Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana
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Khudutlhamaga ya Botswana ke molao motheo wa lefatshe botswana yo o etleletseng pele palamente. E gakololwa ke yo o eteletseng pele ntlo ya dikgosi ,e e seng ntlo ya palamente.
Khudutlhamaga ya gompieno , e ne ya tshegetsa ditlhopho tse di neng di tshwerwe ka Phalane a tlhola lesome le boratarongwaga wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe,e nale maloko a le masome a borataro le boraro .ba le masome a botlhano le bosupa ba ne ba tlhophiwa ke setshaba mo dikgaolwaneng .[1] Fa ba le bane bone ba tlhphilwe ka (sephiri ke khudutlhamaga e e leng teng) fa ba le babedi bone ba tlhophilwe ke (tautona gape le badiri ba melao .[2]
Le fa go ne go na le ba ba neng ba dira pele ga bokopano jwa setšhaba ka nako ya puso ya bokoloniale, e ne e se go fitlha ka boipuso ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966) fa Kokoano Bosetšhaba ya Botswana e ne ya tlhomiwa semmuso. [3][4]Go tloga ka nako eo, go nnile le ditlhopho tsa makoko a le mantsi tse di latelanang le diphetogo di le tlhano tsa tautona ka kagiso.[5][4]
Ga jaana, go na le maloko a le masome a marataro le botlhano a bokopano jwa setšhaba.[6]Batlhophi mo dikgaolong tse di nang le leloko le le lengwe ba tlhopha ka tlhamalalo maloko a le masome a matlhano le bosupa a paka ya dingwaga di le botlhano ka tsamaiso ya bontsi (kgotsa ya pele-pele-pele). Maloko a le marataro one a tlhophiwa ke Tautona mme a tlhophiwa ke lekgotla. Kwa bokhutlong, ba ba setseng ba babedi (Tautona le Sebui sa bokopano jwa setšhaba ke ba ofisi.[7][8]
Le fa go na le ditlhopho tse di sa kgaotseng, bokopano jwa setšhaba e ntse e tshwaiwa diphoso. Mo ditlhophong tsotlhe go tloga ka ditlhopho tsa motheo ka ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano (1965)go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), Botswana Democratic Party e ne ya fenya bontsi jwa ditulo mo lekgotleng la peomolao.[9][10]Mo godimo ga moo, baithuti ba saense ya sepolotiki ka dinako dingwe ba ne ba supa fa ba tshwenyegile ka bokopano jwa setšhaba ka ntlha ya basadi ba le mmalwa ba e leng maloko a Palamente le go golaganngwa ga yona le khuduthamaga.[11][12]
Dikgang tsa palamente
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Pego ya seemo sa setšhaba ka Motlotlegi Lt Gen
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Seretse Khama Ian Khama, Tautona wa lefatshe la Botswana, mo pulong ya setlha sa botlhano sa palamente ya boferabongwe.1. Motsamaisa dipuisano tsa palamente, ke lebogela sebaka se o se mphileng se, go itsise kokoano e e tlotlegang e, ka tshekatsheko ya diphitlhelelo tsa setšhaba sa rona ga mmogo le dikgwetlho, mo pegong ya me ya ntlha ka seemo sa setšhaba, e bile e le ya bofelo pele ga ditlhopho tsa rona tsa setšhaba. 2. Le fa go ntse jalo, re tshwanetse go itse gore, go diragatsa ditlhokego tsa setšhaba, ga go a tshwanela go lejwa mo ditirong tsa puso fela e le nosi. Bokgoni jwa go gatela pele.
Sojwe e gana molao kakanyetso
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Batho ba Sojwe ba re ga ba dumalane le molao kakanyetso wa gore ba duele matlo a bone jaaka go dirwa kwa ditoropong. Ba re ba ntse ba lebogela se puso se e se dirang ka mananeo a e a dirang a go inola Batswana mo lehumeng mme jaanong fa molao kakanyetso o o ka diragadiwa, o tsile go ba humanegisa le go isa matshelo a bone kwa tlase ka jaana go se na kwa ba tlaa tsayang teng madi.Ba buile jalo kwa phuthegong ya kgotla e e neng e tshwerwe ke mopalamente wa kgaolo eo, Major General Moeng Pheto mo bosheng fa a ne a ba lekodisa ka dingwe tsa dikgang tsa palamente e e fetileng.Mme Chaoto Ntsheki le Shoma Ramusu ba re fa molao kakanyetso oo o ka dirwa, molao o tsile go kokonela batho ba ba dikobo dikhutshwane ka jaana bangwe ba nna mo matlong a ba saleng ba a agelwa ke banna ba bone, le bana mme ba sa tlhole ba le mo botshelong.Ka molao kakanyetso wa mapolotiki a a fudugelang kwa diphathing tse dingwe, ba re dikgang tsa mofuta oo di a tshwenya e bile di isa seriti sa ditlhopho kwa tlase.Ba re a makhanselara a se ka a tsamaya ka tlhopho ya bone fa a fuduga.
