Park le Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park. A a supa a a ikemetseng ke Central Game Reserve, Gaborone Game Reserve, Khutse Game Reserve, Mannyelanong Game Reserve, Maun Game Reserve le Moremi Game Reserve. Fa godimo ga foo, mafelo a mangwe a mannye a teng.[4]

Popego

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Sekaka sa Kalahari Desert, se se phuthulogileng mo molelwaneng wa bophirima se phuthulogetse mo mafatsheng a Aforika Borwa, Namibia le Angola, se apesitse lefelo la masome a ferabobedi mo lekgolong la lefatshe la Botswana.[5] Le apesitswe ke ditlhatshana, ditlhare, bojang le dikgwa tse di mitlwa. Kwa ntle ga dithaba le mekgatsha e e phatlaletseng, dithotha tsa metlhaba tse di kwa borwa di na le mekgatsha e e tlalang metsi ka nako ya dipula, e e tshegetsang ditshedi ka dikotla le bojang jwa yone.[5]

Mafelo a tlhokomelo ditshedi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Chobe National Park

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Chobe National Park e e dikaganyeditsweng ke mafelo a le mane a tikologo, e itsege ka go nna le diphologolo tse dintsi mo kgaolong ya Aforika. E simolotse e le lefelo le le ikemetseng ka ngwaga wa 1960 mme ya nna lefelo le le mo tlhokomelong ya puso ka ngwaga wa 1967. Mokgatsha wa Chobe River o mo bokonebotlhaba jwa lefelo le, o na le dikgwa tse di kitlaneng le dipoa tse ditala. Marshland of Savuti e mo bophirima. Hinterlad e fa gare ga marshland of Savuti kwa bophirima le Linyati Swamps kwa bokonebophirima. Basarwa [6] ke bone batho ba ntlha go thibelela mo lefelong leo ebile e le batsomi. Lefelo le le na le ditlou tse dintsi go feta mafelo a mangwe mo Botswana. Mebele ya ditlou tsa lefelo le ke e metona go gaisa tse dingwe, mme dinaka tsa tsone di dikhutshwane di bo di robega motlhofo. Dingwe diphologolo tse di fitlhelwang fa kwa ntle ga ditau,bophokoje,diphiri,dintsa tsa naga le matlotse ke bo magogwe, dikgokong, ditholo,dinare le dikukama.[7] Fa godimo ga foo mefuta ya dinonyane e feta makgolo a matlhano e kwadisitswe kwa lefelong leo.[8]

Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park (KTP), ke lefelo la tlhokomelo diphologo le le fa gare ga Botswana le Aforika Borwa, ke lone lefelo lantlha go bewa kwa borwa jwa sekka sa Kalahari ka ngwaga wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi kgwedi ya Motsheganong. Lefatshe la Botswana le tlhokomela bontlha jwa selekanyo sa 28,400 skm fa la Aforika Borwa le tlhokomela 9,600 skm.

Makgadikgadi and Nxai National Park

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Lefelo la tlhokomelo diphologolo la Makgadikgadi le Nxai Park le apesitse 7500skm, le simolodisetswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa. Le tlwaelesegile ka gore dihologolo di bo di fudugela kwa go lone ka jalo se sa baka go kopanngwa ga mafelo a mabedi ao go nna lefelo le lengwe. Le na le melapo ya Ntwetwe,Makgadikgadi,Nxai,Baines'Baobabs le Kudiakam.[9]

Moremi Game Reserve

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Moremi Game Reserve e kwa botlhaba jwa letsha la Okavango, lefelo le le biditswe jaaka kgosi Moremi wa BaTawana. Lefelo le ke le le ikemetseng e seng le le mo tlhokomelong ya puso. Se se ne se raya goe Basarwa ba ba neng ba nna mo go lone ba letlelelwa go tswelela ba nna mo go lone.

