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Ian Khama Seretse Khama

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 Seretse Khama Ian Khama; [1]o tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Tlhakole e le masome a mabedi le bosupa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a matlhano le boraro (1953) [2]ke radipolotiki wa Motswana e bile e le modiredi wa pele wa sesole yo o kileng a nna Tautona wa bone wa Botswana go tloga ka kgwedi ya Moranang e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008) go fitlha ka kgwedi ya Moranang e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2018). Morago ga go direla ele moeteledi pele wa sesole sa Botswana, o ne a tsenelela polotiki, abo a nna mothusa tautona wa Botswana go simolola ka ngwaga wa 1998 go fitlha ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008), morago ga moo a tlhatlhama pppFestus Mogae jaaka Tautona ka kgwedi ya Moranang e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008). O fentse paka e e tletseng mo ditlhophong tsa ngwaga wa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe(2009) mme a tlhophiwa gape ka kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014). [3]

Botshelo jwa gagwe jwa pele

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Ian Khama ke ngwana wa bobedi wa ga Seretse Khama (yo neng a tshotswe ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le bongwe (1921) a bo a tlhokafala ka kgwedi ya Phukwi le le lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1980), moeteledipele wa Botswana wa boipuso le mopresidente wa gagwe go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a marataro le borataro (1966) go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete , makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi (1980), le Lady Khama. O belegetswe kwa Chertsey, Surrey, fa rraagwe a ne a nna kwa botshwarong kwa United Kingdom, ka ntlha ya kganetso ya puso ya bokoloniale le puso e e neng e sa tswa go tlhongwa ya tlhaolele mo Aforika Borwa ka ntlha ya lenyalo la gagwe le mosadi wa mosweu.[4]

Gape ke setlogolo sa ga Sekgoma II (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a marataro le borobabongwe (1869) a bo a thokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le botlhano (1925), yo e neng e le moeteledipele wa batho ba Bamangwato, le setlogolo sa ga Khama III (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a mararo le bosupa (1837) a bo a thokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le boraro (1923), kgosi ya bone. Rragomogolo wa gagwe wa Kgosikgolo Sekgoma I e ne e le tlhogo ya batho ba Bamangwato (o tshotswe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le lesome le botlhano (1815) a bo a thokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabobedi le masome a robabobedi le botlhano (1885). Leina "Seretse" le raya "mmu o o kopanyang" mme o ne wa fiwa rraagwe go keteka poelano ya ga rraagwe le rremogoloagwe; poelano eno e ne ya tlhomamisa gore Seretse Khama o tlhatlogela mo setulong sa bogosi fa rraagwe yo o tsofetseng a ne a tlhokafala ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a mabedi le botlhano (1925). Ian Seretse Khama o teeletswe ka rraagwe go tsweletsa boswa jono jwa hisetori. Gape o itsiwe ka leina Ian Khama go farologanya ene le rraagwe. Tshekedi Khama II, morwarraagwe Ian Khama, o ne a teeletswe ka malome wa bone, Tshekedi Khama yo e neng e le motlhokomedi le motlhokomedi wa ga Seretse Khama, Tautona wa ntlha wa Botswana.[5]

Thuto le tiro ya sesole

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Ian Khama o ne a rutwa kwa Waterford Kamhlaba, United World College kwa Mbabane,[6]le kwa Royal Military Academy Sandhurst.[7]Ke mokgweetsi wa sefofane yo o nang le bokgoni.[8]Ka kgwedi ya Moranang wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977), Khama o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka brigadier general a le dingwaga di le masome a mabedi le bone ka nako ya Bo Tautona jwa ga Sir Seretse Khama, a mo dira Motlatsa Molaodi wa Motlatsa Tautona wa maloba Lt. Gen. Mompati Merafhe. Moragonyana o ne a direla jaaka Molaodi wa Botswana Defence Force (BDF) go tloga ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borobabongwe (1989 )go fitlha ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998). Ka nako eno, Khama o ne a amogela ditlotla tsa sesole, go akaretsa le Founder Officer Medal ka go nna karolo ya Botswana Defence Force fa e ne e tlhomiwa ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a supa le bosupa (1977), Duty Code Order ka go ineela mo tirong, le Distinguished Service Medal ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997) morago ga dingwaga di le masome a mabedi tsa tirelo.[9]

