Bechuanaland
Bechuanaland e ne e le lefatshe mo borwa jwa Aforika le le neng le le mo tshireletsong le tlhokomelo ya lefatshe la United Kingdom go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Mopitlo e le malatsi a le masome a mararo le bongwe. Le ne la fetoga go nna Republic of Botswana ka ngwaga wa 1966 kgwedi ya Lwetse e le malatsi a le masome a mararo.[1]
Ditso
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]Morongwa wa lotso lwa Scottish John Mackenzie o o tshotsweng ka ngwaga wa 1835 a tlhokafala ka 1899, o a neng a tsena kereke ya London Missionary Society (LMS),[2] a nna kwa motseng wa Shoshong go tswa ka ngwaga wa 1862 go tsena ka wa 1876, o ne a dumela gore Bangwato le ma Aforika a mangwe ba a neng a bereka le bone ba ne ba tshosediwa ke batho ba ba itsege e le ba lotso lwa Seburu go tswa kwa borwa. O ne a bolotsa letsholo la go simolodisa lefatshe la Bechuanaland mo tlhokomelong ya Britain.[3]
Mo lokwalong lwa gagwe lwa Austral Africa: losing it or Ruling it, Mackenzie o ranola ditiragalo tse di bakileng go simolodisiwa ga lefatshe le la tshireletso. Ka thotloetso ya ga Mackenzie, ka ngwaga wa 1885 kgwedi ya Firikgong, palamente ya Britain e ne ya tsaya tshwetso ya go romela setlhopha sa masole kwa Aforika Borwa ba ya go gatelela bolaodi jwa Britain mo lefelong leo. Sir Charles Warren o ne a etelela pele sesole sa batho ba le dikete di le nne go tswa kwa Cape Town. Morago ga go diragatsa ditumalano le magosi a mafatshe a Aforika a le mmalwa, Warren o ne a bolela fa tshireletso ya lefatshe e simologa ka ngwaga wa 1885 kwegi ya Mopitlo.[4] Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse gone mo ngwageng o o, lefatshe la Batswana kwa borwa jwa noka ya Molopo le ne la tsewa ke puso ya bokolone ya British Bechuanaland. Mackenzie o ne a na le Warren , mme lokwalo lwa Austral Africa lo fa tlhaloso ya ditiragalo tse.[5]
Bechuanaland o ne a raya "lefatshe la Batswana" mme le ne la kgaogangwa gabedi. Kwa bokone go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le lefatshe la Bechanaland fa kwa borwa go ne ga tsamaisiwa e le kolone ya British Bechuanaland. British Bechuanaland o ne a tsenngwa mo koloneng ya Cape Colony ka ngwaga wa 1895 mme janong ke bontlha bongwe jwa lefatshe la Aforika Borwa.[6]
Bokone jwa lefatshe e bong Bechuanaland Protectorate, bo ne bo le botona jwa 225,000 miles le palo ya batho ya dikete di le lekgolo, masome a mabedi le makgolo a supa, masome a supa le borataro. Lefelo leo le ne le nniwa ke merafe e metona ya Batswana e le meraro: Bangwato, Bakwena le Bangwaketse, ga mmogo le merafe e mebotlana jaaka Balete le Bakgatla. Ba bangwe ba ba neng ba nna foo e ne e le ditlogolwana tsa ba ba simolotseng go nna foo e bong Basarwa le Bakalaka ba ba neng ba gapetswe lefatshe ke Batswana ka nako ya fa go fudugelwa kwa borwa.[7]
Puso ya Britain e ne e solofetse go neela lefatshe la Rhodesia kgotsa Aforika Borwa tsamaiso ya lefatshe, mme baganetsi ba Batswana ba tsaya tshetswo ya go sala mo tlhokomelong ya molao wa Britain go fitlhelela leaftshe le tsaya boipuso ka ngwaga wa 1966.
Bechuanaland Protectorate e ne lefatshe le le sireleditsweng le ikemetse e seng le le ka fa tlase ga puso ya lefatshe le lengwe. Kwa tshimologong baeteledipele ba Batswana ba ne ba neetswe nonofo mme tsamaiso ya lefatshe e neetswe sepodisi go sireletsa melelwane kgatlhanong le mafatshe a mangwe a Europe a a neng a ka tsaya lefatshe a le busa. Ka ngwaga wa 1891, Motsheganong a le malatsi a ferabongwe, puso ya Britain e ne ya neela tsamaiso ya lefatshe High Commissioner for South Africa, o a neng a simolola go tlhopha babusi kwa Bechuanaland.[8]
Lefatshe le ne le tsamaisiwa go tswa kwa Mafikeng, se e ne e se tlwaelesego gore toropokgolo ya lefatshe e nne kwa ntle ga lefatshe leo. Kgaolo ya Mafikeng e ne e bidiwa 'The Imperial Reserve'.
Motswedi
[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]- ↑ "Botswana profile". BBC News. 9 August 2012.
- ↑ McKenna, Amy (2023). "John Mackenzie British Missionary". Britannica. Retrieved 28/09/2023
- ↑ Northcott, Cecil (1972). "John Mackenzie and Southern Africa". History Today. Retrieved 28-09-2023
- ↑ Former deputy attorney-general Tendekani Malebeswa paints a different picture: "The imposition of a protectorate in 1885 by the British was a purely unilateral act to secure their own interests, and it was not in direct response to any request made by any person in what later became Bechuanaland Protectorate. On the contrary, evidence shows that Chiefs Bathoen I of Bangwaketse and Sechele I of Bakwena were sceptical about the protection, whilst Chief Khama III of Bangwato was most receptive to the idea (Morton and Ramsay). ... Warren informed Chiefs Bathoen of Bangwaketse, Khama of Bangwato and Sebele of Bakwena about the protection in May 1885 (Mogalakwe, 2006)." (from T. E. Malebeswa (2020): Tribal Territories Act, indirect rule, chiefs and subjects)
- ↑ Mackenzie, John (1887). Austral Africa: Losing It or Ruling It; Being Incidents and Experiences in Bechuanaland, Cape Colony, and England. London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle & Rivington. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 19 June 2014 – via World Digital Library.
- ↑ Morton, Fred; Ramsay, Jeff, eds. (1987). The Birth of Botswana: A history of the Bechuanaland Protectorate from 1910 to 1966. Gaborone, Botswana: Longman Botswana. ISBN 978-0-582-00584-6.
- ↑ Peters (1947), p. 1
- ↑ Tempolete:Harvnb