Khutse Game Reserve

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Lefelo la Khutse Game Reserve le simolotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobgwe le masome a supa le bongwe, le apesitse 2500 skm wa lefelo la Bakwena. Ga le na metswedi ya metsi e mentsi, ka jalo ga le na diphologolo tse dintsi. Diphologolo tse di nnang mo go lone di ne di tshela ka bojang jo bo tlhogang mo mekgatsheng se sa ngoka dibatana.[10]

Central Kalahari Game Reserve

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Central Kalahari Game Reserve, e e leng lefelo la bobedi le legolo thata mo Botswana le le akaretsang kgaolo ya disekwerekilometara di le 52 800 (20 400 sq mi), ke lefelo la dipoa tse di bulegileng, mafelo a letswai le dinoka. E na le dikgwa tse di kitlaneng tsa mopane kwa borwa le kwa botlhaba. Baagi ba koo ba ba sa bolong go nna koo go tloga bogologolo ba bidiwa Ba-Bushman kgotsa Ba-Basarwa kgotsa Ba-San. E itsege gape ka ntlha ya Deception Valley ya yone koo go ileng ga dirwa dipatlisiso ka diphologotswana tse di bidiwang brown hyena (Parahyaena brunnea). Go tsietsa e ne e le leina le le neng la newa mafelo a letswai a a mo mokgatšheng, a a neng a dira gore motho a akanye gore o bona metsi a le kgakala. Setlhaketlhake sa Tree e ne e le lefelo le legolo la go kampa fano. Buka e e itsegeng thata ya Cry of the Kalahari e ne ya dira gore lefelo leno le tume. Diphologolo tsa naga tse di jaaka thutlwa, tshukudu e e borokwa, phokojwe, ntša ya naga, cheetah, nkwe, tau, kgama e tala, eland, gemsbok, kudu, hartebeest e khibidu le springbok di bonwa kwa dipoeng le kwa mekgatšheng, segolo thata ka paka ya go tloga ka Sedimonthole go ya Moranang.[11]

Mafelo a go bolokiwang diphologolo tsa naga mo go one le a batho

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Lefelo la Tshireletso la Khama Rhino

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Khama Rhino Sanctuary e ne ya tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bobedi, e akaretsa diheketara di le dikete di robabobedi , makgolo a matlhano le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (21,210 acres) tsa Kalahari sandveld le Serwe Pan, segolobogolo go sireletsa ditshukudu tse ka nako eo di neng di le mo lenaaneng la ditshukudu tse di neng di le mo kotsing ya go thukhuthwa ka go bo go ne go na le poifo ya gore di ka nyelela. Go ne ga tlhomiwa mokgatlho wa setšhaba o o neng o tla sireletsa mefuta ya ditshukudu tse dintsho le tse ditshweu tse di neng di setse mo lefelong leno. Gape go na le mefuta e mengwe e le masome a mararo ya diphologolo le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano ya dinonyane mo lefelong leno. Go na le ditiro di le dintsi tse di ka dirwang fa o le kwa Khama Rhino Sanctuary tse di akaretsang, go kgweetsa, go tsamaya ka dinao le go lekola ditshukudu. [12]Lefelo la botshabelo ke trust ya setšhaba e e laolwang ke boto ya batlhokomedi ba ba tlhophilweng go tswa mo baaging ba lefelo la Serowe, Paje le Mabeleapudi . Tautona wa Botswana, Seretse Khama Ian Khama, Tlhogo ya Bamangwato, ke motshegetsi wa trust.[13]

Phaka ya Mokolodi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Phaka ya Mokolodi se na le bogolo jwa diheketara di le dikete di le lesome, ke serapa se se tlhokometsweng ke Mokolodi Wildlife Foundation, mokgatlho o ikemetseng ka nosi, gaufi le Gaborone. Ka ntlha ya maiteko a go tsosolosa ditshedi, tikologo ya yone e nnile le mefuta e mentsi ya diphologolo tsa naga tse di jaaka tshukudu e tshweu, Lengau, reedbuck ya kwa dithabeng, thutlwa, zebra, hartebeest e khibidu, sable, gemsbok, tse di nnang mmogo le diphologolo tsa naga tse di jaaka kudu, Phala, Phiri nkwe le phokojwe ya metsi. Serapa seno sa diphologolo se dirilwe jaaka lefelo la tshireletso ya tlhago le le nang le ditsela tse dintsi tse di ka tsamayang ka koloi, tse di dirang gore o kgone go bona diphologolo tsa naga o le gaufi. Tsamaiso ya phaka e rulaganyetsa go atolosa melelwane ya lefelo la tshomarelo go fitlha kwa Lion Park go lebagana le dikwena. [14]