Tiro ya sepolotiki

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Khama ka nako ya ketelo ya semmuso kwa Chile ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bosupa (2017)

Khama, yo o neng a direla jaaka Molaodi wa Botswana Defence Force, o ne a itsise ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole e le lesome le borataro ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le bosupa (1997) gore o tla tlogela tiro ya gagwe ka kgwedi ya Mopitlwe e le masome a mararo le bongwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998). Ka gore e ne e le letlha le le tshwanang le la go tlogela tiro ga Tautona Quett Masire, e ne ya tsosa dikakanyo tsa sepolotiki ka ga Khama.[10]Ka kgwedi ya Moranang e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998), fa Motlatsa-Tautona Festus Mogae a ne a tlhatlhama Masire jaaka Tautona, Khama o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka motlatsa-Tautona e yo mošwa. Le fa go ntse jalo, Khama o ne a se na setilo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba, mme ka jalo o ne a sa kgone go simolola tiro ya gagwe jaaka motlatsa-Tautona . Kwa tshimologong ya kgwedi ya Phukwi ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabobedi (1998) o ne a fenya ditlhopho ka bontsi kwa Serowe North, a amogela dithopho di le dikete tse pedi le makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabobedi le borataro kgatlhanong le dithopho di le masome a robabobedi le borataro tsa moemedi wa lekoko la kganetso la Botswana National Front.[11]Ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le lesome le boraro , o ne a tsaya setilo sa gagwe mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba mme a ikana jaaka motlatsa-Tautona.[12]Ka ditiro tse, o ne a tlogela maemo a gagwe a go nna tlhogo ya morafe a a neng a ise a ke a a tseye, ka gore dikgosi tsa molaotheo tsa Botswana wa segompieno di thibetswe semolao go nna le seabe mo dipolotiking tsa makoko. Bontsi jwa Bamangwato ba setso ba ne ba tswelela go mo tsaya jaaka moeteledipele wa bone.[13]

Morago ga phenyo ya Botswana Democratic Party (BDP) mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa kgwedi ya Phalane ka ngwaga wa sekete, makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe le borobabongwe (1999), Khama o ne a sala e le motlatsa-Tautona mmogo le Tona ya Merero ya BoTautona le Tsamaiso ya Setšhaba. [14][15] Mogae o ne a fa Khama ngwaga o le mongwe wa khunologo moragonyana mo ngwageng oo, tshwetso e e neng ya tshwaiwa phoso thata ke lekoko la Botswana Congress Party[16][17]le Lekgotla la Botswana la Mekgatlho e e seng ya Puso. Khama's leave e ne ya simolola go dira ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000).[16] O ne a boela mo tirong ya gagwe jaaka motlatsa-Tautona ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi (2000), le fa a ne a emisediwa jaaka Tona ya Merero ya Tautona le Tsamaiso ya Setšhaba ka nako eo.[18]

Khama, yo e neng e setse e le leloko la BDP Central Committee,[19]o ne a tlhophiwa jaaka Modulasetilo wa BDP ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le masome a mabedi le bobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le boraro (2003) kwa bokopano jwa mokgatlho; o ne a fenya modulasetilo wa pele, Ponatshego Kedikilwe, a amogela diboutu di le makgolo a matlhano le lesome le bobedi kgatlhanong le di le makgolo a mabedi le lesome le borobabongwe tsa Kedikilwe.Khama o ne a tshegeditswe ke Tautona Mogae mo maemong a gagwe, go bula tsela ya gore Khama kgabagare a tlhatlhame Mogae jaaka Tautona.[19][20]

Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le bosupa (2007), Khama o ne a tlhagelela mo thelebišeneng ya British mo thulaganyong ya dikoloi ya BBC ya Top Gear, a kopana le ba ba neng ba le teng fa ba ne ba ipaakanyetsa go kgabaganya Makgadikgadi Pan kwa bokone jwa Botswana ka koloi ya Top Gear: Botswana Special.[21]

BoTautona

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Paka ya nakwana, 2008 - 2009