Banni ba gakololwa go tsweledisa tebelopele
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Banni ba metse ya Maitengwe, Dagwi le Changate ba kopilwe go nna le seabe go diragatsa maikaelelo a Tebelopele ya setshaba ya ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borataro . Kopo eo e ntshitswe ke mopalamente wa kgaolo ya Nkange, Rre Edwin Batshu, fa a buisa diphuthego tsa kgotla mo metseng eo, ka Mosupologo. Rre Batshu a re matshego ao, ga a itebaganya le batho ba ba rileng mme ke a Motswana mongwe le mongwe.A re go nna setshaba se se rutegileng se na le kitso le mogodi go a kgonagala go diragatse tseo ka metlhale ya go rutega le go na le kitso e mentsi ebile ba ka e abelana le ba bangwe.A re go nna setshaba se se sirelegileng ga go bewe mo mapodising kana fela ba itshireletsoA re setshaba se tshwanetse go lwantsha borukutlhi, go tlhokomela loruo, le go tlogela mokgwa wa go thapa batswakwa ba ba se nang diteseletso.Rre Batshu a re ka seo ba tlaa bo ba diragatsa letshego leo.Mo go tse dingwe o ne a kopa banni ba metse eo, go tlogela diphapaano tsa sepolotiki ka jalo ba nne batho ba ba bopaganeng ba na le maikaelelo le maikemisetso a go tsweledisa metse ka ditlhabololo ba le moono mongwe wa go direla setshaba le lefatshe. A re fa ba ka nna le botho, ba bereka ka tshwaragano le lerato go sena kilano ba ka isa metse ya bone kwa Tebelopele ya 2016.A re ba le banni ba tshwanetse go tla ka maano/metlhale e e tla fokotsang seemo sa borukutlhi, koketsego ya masiela le go wela tlase ga thuo.Rre Batshu o ne a ba kopa go dirisa bokgola jwa pula ya ntlha go ya go lema le go epa disana gore ba kgone go lema ka diterekere ka lenaneo la ISPAAD.
Banni ba metse eo, ba ne ba lela ka leruo la bone le le tlolelang molelwane kwa Zimbabwe, mme fa le tla mono le bo le bolawa.Kwa motseng wa Maitengwe, banni ba ne ba kopa letamo le baka nosang leruo la bone. Kwa Dagwi ba ne ba ngongorega ka tsela, mooki mo kokelwaneng le go agelwa diofisi tsa kgotla.Ba ne ba lela ka lephata la metsi le ba boletseng fa le tletse boitseme.Ba bolela fa ba na le dingwaga ba dueletse go gokelwa metsi mo malwapeng nako kgolo ke neo, le mesele e ba ne ba laetswe go e epa e setse e katagesetse.Selelo seo sa ba lephata la metsi se ne sa utlwala gape kwa motseng wa Changate.Banni ba bolela fa bangwe ba duetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa.Fa a araba matshwenyego a banni bao, mookamela lephata la metsi mo khanseleng potlana ya Tutume, Rre Vincent Ragabane, o ne a solofetsa banni ba metse eo, fa ba tla thusiwa mo bogaufing.Rre Ragabane a re motse wa Maitengwe o ne o na le palo e ntsi ya baikopedi ka jalo ba tsere nako e ntsi ba leka go gokela le go phatlalatsa metsi le motse ka bophara le go gokela mo malwapeng.A solofetsa gore tiro ya kwa motseng oo e gaufi le go wela ka jalo ba tlaa bo ba simolola mo metseng eo, ka palo ya yone e le kwa tlase.Mopalamente Batshu fa a akgela mo go mangwe a matshwenyego a banni o ne a bolela fa a ne a tsile go ba leboga le gore ba itsane.A re ka dikgomo tse di bolawang di tloletse molelwane kwa Zimbabwe, ke maikaelelo a puso go nyeletsa bolwetse jwa tlhako le molomo.