Northern Tuli Game Reserve

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Northern Tuli Game Reserve ke lefelo le le sireleditsweng la poraefete le le akaretsang diheketara di le 46 000 (110,000 acres) tse di dirilweng ka dipoa tsa savannah, dikgwa tsa noka, mafelo a a bulegileng a a tletseng seretse le mafika a motlhaba. Ke lefelo le legolo go a gaisa otlhe le le sireleditsweng ke batho kwa borwa jwa Afrika. Ke lefelo le le nang le ditlou tse dintsi go gaisa tsotlhe mo lefatsheng. Mo godimo ga moo, go ile ga begiwa gore go na le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mararo le masome a matlhano ya dinonyane mo lefelong leno. Diphologolo tse dingwe tsa Botswana le tsona di fitlhelwa mo lefelong leno.[15]

Mafelo a go laolwang diphologolo tsa naga mo go one

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Mafelo a go laolwang diphologolo tsa naga mo go one (WMAs) ke mafelo a mo go one go dirisiwa ga diphologolo tsa naga go laolwang ke molao. Gantsi mafelo a a sireleditsweng a diphologolo tsa naga a dira jaaka mafelo a a sireletsang diphologolo tsa naga, ka gonne bontsi jwa diphologolo tsa naga di fetsa nako e telele di seyo mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng. Kgopolo eno e ne ya simololwa ka bo1980. Boikaelelo jwa yone ke go thibela gore lefatshe le diphologolo tsa naga di dirisiwang mo go lone go dira kgwebo, le se ka la fetolwa go nna lefatshe la temothuo le diphologolo tsa naga di bogisiwang kgotsa le e leng go nyelediwa mo go lone. Go ne ga dirwa ditshitshinyo tsa di-WMA di le lesome le bobedi, nngwe ya tsone e ne ya ganwa ke balaodi ba kgaolo.[16]

Dimela

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Kwa Botswana sekgwa se akaretsa 27% ya naga yotlhe, e e lekanang le 15,254,700 ha (37,695,000 acres) ya sekgwa ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi, go tswa go 18,803,700 ha (46,465,000 acres) ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi ,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi , dikgwa tse di tsosolositsweng ka tlholego di ne di akaretsa diheketara di le 15 254 700 (37 695 000 acres), mo dikgweng tse di tsosolositsweng ka tlholego go ne ga begwa gore 0% ya tsone e ne e le dikgwa tsa motheo (tse di nang le mefuta ya ditlhare tsa tlholego tse di se nang matshwao a a bonalang sentle a ditiro tsa batho) mme mo e ka nnang 11% ya sekgwa e ne e le mo mafelong a a sireleditsweng. Mo ngwageng wa wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano , 24% ya kgaolo ya sekgwa e ne ya begwa e le ka fa tlase ga beng ba setšhaba le 76% ya beng ba ba ikemetseng ka nosi. [17]

Mefutafuta ya dimela mo Botswana, e e amogelang palogare ya pula ya ngwaga le ngwaga ya dimilimitara di le makgolo a mane le masome a matlhano (18 in) fela, e tlhalosiwa ka kakaretso ka ditlhogo di le tharo tse dikgolo e leng, hardveld, sandveld le Okavango deltaveld tse di supang pharologano ya setlha mo boleng jwa yona jwa phepo, ka dimela tsa logong di rekota boleng jo bo kwa godimo fa go bapisiwa le bojang; Panicum e rekotile dikotla tse di kwa godimo ka nako ya dipula. [18]

Dimela tsa Hardveld di na le dimela tse di nang le ditlhare le bojang. Dimela tse di logong ke; Acacia karroo, Albizia anthelmintica, Balanites aegyptiaca, Mopane (Colophospermum mopane), Combretum apiculatum, Grewia bicolor, Grewia flavecens, Grewia monticola, Lonchocarpus capassa le Terminalia.[ [18]