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Mogae o ne a tlogela maemo a gagwe, jaaka a ne a boletse gore o tla dira jalo,[22]ka kgwedi ya Moranang e le bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008); Khama o ne a mo tlhatlhama jaaka Tautona. Kwa moletlong wa gagwe wa go ikana kwa Gaborone, Khama o ne a re go tla nna le tswelelopele mo pholising mme ga go na "diphetogo tse di tseneletseng", le fa a rile "phetogo ya setaele le kgatelelo e e kgethegileng mo mererong e le mmalwa" e ka nna ya bonala, mme a gatelela boineelo jwa gagwe mo temokerasing.[23] Ka bonako fela o ne a dira phetogo e kgolo mo kabineteng, mme a tlhoma Mompati Merafhe, yo e neng e le Tona ya Merero ya Selegae, jaaka mothusa-Tautona yo mošwa.[24] Fa a sena go nna Tautona, Khama o ne a tlogela maemo a gagwe jaaka Modulasetilo wa BDP; Daniel Kwelagobe o ne a tlhophiwa go mo emisetsa.[25] Khama ga a ka a tlhophiwa go nna Tautona mo ngwageng wa gagwe wa ntlha a le mo kantorong, o ne a tlhophiwa ka ntlha ya maemo a gagwe jaaka motlatsa Tautona. Babegadikgang bangwe ba sepolotiki jaaka Kenneth Good ba bona seno jaaka phoso mo tsamaisong ya ditlhopho mo Botswana.[26]

Tautona Khama o ne a tlhalosa ka tlhamalalo keletso ya gagwe ya go tlhoma lekgetho la bojalwa la 70%,[27]le le ikaeletsweng go lwantsha bothata jwa go nwa bojalwa go feta tekano kwa Botswana.[27]Go ise go ye kae, go ne ga lemogiwa gore go duedisiwa lekgetho leo go ne go tla nna le ditlamorago tse di sa siamang mo madirelong a bojalwa, a a neng a gana go duedisiwa lekgetho leo, mmogo le dibareng le mafelo a mangwe a go nwa. Moragonyana Tautona o ne a tlhoma lekgetho la 30% morago ga go buisana le baeteledipele ba madirelo, go akaretsa le Botswana Confederation of Commerce, Industry and Manpower. [28]SAB Miller o ne a tlhomamisa kemedi ya sedipolomate sa Borithane go leka go fokotsa lekgetho.[29]

Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabobedi (2008), molao wa Media Practitioners Act o ne wa fetisetswa mo molaong wa Botswana,[30]mme o ne wa tshwaiwa diphoso jaaka o o kgoreletsang kgololosego ya puo ke metswedi e le mmalwa ya dikgang.[31]Puo ya molao e batla go rotloetsa maemo a bobegadikgang a a nang le botswerere. Molao o itshupile o le bokete go o diragatsa kgotsa go o diragatsa.[32]

Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), Khama o ne a tlhagelela mo go CNN's African Voices e e neng e bontsha setshwantsho se se siameng sa Khama, mme ya re Botswana ke "kgang ya katlego" ya Aforika.[33]

Ditlhopho tsa 2009

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Mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa Botswana tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), Khama o ne a tlhophiwa go nna Tautona wa ntlha mo pakeng tse pedi. Ka tsela ya sepolotiki, letsholo la ditlhopho la ga Khama le ne le laolwa ke go ngangisana ga ka fa gare ga Botswana Democratic Party (BDP),[34]e e neng e kgaogantswe ka makoko a mabedi a magolo, A-Team[35] le makoko a Barata Phati.[36][37]A-Team e ne e eteletswe pele ke Tautona Khama, Jacob Nkate, yo e kileng ya bo e le tona ya thuto, le motlatsa Tautona wa pele wa moswi Mompati Merafhe. Lekoko la Barata Phati le ne le eteletswe pele ke Mokwaledi Kakaretso wa BDP wa maloba Daniel Kwelagobe, yo pele e neng e le modulasetilo wa lekoko, moswi Gomolemo Motswaledi, le motlatsa Tautona wa maloba yo o tlogetseng tiro Ponatshego Kedikilwe, yo o neng a eletsa go tlisa diphetogo tsa molaotheo eseng fela mo BDP mme gape le mo molaotheong wa naga. Pele ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), Motswaledi, yo a neng a tlogela maikemisetso a gagwe a go lwela setilo kwa Serowe gore a tle a kgone go bulela morwarraagwe Ian Khama, Tshekedi Khama II tsela, le ene o ne a sa letlelelwa go emela Gaborone fa a ne a thulana le Tautona Khama.[38] Motswaledi o ne a latlhegelwa ke kgetsi kgatlhanong le Khama fa Kgotlatshekelo Kgolo e ne ya atlhola gore Tautona o ne a itumelela tshireletso ya molaotheo go tswa mo kgotlatshekelo ka ntlha ya maemo a gagwe.[39]Morago ga tiragalo e, batshwayadiphoso ba ne ba latofatsa Khama ka go nna le mekgwa ya go busa ka thata; Go feta halofo ya BDP Central Committee ka nako nngwe ba ne ba akanya gore Khama o ne a dira go feta maatla a gagwe.[40]Ba bangwe, go akarediwa Khama le baemedi ba gagwe ba semolao, ba rile o ne a tsenya kgalemo fela jaaka karolo ya seabe sa gagwe jaaka tlhogo ya lekoko.[40]