Dikgoge tsa kwa ntle
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Palo e e leng teng mo bogompienong
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Maduo a khudutlhamaga a a fetlileng
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]| Diphuthego tsa sepolotiki | Ditlhopho tsa ngwaga | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1965 | 1969 | 1974 | 1979 | 1984 | 1989 | 1994 | 1999 | 2004 | |
| Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) | 28 | 24 | 27 | 29 | 29 | 31 | 27 | 33 | 44 |
| Botswana National Front (BNF) | - | 03 | 02 | 02 | 04 | 03 | 13% | 06 | 12 |
| Botswana People's Party (BPP) | 03 | 03 | 02 | 01 | 01 | - | - | - | - |
| Botswana Independence Party (BIP) | - | 01 | 01 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
| Botswana Congress Party (BCP) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 01 | 01 |
| Palo yotlhe | 31 | 31 | 32 | 32 | 34 | 34 | 40 | 40 | 57 |
Tsiboga :Mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le botlhano , phuthego ya Botswana Democratic Party e ne e itsege ka leina la Bechuanaland Democratic party fa ya Botswana People's Party yone e ne e itsege ka la Bechuanaland People's Party.
Le fa e ne e le yone phuthego e e neng e eteletsepele thata go tsweng kwa boipusong , ditlhopho tsotlhe tse di neng di tshegetswa go dumelwa gore e ne e le tsa puso ya batho ka batho, di gololesegile ebile di babalesegile.
O ka tsibogela
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- Ntlo ya dikgosi ya Botswana - yo o etleletseng pele khudutlhamaga.
- Ditso tsa Botswana
- Makalana a molao
- Palo ya dibui tsa khudutlhamaga ya Botswana
Coordinates: 24°39′31″S 25°54′38″E / 24.65861°S 25.91056°E [[Category:]]
- ↑ Botlhale, Emmanuel; Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2013). "The Uneasy Relationship Between Parliament and the Executive in Botswana". Botswana Notes and Records. 45: 39–51. JSTOR 90024373.
- ↑ Norton, Philip (21 December 2004). "How many bicameral legislatures are there?". The Journal of Legislative Studies. 10 (4): 1–9. doi:10.1080/1357233042000322436. S2CID 143950774.
- ↑ Lewis, Stephen R. Jr. "Explaining Botswana's Success: The Importance of Culture - Carleton College". www.carleton.edu. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
- 1 2 Tesfahun, Amsalu Tebeje (2015). "The Endurance and Decline of Single Party Dominance in African States: A Case Study of Botswana and Senegal". Ethiopian Journal of the Social Sciences and Humanities. 11 (1): 1–28.
- ↑ "Botswana: African miracle or African mirage?". africasacountry.com. 4 March 2018. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
- ↑ "Botswana's ruling party BDP wins general election: Chief justice". www.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
- ↑ "Botswana 1966 (rev. 2016) Constitution - Constitute". www.constituteproject.org. Retrieved 2022-03-10
- ↑ "Office-Bearers & Members". www.parliament.gov.bw. Archived from the original on 2022-10-19. Retrieved 2022-04-20.
- ↑ Poteete, Amy R. (2012). "Electoral competition, factionalism, and persistent party dominance in Botswana". The Journal of Modern African Studies. 50 (1): 75–102. doi:10.1017/S0022278X11000619. JSTOR 41474960. S2CID 154672233.
- ↑ "Botswana: législatives sur fond de crise économique – Jeune Afrique". JeuneAfrique.com (in French). Retrieved 2022-03-14
- ↑ Bauer, Gretchen (2010). "'Cows Will Lead the Herd into a Precipice': Where Are the Women MPs in Botswana?". Botswana Notes and Records. 42: 56–70. JSTOR 23237971.
- ↑ Sebudubudu, David; Maripe, Bugalo; Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Z.; Malila, Ikanyeng S. (2013). "The Mutation of Parliament into a 'Registration Chamber': Executive Dominance over the Legislature in Botswana". The African Review: A Journal of African Politics, Development and International Affairs. 40 (2): 33–59. JSTOR 45341655.