Sandveld ya sekaka sa Kalahari e na le bojang, e leng Kragrostis pallens, Striagostis uniplumis, Anthephora pubescens, Schmidtia pappophoreides le Megaloprotachne albescens. Dimela tsa logong tse di begilweng ke Grewia avellana, Grewia retinervis, Lonchocarpus nelsii le Terminalia sericia.[ 19]

Okavango deltaveld e na le bojang le dimela tse di nang le matlhare. Dimela tse di nang le matlhare ke Ficus verruculosa le Hyphaene crinata. Mefero e e begilweng ke Phragmites communis, Dichanthium papillusum, Panicum repens, Andropogon encomus, Echinochloa pyramidalis le Imperata cylindrica.[18]

Diperesente di le masome a robongwe tsa Botswana ke savanna. [2]Go na le mafelo a mannye a dikgwa, fela kwa bokone jo bo kgakala go bapa le Noka ya Chobe. Ditlhare tsa Gruff shrubland di gola mo mafelong a a omileng a sekaka, fa ditlhare tsone di gola mo mafelong a a nang le ditlhatsana, segolo thata kwa Okavango delta e e nang le metsi a mantsi gore di kgone go gola. [1]Botswana e na le mefuta e e fetang dikete tse pedi le makgolo a matlhano ya dimela le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a marataro le masome a matlhano ya ditlhare.[2]

Ditlhare

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Setlhare sa Morula

Ditlhare tse di tlwaelegileng ke mopane, baobab, marula, acacia, motlhwa wa kamela, motopi (setlhare sa modisa), mokolane wa naga, papirase, setlhare sa mofeige sa sycamore, mokolane wa mmatota, mangosteen ya Afrika le setlhare sa boroso. Ditlhare tseno di gola thata mo mafelong a a nang le metsi a mantsi, jaaka mo mekgatšheng ya Okavango Delta.

Maungo a Morula

Setlhare sa Mowana, se se itsegeng jaaka mowana ka puo ya Setswana ke dingwe tsa ditlhare tse di tshelang nako e telele mo Botswana mme di ka gola go feta dingwaga di le dikete tse pedi .[2]Makape a sone a mmala wa botala jo bo serolwana, a phatsima. Dithunya tse ditona tse ditshweu, ka palogare di ka nna 12 cm ka bophara mme di tlhagelela magareng ga Kgwedi ya Phalane le Sedimonthole, fa maungo a mmala o o serolwana-botshweu a a ka nnang 24 cm ka boleele a tlhagelela ka Moranang-Motsheganong. [2]

setlhare sa Mowana

Setlhare sa marula kgotsa morula, se e leng sa lelapa la dimango Anacardiaceae, se gola go fitlha go boleele jwa 15 metres kgotsa 49 feet (le go fitlha go 20 metres kgotsa 66 feet) kwa Okavango Delta kwa sekgweng le kwa sekgweng,[3] mme se na le lekgapetla le le serolwana mme se na le matlhare. [2] Go tloga ka ka kgwedi ya Hirikgong go ya go Phukwi, matlhare a nna botala jo bosetlha mme kwa bofelong a nna mmala o o serolwana se se phatsimang mme a bo a wa mo karolong ya bofelo ya ngwaga ka nako ya mariga.[19] Mo dikgweding tsa selemo ditlhare di tlhagisa maungo a a kgolokwe go ya go a a kgolokwe, a a humileng ka Vitamine C,[3] a a nang le lekape le le bokete le le apesitseng mmudula o mosweu o o boreledi, o o tshwanang le matlhare o fetogang mmala o o serolwana kwa bokhutlong jwa setlha sa go thunya. [19]Gape e na le dithunya, tse di pinki le tse di namagadi le tse di bohibidu le bosweu le tse di namagadi.; tse di tonanyana di na le go nna dikgolo mme di tsholwa mo dithunyeng tse di sa phuthologang.[19]