Khama o fentse 53.26% ya diboutu, le bontsi jwa ditulo mo bokopano jwa setšhaba.[41]

Paka ya ntlha, 2009-2014

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Morago ga ditlhopho tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009), Motswaledi o ne a tswa mo BDP go bopa lekoko le lengwe la sepolotiki, Botswana Movement for Democracy (BMD).[42]

Khama o ne a baya thibelo ya go tsoma ditlou ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014).[43]

Loso lwa ga John Kalifatis, yo loso lwa gagwe lo diragetseng ka nako ya dipatlisiso tsa bogodu, lo diragetse kwa tshimologong ya botlhogo jwa ga Khama.[44] Polelo ya sepodisi ka ga Kalifatis e balega jaana: "Moswi, John Kalafatis, o ne a na le lekwalo la go mo tshwara le le neng le ntshitswe kgatlhanong le ene ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e le lesome le bobedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le borobabongwe (2009) ka ntlha ya bogodu jwa dibetsa gareng ga tse dingwe. Ka nako eo yotlhe, o ne a ntse a tshaba tshiamiso".[45]Batlhankedi ba ba amegang ba ne ba bolela gore ba ne ba dumela ka phoso gore o ne a batla go tshwara tlhobolo ya gagwe ka nako ya go thuntshiwa.[46] Metswedi e mengwe e ganetsa se, e bile e bolela gore Kalafatis o bolailwe ke maloko a Botswana Defense Force. [47]Maloko a mararo a BDF a a neng a le molato wa loso lwa ga Kalifatis a ne a bonwa molato wa polao, mme mongwe le mongwe a atlholelwa dingwaga di le lesome le motso mo kgolegelong.[45] Ba amogetse boitshwarelo jwa mopresidente go tswa go Khama ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bobedi(2012). Se se ne sa bonwa jaaka bosupi ke metswedi mengwe gore Khama o ne a na le seabe mo polaong.[48] Mmueledi wa mosekisi wa ga Kalifatis o ne a re "Ke eng se a se kgatlhegelang thata mo batlhaseding bano, re ka se belaele jang gore o ne a kgatlhegela kgetsi eno ka namana...?"[49]

Ditlhopho tsa 2014

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Mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa Botswana tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014), Khama o ne a fenya paka ya gagwe ya bobedi. Lekoko la gagwe le amogetse 46.45% ya diboutu, le bontsi jwa ditulo mo Kokoanong ya Bosetšhaba.[50]Pele ga ditlhopho, radipolotiki wa kganetso Gomolemo Motswaledi o ne a tlhokafala mo thulanong ya pharakano ka kgwedi ya Phukwi e le masome a mararo ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014). Le fa go ne go na le kakanyo ya gore tiragalo e e ne e tlhotlhelediwa ke sepolotiki, mapodisi a ne a swetsa ka gore loso e ne e le kotsi. [51][52][53][54][54][55]

Paka ya bobedi, 2014-2018

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Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), Khama o ne a fiwa kemo ya bongaka ya tlotlo mo go tsa saense ya sepolotiki go tswa kwa Yunibesithing ya Konkuk kwa Korea Borwa.[56]Morago ga go amogela degree, sereto sa semmuso sa ga Khama e ne e le "Motlotlegi Tautona Lefotenente Kakaretso Ngaka Seretse Khama Ian Khama".[57]