Setlhare sa mokolane sa naga ke sengwe sa mefuta e mebedi fela ya ditlhare tsa mokolane tse di fitlhelwang kwa letsheng la Okavango , se sengwe ke setlhare sa mokolane wa mmatota. Palema, ke semela se se nnang se le setala, se na le go fitlha bogodimo jwa dimetara di le thataro (20 ft) mme se gola ka bontsi mo mekgotheng ya Botswana, mmogo le papyrus. [19]E na le matlhare a a bopegileng jaaka mafofa fa a bapisiwa le matlhare a a bopegileng jaaka difene a setlhare sa mmatota sa fan palm. Matlhare gantsi a gola go nna boleele jwa dimetara tse tharo go ya go tse nne (9.8-13.1 ft) ka matlhare a mangwe a a boleta a basal le a mangwe a a botala jo bo tseneletseng le go lebega a le magwata. Dithunya tsa tona tsa setlhare di na le mmala o mosetlha o o bosetlha jo bo bosetlha mme dithunya tsa caduceus le tse ditona di dinnye, di na le mmala o o botala jo bo botala. [19]

Setlhare sa mofeige sa sycamore ke sengwe sa ditlhare tse dikgolo tse di golang kwa Botswana, gantsi se fitlhelwa kwa Okavango delta se gola go fitlha go dimetara di le masome a mabedi . Setlhare se se nang le matlhare a mannye, se na le kutu e e phatsimang e e nang le lekape la mmala wa namune o o phatsimang mme se ungwa difeige tse di ka nnang bophara jwa dicentimetara tse tharo tse kgabagare di fetogang bohibidu jo bo phatsimang go nna bohibidu fa di butswa go tswa go botala mme di fitlha kwa setlhoeng sa tsone magareng ga kgwedi ya Phukwi le Sedimonthole. [19]

Sejalo sa African mangosteen se se tlhogang mo metsing se ka gola go fitlha dimetara di le lesome le borobabobedi (59 ft) ka bogodimo, se ka lemogiwa ka kutu ya sone e e senang sepe, e e kgaogantsweng ka go tshwana e e serolwana-botshweu e e tlhomologileng kgatlhanong le serurubele sa yone se se kitlaneng, se se lefifi thata. [19]Makgapetla a na le mmala o o serolwana mme setlhare se na le matlhare a botala jo bo tseneletseng, a a phatsimang a letlalo a a ka nnang 9 cm (3.5 in) ka 3 cm (1.2 in), a a nang le mothalo o o serolwana. Maungo a setlhare seno a na le mmala o o motopo le wa namune e e serolwana, a bophara jwa disentimetara di le pedi le sephatlo mme a bonala go tloga ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele go ya go Tlhakole.[19]

Setlhare sa mmilo, sa mofuta wa Vangueria infausta sa lelapa la Rubiaceae ke setlhare se sennye sa matlhare se se tlhogang mo nageng e e nang le ditlhare le mo sekgweng, segolobogolo mo mafelong a a nang le matlapa. E na le maungo a a jewang a mmala o o serolwana-borokwa, a boleele jwa go fitlha go 35 millimetres (1.4 in) ka bophara a peo ya ona gantsi e bonwang go dira sejo se se bidiwang nchwachwa ka paka ya mariga a a omileng. [3]

Mofuta wa setlhare sa boroso sa Kigelia africana se tlhoga kwa Okavango Delta, segolo thata kwa Xakanaxa, Third Bridge le kwa Mboma Island mme se kgona go fitlha bogodimo jwa dimetara di le masome a mabedi (66 ft), se se dirang gore e nne setlhare se se kwa godimo go gaisa kwa Botswana. [19] E itsege ka maungo a yone a a tshwanang le disoseje tse ditona mme a ka nna bokete jwa 4 -5 kg le boleele jwa disentimetara di le masome a matlhano le bophara jwa disentimetara di le lesome le botlhano.[19]Makgapetla a na le mmala o mosetlha le go nna borethe mo ditlhareng tse di sa ntseng di le dinnye mme a ka nna le matlhare a boleele jwa disentimetara di le masome a mararo (12 in) le dithunya tsa mmala o mohibidu o o lefifi go ya go o o borokwa tse di bopegileng jaaka dikopi tse di lekanang disentimetara di le lesome le botlhano mme di thunya ka kgwedi ya Phatwe go ya go Phalane. [19]

Diphologolo

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Mefuta e le robedi ya dinonyane, mo go tse makgolo a matlhano le masome a robabongwe le boraro tse di begilweng, e tsewa e le e e mo kotsing ya go nyelela mo lefatsheng lotlhe. Kgama ya kwa botlhaba (Bubulcus coromandus, syn. Bubulcus ibis coromandus) ke nonyane ya bosetšhaba ya Botswana.[20]

Diphologolo tse di amusang

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Diphologolo tse di amusang tse di fitlhelwang mo Botswana di akaretsa phiri ya naga, tlou ya sekgwa ya Afrika, civet ya Afrika, katse ya gouta ya Afrika, tshepe ya Afrika e e nang le methalo, phokojwe e e nang le methalo, phokojwe e e nang le ditsebe tse di bogale, katse e e nang le maoto a mantsho, phokojwe e e botala jwa legodimo, bongo (phokojwe), phokojwe e e borokwa, zebra ya Burchell, bushbuck, buffalo ya Afrika, Cape fox, Cape hyrax, Cape wild dog, caracal, cheetah ya Aforika Borwa, phokojwe e e tlwaelegileng, elandbok e e tlwaelegileng, gems, giant sable antelope, giraffe ya Angola, kudu e kgolo, pangolin ya mo mmung, hartebeest, hippopotamus, impala, Kirk's dik-dikunga, klipspringer, lech wildebeest, African leopard, tau, tau ya thaba, oribi, antel roanble, antelope, saelope, serval, Sharpe's grays

Dinonyane

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
Lenong

Mafelo a le lesome le bobedi a a botlhokwa a dinonyane a a tlhophilweng mo Botswana a le supa a one e leng mafelo a a nang le metsi mme a a lemogiwang le go tshegediwa ke BirdLife International a a itsegeng ka dinonyane tsa one a akaretsa go feta 25% ya lefatshe la naga. Dipaka tseno ke: Chobe National Park; Linyanti Swamp go bapa le Noka ya Chobe; Okavango Delta, Letsha la Ngami; Makgadikgadi Pans; Central Kalahari; Manyelanong Hill; Tswapong Hills; Boka Dam; Phakalane Sewage Lagoons; Southeast Botswana; le Gemsbok National Park. Thulaganyo e e simolotsweng ke IBA ke ya go tlhoma 'Site Support Groups' (SSGs), setlhopha se se rulagantsweng sa batho ba selegae ka maikaelelo a go "tshegetsa mefutafuta ya ditshedi go tshegetsa go itshedisa kwa metseselegaeng ya Botswana"; go na le di-SSG di le lekgolo le masome a matlhano mo mafelong a a botlhokwa a dinonyane tse go begilweng gore di a dira go ralala Afrika. Phokojwe ya maoto a makhubedu (Falco vespertinus), phokojwe ya amur (Falco amurensis) le tshukudu (Hirundo rustica) le phokojwe ya Kapa (Gyps coprotheres) ke dingwe tsa dinonyane tse di begilweng ke IBA go tswa kwa mafulong, mafulo, dithabana, kwa mafelong a Kalahari Highveld, di-delta le go dikologa matsha a a tlhodilweng ke matamo.[21]

Botswana Bird Club (BBC) e e tlhomilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi, jaanong e bidiwa gape ka BirdLife Botswana[22] e rotloetsa kitso le kgatlhego ya dinonyane mme gape e gatisa lokwalopaka lwa semmuso lo lo bidiwang The Babbler le lekwalodikgang la kotara le le itsegeng jaaka The Familiar Chat le le buang ka dikgang tsotlhe tsa tshomarelo ya dinonyane, patlisiso le katiso mo Botswana.[23]

Mafika a mannye a Manyelanong Game Reserve a sireletsa setlhopha sa dinonyane tsa Cape vultures, e leng sone se segolo go gaisa tsotlhe mo Botswana mme ka jalo se bidiwa "Otse Vulture Colony" ka gonne dinonyane tsa teng ke mofuta wa ditshedi tse di mo kotsing ya go nyelela tse di sireleditsweng ke molao. Tshireletso e dirile gore mofuta ono o kgone go ntsifala; palo ya ona mo dingwageng tsa bosheng ke dipara di le masome a supa tse di tsadisang tse di bonweng mo koloning.[24]