Maikutlo a sepolotiki

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Khama o ne a nna kgatlhanong le puso ya Zimbabwe, segolo thata Robert Mugabe. [58]O ne a dira jalo ka go gana go amogela puso ntle le fa e ne e na le maloko a Movement for Democratic Change (MDC) e e eteletsweng pele ke Morgan Tsvangirai. [59]Khama o ne gape a kgala tiro ya Tautona ya Sudan Omar al-Bashir mo kgaolong ya Darfur[60]mme a nna moganetsi wa dipuso tsa bosetlhogo mo Afrika mmogo le Tautona Jakaya Kikwete wa Tanzania le Tautona Levy Mwanawasa wa Zambia.[61]

Khama o ne a tshwaiwa diphoso ke batho bangwe ka go tsaya ditshwetso tse di sa siamang, go akaretsa le Tautona wa maloba Quett Masire, yo a neng a re BDP e ne ya tsewa ke batho ba ba batlang go solegelwa molemo ke maemo a a kwa godimo a puso.[62]

Ka fa tlase ga Khama, puso e tlhomile gape le Directorate of Intelligence and Security Services (DISS) e e nang le dithata tsa sepodisi, e e tsewang e le e e tshwanang le ya Botswana ya Federal Bureau of Investigation kwa United States. Le fa gone mofuta ono wa mekgatlho e se mosha e bile o fitlhelwa mo dinageng di le dintsi, o na le baganetsi kwa Botswana ba ba bolelang gore go na le matshosetsi a sekae fela a mo gae kana a a tsenang mo dinageng tse dingwe a mapodise le masole a sa kgoneng go a laola. Bangwe, go akaretswa le motsamaisi wa Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa, Siphosami Malunga, ba ne ba ganetsa gore setheo, se kwa tshimologong se neng se eteletswe pele ke tsala ya ga Tautona Khama, Issac Kgosi, se ka nna sa tsiediwa motlhofo le go dirisiwa kgatlhanong le baba ba sepolotiki kgotsa ba bangwe ba ba tshwayang Tautona kgotsa tsamaiso ya gagwe diphoso.[63]

Mo letlhakoreng la ikonomi, Khama e ntse e le mmueledi wa go tlosa Botswana mo go ikaegeng thata ka ditaemane le go farologanya ikonomi ya yone, segolo thata mo lephateng la temothuo le bojanala.[64]

Khama o ne a thibela go tsoma ditlou ka nako ya fa e ne e le tautona, mme a tshegetsa maiteko a go di sireletsa kwa Botswana. Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), o ne a tshwaya phoso Tautona Donald Trump ka go rotloetsa go thukhutha ditlou.[65]

E re ka Khama e ne e le motho yo o neng a sa nwe bojalwa, o ne a le kgatlhanong thata le bojalwa, a bo tsaya e le bothata jo bo masisi. [66]

O ne a tsaya kgato e e gagametseng mo dikgannyeng tsa ditshwanelo tsa batho tsa kwa Korea Bokone. Morago ga go kgaola dikamano le Korea Bokone ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le bone (2014) ka ntlha ya go tlola ditshwanelo tsa botho, o ne a tlhalosa bosetlhogo jwa ditshwanelo tsa botho mo bogosing jwa motshabi 'jo bo maswe go feta mathata a batshabi ba Aforika', segolobogolo ka nako ya leuba le legolo ka bo ngwaga wa sekete,makgolo a robabongwe le masome a robabongwe (1990). O ne a fa Yonhap News Agency potsolotso ka nako ya ketelo ya gagwe kwa Seoul, South Korea ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le botlhano (2015), a tshwaya diphoso baeteledipele ba Bokone ka go 'tshela mo nakong ya Stone Age' mme a bitsa ditiro tsa bona tsa go nna dikgoka di sa amogelesege.[67][68]

Go tlogela tiro

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Ka kgwedi ya Moranang e thola bongwe ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), Mokgweetsi Masisi o ne a ikana jaaka Tautona wa botlhano wa Botswana, a tlhatlhama Ian Khama le dingwaga tsa gagwe tse di lesome tsa boporesidente. Morago ga go sa utlwane le Masisi ka makgetlo a le mmalwa, segolo thata go mo latofatsa ka go nna le mekgwa ya go busa ka tsela e e gagametseng,[69] Khama o ne a swetsa go tlogela BDP mme a tsenela Botswana Patriotic Front (BPF), e e neng e sa tswa go tlhamiwa e e neng e kgaogane le BDP. O ne a lwela BPF, e e neng ya fenya ditulo di le tharo mo ditlhophong tsa kakaretso tsa ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019) kwa kgaolong ya Serowe.[70]

Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabobedi (2018), morago ga go tlogela maemo a botautona, Khama o ne a nna leloko la Boto ya Bolaodi ya Conservation International, e e leng mokgatlho wa kwa United States, o gape o dirang kwa Botswana.[71]Ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bongwe (2021), Khama o ne a ya kwa botshwarong ka boene, ka nako eo a neng a bolela gore go ne go na le leano la go mo tsenya botlhole.[72]

Ka kgwedi ya Sedimonthole ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bobedi (2022) kgotlatshekelo ya kwa Botswana e ne ya ntsha lekwalo la go tshwara Khama ka ntlha ya go nna le dibetsa tse tlhano tse di seng ka fa molaong morago ga go retelelwa ke go tlhagelela kwa kgotlatshekelo.[73]Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse e le lesome le boraro ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), Ian Khama o ne a boela kwa Botswana morago ga dingwaga di le tharo a le kwa botshwarong, go tla go tlhagelela kwa kgotlatshekelo le go kopa go gololwa fa a santse a emetse tsheko.[74] Ka kgwedi ya Ngwanatsele e le masome a mararo ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le bone (2024), o tsere maemo a gagwe gape jaaka Kgosikgolo wa BamaNgwato, a tsaya leina la bogosi Khama IV, mo gare ga meletlo kwa Serowe Sports Complex e e neng e tsenetswe ke batlotlegi ba bosetšhaba le ba boditšhabatšhaba, go khutlisa lekgolo la dingwaga la puso ya BamaNgwato.[75]Puso e e tlang morago ga ditlhopho tsa Botswana tsa 2024 e ne ya latlha ditatofatso tsa dibetsa, tse Khama a neng a re ke maano a sepolotiki a puso ya pele ya ga Masisi.[76]

Ka kgwedi ya Ferikgong e le masome a mabedi ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le masome a mabedi le botlhano (2025), Khama o ne a ikana jaaka leloko la Ntlo ya Dikgosi, lekgotla la bagakolodi ba ditlhogo tsa boswa ba ba gakololang Palamente. [77]Ka kgwedi ya Lwetse ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le botlhano (2025), jaaka karolo ya leano la mokgatlho la go atamalana le Khama ka fa tlase ga boeteledipele jwa Mpho Balopi, BDP e ne ya itsise go phimolwa ga go lelekwa ga Khama ka ngwaga wa dikete tse pedi le lesome le borobabongwe (2019) go tswa mo mokgatlhong, ka go dira jalo ya busetsa botokololo jwa gagwe. [78]