Lefelo le le Sireleditsweng la Dinonyane la Nata

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Lefelo le le Sireleditsweng la Dinonyane la Nata, e e tlhomilweng mo masimologong a dingwaga tsa bo sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe, e kwa ntlheng ya bokone-botlhaba jwa Sowa Pan. E na le bogolo jwa disekwerekilometara di le makgolo a mabedi le masome a mararo mme e tlhokometswe jaaka porojeke ya setšhaba go boloka mefuta ya dinonyane e le lekgolo le masome a marataro le botlhano. Dingwe tsa mefuta e go begilweng ka yone ke tse di jang dinotshe, tse di jang dinotshe, tse di jang ntsu, tse di jang dinotshe le tse di jang dinotshe. Dinonyane tsa metsi tsa mo Afrika di thologela mo lefelong leno ka mariga; mefuta ya dinonyane tse go begilweng ka tsone ke tse di bidiwang di-teal, di-duck, di-geese, di-pelican, di-spoonbill, di-flamingo le di-flamingo tse dinnye. Di-flamingo le di-pelican le tsone di nna mo lefelong leno. [25]

Dithutlwa

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a malthano le bone go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le boraro, go ile ga begwa mefuta e le masome a martaro leboraro ya di-mollusk (di-bivalve di le lesome le boraro, di-snail tsa metsi a a letswai di le masome a mabedi le bone, di-snail tsa mo lefatsheng di le masome a mabedi le bone le di-slug di le pedi) mo mefuteng e le masome a mane le boraro le mo malapeng a le masome a mabedi le bongwe. Gape go na le mefuta e le menè e e tsentsweng mo nageng: Cornu aspersum, Lissachatina fulica, Physella acuta le Radix auricularia, e e ka nnang ya nna dijalo tse di tlhaselang le tse di tshwenyang ikonomi. Bontsi jwa mefuta e e fitlhelwa kwa dikgaolong tsa letsha la Okavango le Chobe  - Linyanti  -Kwando noka tsamaiso go bapa le East Caprivi[26]

Go na le mefuta e ka nna makgolo a mararo le masome a supa ya di-lepidoptera tse di begilweng mo Botswana, le mefuta e e fetang makgolo a mabedi le masome a matlhano ya dirurubele le mefuta e le lekgolo le lesome le botlhano ya dinonyane. [27][28]

Lefelo la Diphologolo la Gaborone

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Gaborone Game Reserve, e e gaufi le toropo ya Gaborone, e na le lefelo le lennye la diheketara di le 600 (1.500 acres) mme e na le mafelo a a rategang a go lebelela diphologolo mo mebileng. E na le dinonyane tse dintsi le diphologolo tsa naga mo tikologong ya yone. Lefelo leno le na le dikgwa le dikgwa tse di nang le mebitlwa le dikgwa tsa noka le mafelo a a nang le dithotobolo tse di ngokang dinonyane tse di farologaneng tse di jaaka dinonyane tse di jang nama, ntsu ya noga, boubou e e bohibidu jo bo letlhololo (mofuta wa nonyane e e jang nama e e mebalabala) le gallinule. Mefuta ya diphologolo tse di bonwang fano ke ditshukudu, di-impala, di-kudu, di-ostrich, di-gnu, di-zebra, di-gemsbok, di-bushbuck, di-springbok, di-duiker, di-giant eland (Taurotragus derbianus gape e itsiwe jaaka Lord Derby eland), e e leng antelope e kgolo go gaisa mo Afrika. [29]

Lefelo la Tshireletso la Moremi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]

Lefelo la Tshireletso la Moremi, le le tlhomilweng ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano mme ya atolosiwa mo dingwageng tse di fetileng mme jaanong e akaretsa lefelo la disekwerekilometara di le dikete tse nne,makgolo a robabobedi le masome a supa le bongwe, ke lefelo la dikgwa tsa mopane le dikgwa tsa acacia, dipoa tsa merwalela le matsha. Go bolelwa gore ke nngwe ya mafelo a mantle thata a a sireleditsweng mo Afrika a a tlhokometsweng ke Lephata la Ditshedi Tsa Naga le Dipaka Tsa Naga. Dinonyane tse di nnang mo phakeng eno di dintsi e bile di na le mefuta e e farologaneng; gantsi go bonwa dinonyane tsa metsi le tse di ditlhong tse di nnang mo sekgweng. Diphologolo tse dingwe tsa naga tse di jaaka ditlou, dinare (tse di fitlhelwang ka palo e kgolo mo Letamong la Dinare), ditshukudu di le mmalwa le lechwe e khibidu.[30]Moremi gape e itsege thata ka go bona dintša tsa naga tsa Afrika.[31]