Metswedi

[fetola | Fetola Motswedi]
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  2. ↑ "True to tradition, Khama is born to rule Botswana", Sapa-AFP (Pretoria News), 1 April 2008.
  3. ↑ "H.E. Lt General Serêtsê Khama Ian Khama | The AAS". www.aasciences.africa. Archived from the original on 16 April 2021. Retrieved 2021-04-16.
  4. ↑ Arnold, Guy (29 May 2002). "Obituary: Lady Ruth Khama". The Guardian.
  5. ↑ "President Seretse Khama | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za.
  6. ↑ "Waterford Kamhlaba Background". Archived from the original on 14 April 2012. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
  7. ↑ Gordon Bell "Botswana's leader to keep winning formula", Reuters (IOL), 30 March 2008.
  8. ↑ "Inside how Khama's love for flying took away Botswana's innocence | Sunday Standard". 11 November 2018. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  9. ↑ "Khama barred from using BDF facilities". Botswana Weekend Post. 24 June 2019. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  10. ↑ "Botswana: Army commander announces he will retire at end of March 1998", SAPA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 18 December 1997.
  11. ↑ "Botswana: Ian Khama wins by-election and can therefore be vice-president", SAPA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 6 July 1998.
  12. ↑ "Botswana: Ian Khama takes parliamentary seat, sworn in as vice-president", SAPA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 13 July 1998.
  13. ↑ "Botswana's new high flyer". BBC. 2 April 2008. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  14. ↑ Ernest Chilisa, "Major shake-up after Botswana poll", Saturday Star (IOL), 22 October 1999.
  15. ↑ "Botswana: President Mogae appoints new cabinet", Radio Botswana (nl.newsbank.com), 21 October 1999.
  16. 1 2 "Botswana: President Mogae faces court action", PANA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 23 December 1999.
  17. ↑ "Botswana: Vice-president's year-long sabbatical leave criticized", PANA news agency (nl.newsbank.com), 3 January 2000.
  18. ↑ "Botswana: Vice-president "resumes duty"; cabinet reshuffle reported", Radio Botswana (nl.newsbank.com), 30 August 2000.
  19. 1 2 "BOTSWANA: FeatureTempolete:Spaced ndashleadership contest may test stability", IRIN, 19 June 2003.
  20. ↑ "BOTSWANA: Khama win eases Mogae's concerns", IRIN, 23 July 2003.
  21. ↑ Top Gear: Botswana Special, Top Gear Series 10, episode 4, BBC, broadcast 4 November 2007.
  22. ↑ "Botswana's Mogae set to retire", AFP (IOL), 15 July 2007.
  23. ↑ "New president calms nerves", AFP (IOL), 1 April 2008.
  24. ↑ "Khama fires five ministers" Tempolete:Webarchive, Mmegi Online, 2 April 2008.
  25. ↑ "DK is BDP chairman", BOPA, 8 April 2008.
  26. ↑ Good, Kenneth (2008). Diamonds, Dispossession and Democracy in Botswana. London: African Issues
  27. 1 2 Pitso, Joseph M. N.; Obot, Isidore S. (2011). "Botswana alcohol policy and the presidential levy controversy". Addiction. 106 (5): 898–905. doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.2011.03365.x. ISSN 1360-0443. PMID 21477246.
  28. ↑ "Khama, the jihadist who battled alcohol". Club of Mozambique. 22 March 2016. Archived from the original on 4 March 2025. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  29. ↑ "Botswana sobers up". Financial Times.
  30. ↑ "Media Practitioners Act, 2008" (PDF). Parliament of Botswana. 22 December 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 February 2024. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  31. ↑ "Mmegi Online :: Media Practitioners Act: MISA disappointed". Mmegi Online. 15 April 2019
  32. ↑ Lesemela, Keikantse (29 January 2019). "Pressure mounts on Masisi to repeal draconian Media Practitioners' Act". Botswana Guardian. Archived from the original on 3 December 2021. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
  33. ↑ "African Voices: Ian Khama". CNN
  34. ↑ "Is Multi-Party Politics Democracy?". Times Of Swaziland. 6 September 2009
  35. ↑ "Mmegi Online :: The BDP split: End of an era?". Mmegi Online. 22 March 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2020
  36. ↑ Lotshwao, Kebapetse (2014). "Donor Assistance and Democracy in Botswana". SSRN Working Paper Series. doi:10.2139/ssrn.2497797. ISSN 1556-5068. S2CID 155532700.
  37. ↑ "Mmegi Online :: We are almost there: Barata-Phathi". Mmegi Online. 23 April 2010. Retrieved 25 May 2020
  38. ↑ Botlhomilwe, Mokganedi Zara; Sebudubudu, David; Maripe, Bugalo (2011). "Limited freedom and intolerance in Botswana". Journal of Contemporary African Studies. 29 (3): 331–348. doi:10.1080/02589001.2011.581501. S2CID 153771262.