Metswedi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
  1. 1 2 Behnke,Alison (1 February 2009)."Botswana in Pictures".Twenty-First Century Books.p 14. ISBN 978-1-57505-953-2.Retrieved 3 April 2011. etrieved R
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Botswana:Plants".Kidcyber.com.Retrieved 3 April 2011.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Motlhanka, D.M.T., P. Motlhanka and T. Selebatso."Edible Indigenous Wild Fruit Plants of Eastern Botswana" (PDF).Gaborone: Department of Basic Sciences, Botswana College of Agriculture, International Journal of Poultry Science..Retrieved 3 April 2011.
  4. ↑ Main,Michael.(31 October 2001)."African adventurer's guide to Botswana".Struik.PP 206–.ISBN 978-1-86872-576-2.Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  5. 1 2 "Geographical Info".(2006).Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation.Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  6. ↑ Barnard,Alan.(2007)."Anthropology and the bushman".Berg.Oxford.ISBN 978-1-84788-330-8. OCLC 560526388.
  7. ↑ "Chobe National Park".(2006).Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation.Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  8. ↑ "Chobe National Park".(2016).Chobe.com.Retrieved 10 July 2017.
  9. ↑ "Makgadikgadi and Nxai Pan National Park".(2006).Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation.Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  10. ↑ "Khutse Game Reserve".(2006).Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation.Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  11. ↑ "Central Kalahari Game Reserve". Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006. Retrieved 4 April 2011
  12. ↑ "Khama Rhino Sanctuary". Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006. Archived from the original on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  13. ↑ Khama Rhino Sanctuary, November 2017". Independent Travellers. independent-travellers.com. Retrieved March 21, 2018.
  14. ↑ "Mokolodi Nature Reserve". Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  15. ↑ "The Mashatu Game Reserve". Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  16. ↑ Parry, DC* & Campbell, B. (1990). "Wildlife management areas of Botswana". Botswana Notes & Records, 22 (1), 65-77.
  17. ↑ Terms and Definitions FRA 2025 Forest Resources Assessment, Working Paper 194. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2023.
  18. 1 2 3 International Livestock Centre for Africa. African Forage Plant Genetic Resources, Evalulation of Forage Germplasm and Extensive Livestock Production Systems. ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). pp. 37–. GGKEY:1WUC5B1U5L6. Retrieved 5 April 2011.
  19. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Plants". Botswana Tourism Organization. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
  20. ↑ "Birds of Botswana". Wildlife and nature guides to the world. 6 April 2011.
  21. ↑ "Important Bird Areas (IBAs)". BirdLife International. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  22. ↑ "BirdLife Botswana |". www.birdlifebotswana.org.bw. Retrieved 2021-05-24.
  23. ↑ "Botswana:BirdLife Botswana (BLB)". Birdlife International. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  24. ↑ "Manyelanong Game Reserve". Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006.
  25. ↑ "Nata Bird Sanctuary". Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006. Archived from the original on 1 March 2011. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  26. ↑ Rapalai, B.L. (2024). "An annotated checklist of molluscs recorded from Botswana". Indago. 41: 15–44. doi:10.5281/zenodo.13132605.
  27. ↑ African Butterfly Database
  28. ↑ "Afrotropical Butterflies". Archived from the original on 2008-11-21. Retrieved 2026-07-26.
  29. ↑ "Gaborone Game Reserve". Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  30. ↑ "Moremi Game Reserve". Official website of the Botswana Tourism Organisation. 2006. Retrieved 4 April 2011.
  31. ↑ "Moremi Game Reserve". Moremi.com. 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2017
Retrieved from "https://tn.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ditshedi_tsa_naga_tsa_lefatshe_la_Botswana&oldid=53835"