  39. ↑ Party Systems and Democracy in Africa, Doorenspleet, R., Nijzink,
  40. 1 2 "Khama reinstates Motswaled". Sunday Standard. 1 September 2009.
  41. ↑ "EISA Botswana: 2009 National Assembly election results". www.eisa.org.
  42. ↑ Lotshwao, Kebapetse; Suping, Kekgaoditse (2013). "The 2010 split of the Botswana Democratic Party". Botswana Journal of African Studies (27). PULA – via ResearchGate.
  43. ↑ "Botswana auctions off permits to hunt elephants". BBC News. 7 February 2020.
  44. ↑ "Who murdered Botswana's John Kalafatis". Bulawayo24 News.
  45. 1 2 "STATE v MOTHOBI AND OTHERS 2011 2 BLR 330 HC". High Court, Lobatse. 22 June 2011. Archived from the original on 10 June 2020.
  46. ↑ PIET, BAME (31 March 2017). "Mmegi Online :: Kalafatis brother demands P16million from govt". Mmegi Online.
  47. ↑ PIET, BAME (31 March 2017). "Mmegi Online :: Kalafatis brother demands P16million from govt". Mmegi Online.
  48. ↑ "Mmegi Online :: Khama frees Kalafatis killers". Mmegi Online. 8 March 2010.
  49. ↑ "Khama sets Kalafatis killers free". Sunday Standard. 7 June 2012.
  50. ↑ "EISA Botswana: 2014 National Assembly election results". www.eisa.or
  51. ↑ "DISS whistleblower claims Motswaledi was assassinated". Sunday Standard. 1 September 2014.
  52. ↑ "President Khama election rival killed in car accident". Bulawayo24 News. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  53. ↑ "Gomolemo Motswaledi passes on". Botswana Daily News. Radio Botswana. 30 July 2014. Archived from the original on 23 September 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2014.
  54. 1 2 "Gomolemo Motswaledi killed?". Bulawayo24. Bulabayo24. 3 August 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  55. ↑ "Was Gomolemo Motswaledi killed?". Botswana Guardian. Botswana Guardian. 3 August 2014. Archived from the original on 8 August 2014. Retrieved 3 August 2014.
  56. ↑ "Dr Ian Khama; the politics of honorary degrees – Botswana Guardian". www.botswanaguardian.co.bw.
  57. ↑ "Mmegi Online :: President Khama has a new official name". Mmegi Online. 11 February 2016.
  58. ↑ "Botswana's Khama tells Mugabe to go". Reuters. 17 November 2017 – via www.reuters.com.
  59. ↑ Banya, Nelson (14 August 2008). "Khama to boycott summit if no Zimbabwe deal". Reuters – via www.reuters.com.
  60. ↑ Article Title
  61. ↑ "Liberation leaders who become tyrants". www.thezimbabwean.co. Retrieved 21 May 2024.
  62. ↑ Morton, Barry. "President Masire's Final Message to Botswana" – via www.academia.edu
  63. ↑ "Botswana unravels: unmasking Africa's democracy poster child". The Africa Report.com. 28 August 2019.
  64. ↑ "Botswana determined to diversify its economy". 13 October 2009.
  65. ↑ "Botswana's Ian Khama: Trump encouraging elephant poaching". BBC News. 16 March 2018.
  66. ↑ "President Ian Khama: Emboldened by evidence to reduce harms of alcohol use in Botswana". Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. 11 May 2015. Retrieved 9 January 2025.
  67. ↑ "北韩人权惨无人道 竟不如非洲难民 韩国之眼 朝鲜日报网" (in Korean).
  68. ↑ "보츠와나 대통령 "北 인권후퇴, 관계유지 가치 없었다"" (in Korean). 23 October 2015. Archived from the original on 24 October 2015.
  69. ↑ "President Mokgweetsi Masisi holds on to power in Botswana poll". Financial Times. 25 October 2019.
  70. ↑ "Botswana – Botswana since independence". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
  71. ↑ Co, Maverick Maven (25 July 2018). "Khama joins Conservation International as a Distinguished Fellow". BotswanaUnplugged. Archived from the original on 20 May 2019. Retrieved 23 May 2020.
  72. ↑ "How friends became foes in Africa's diamond state". BBC News. 9 October 2024. Retrieved 9 October 2024.
  73. ↑ "Ian Khama: Botswana issues arrest warrant for former president". BBC News. 30 December 2022. Retrieved 31 December 2022.
  74. ↑ "Surprise return to Botswana by ex-president to face trial". BBC News. 13 September 2024. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  75. ↑ Sechele, Sechele (22 November 2024). "Khama IV finally breaks BaNgwato royal jinx". Mmegi. Mahalapye. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  76. ↑ Makhaiza, Larona (2 December 2024). "'Still not safe for Tshekedi and Anthony'". Mmegi. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  77. ↑ "Ian Khama Returns as Paramount Chief Sworn into Ntlo ya Dikgosi". SnapFlash. 21 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
  78. ↑ Basimanebotlhe, Tsaone (25 September 2025). "BDP rescinds Khama's membership termination". Mmegi Online. Retrieved 25 September 2025
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